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In-depth characterization of charge heterogeneity is a pivotal step desired in the therapeutics antibody development. To this end, a novel on-line multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MDLC-MS) method for charge variant characterization was developed to dig out potential risks on safety and efficacy. This method implemented 96-well plate fractionation and on-column preconcentration by multi-injection, thereby facilitating detection of charged species at low abundance. Eleven charge variants of mAb-A were preliminarily characterized by 2DLC(CEX × RP-C4)-MS. TRVHS and RVHS signal peptide variants of mAb-A were found in basic peaks of the CEX profile. The results supported process development in a timely manner, and the signal peptide-containing variants with potential immunogenicity were successfully removed by an optimized purification process. The retained seven charge variants of mAb-A were further characterized by 4DLC(CEX × RP-C4× Trypsin×RP-C18)-MS. Post-translational modifications including deamidation, cyclization of N-terminal glutamine, C-terminal lysine truncation as well as proline amidation, and methionine oxidation were identified, and their potential risks were evaluated. Biological activity of the seven charge variants was evaluated by 2DLC (CEX × FcγRIIIa). Increased FcγRIIIa receptor binding affinity was observed in the acidic variants. The MDLC-MS detection can be completed in 72 h with 1.25 mg of mAb, demonstrating to be sample-economic, time-effective, and labor-saving. It provided a powerful and timely tool for charge variant characterization and met the aggressive timeline desired for antibody development.

A study conducted at Tongji University in Shanghai, China, explores the psychological effects of Sky View Factor (SVF) and Green View Index (GVI) on pedestrian thermal comfort. The study found that differences in SVF and GVI significantly affect thermal sensation and that general thermal satisfaction correlates with average satisfaction levels. The research suggests that strategically designing SVF and GVI in urban outdoor spaces can optimize pedestrian thermal comfort. This study provides valuable guidelines for urban planning in Shanghai. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Shanxi University in China has found that isoferulic acid (IFA) derived from foxtail millet bran has a gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. Excessive alcohol consumption has been linked to gastrointestinal ailments, and this research aimed to find a solution to alleviate these disorders. The study found that IFA mitigated ethanol-induced damage to gastric epithelial cells and ameliorated alcohol-induced gastric mucosal damage in a rat model. The researchers discovered that IFA promoted mucin synthesis by inhibiting the downregulation of N-acetylgalactosamintransferase 2 (GALNT2) activity. This study provides a foundation for dietary interventions using whole grains to help individuals suffering from alcoholic gastric mucosal injury. [Extracted from the article]