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Abstract: The natural population of Aphidoletes aphidimyzaRond. is a new species for the fauna of the Arctic zone of Russia. It was found in 2017 on the territory of Murmansk oblast in the arboretum of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden on plants of the genus RosaL. The invasion was facilitated by the accidental introduction of an entomophage with planting material for replenishment of collections. A self-reproducing the population was formed outside the natural range.

As the result of a many-year experiment on adaptation of introduced entomophages in the specialized insectarium of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden (PABGI), populations of the following species have been established: Phytoseiulus persimilisAth.-Henr., Amblyseius mckenzieiSchuster et Pritchard, Aphidius matricariaeHal., Aphidius colemaniVier., Encarsia formosaGahan, and Aphidoletes aphidimyzaRond. These populations have short periods of preimaginal development, are resistant to sharp temperature changes, very voracious and active. These acari- and entomophages can persist for a long time under the specific conditions of the greenhouse ecosystem, effectively control pests, and regulate the biocoenotic complex at the level meeting the phytosanitary requirements. In their ecological characteristics the PABGI cultures surpass the conspecific populations from more southern areas.

A list of the coccid species damaging plants in the collection of the greenhouses of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, Kola Peninsula, is given. The dynamics of the pests’ presence and number of their hosts since 1957, and effect of pesticides on the pests are shown.

Abstract The interaction between neurotransmitter systems and opioid system in rats of different strains was studied during learning and emotional stress. The interaction between noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and opioid systems in the brain is the main neurochemical mechanism underlying learning reinforced by nociceptive electrical stimulation, which determine individual differences in the rate and type of learning.

Tetraphenylantimony γ-ethylacetylacetonate and γ-allylacetylacetonate were synthesized by reacting pentaphenylantimony with γ-ethylacetylacetone or γ-allylacetylacetone in toluene. Their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination polyhedron of the antimony atom is a distorted octahedron. In the tetraphenylantimony γ-ethylacetylacetonate, the Sb–C bond lengths vary in the 2.156(2)–2.170(1) Å range, the SbOC(1)C(2)C(1")O" heterocycle is symmetric, and the Sb–O and O–C distances are 2.201(1) and 1.284(2) Å, respectively. In the tetraphenylantimony γ-allylacetylacetonate, the Sb–C bond lengths vary in the 2.159(1)–2.167(1) Å range and the Sb–O(1,2) distances are 2.234(1) and 2.191(1) Å.

Abstract: In 3–6-week-old morphine-sensitive rats, in which morphine injection produced an analgetic effect, the serum titer of antimorphine antibodies 24 h postinjection is less than half that observed in morphine-resistant animals. Administration of naloxone to morphine-sensitive rats induces hyperalgesia and considerably raises the serum titer of antimorphine antibodies. Chronic injections of the same dose of morphine, which cause its analgetic effect to disappear, increase the titer of antibodies in morphine-sensitive rats 2-fold. In morphine-resistant rats naloxone produces an analgetic effect followed by its gradual decay and disappearance in the course of chronic administration. Subsequent administration of morphine induces analgesia, raises the titer of antimorphine antibodies, and lowers the titer of antiidiotypic antibodies.

Experiments were performed on rats with opium abuse induced by chronic administration of morphine in increasing doses. We studied the effect of HLDF-6 peptide on symptoms of naloxone abstinence. Repeated administration of HLDF-6 peptide in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg 24 and 0.5 h before naloxone relieved the major symptoms of the abstinence syndrome. A possible neurochemical mechanism underlying the effect of HLDF-6 peptide is inhibition of enkephalinase A in structures of the endogenous antinociceptive system.

We studied the effect of bioactive peptide HLDF-6 on functional activity of the endogenous antinociceptive system in the offspring of morphine-tolerant animals. Disturbances in this system included changes in the thermonociceptive threshold and enkephalinase A activity in various brain structures. The peptide acted as a potent regulator of the homeostasis in systems responsible for the synthesis and catabolism of endogenous opioids. HLDF-6 effectively corrected disorders of the endogenous antinociceptive system.

The use of naloxone hydrochloride (0.2-0.4 mg) in complex therapy of adolescent heroin addicts significantly prolonged the half-life of serum leu-enkephalin, slightly elevated the thresholds of thermal nociceptive reactions, and improved some clinical indices (considerably reduced drug addiction, eliminated affective disorders, etc.), which are important for deactualization of drug addiction and promoting remission.

We carried out a complex physiological, neurochemical, and neuroimmunologic study of the formation of tolerance to analgetic effect of morphine and analyzed enkephalinase A activity in different brain structures and serotonin antibodies in the serum. More early development of morphine tolerance and a sharp increase in serum antibody titer was found in the offspring of morphine-tolerant rats. This points to an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system and can serve as a diagnostic marker of endogenous opioid system pathology.

Abstract: The dynamics of thermonociceptive thresholds as a marker of the state of the endogenous opioid system was studied in the offspring of morphine-tolerant rats. Significant, age-dependent increase in thermonociceptive thresholds and higher levels of enkephalinase A in structures of the endogenous antinociceptive system were observed in the offspring compared with the control. These findings attest to disturbances of the opioid system in the progeny of morphine-tolerant rats and confirm the key role of enkephalinase A in the maintenance of homeostasis disturbed by chronic prenatal morphine treatment.

Abstract: Morphine injected subcutaneously in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight exerted an analgesic effect in some Wistar rats (morphine-sensitive animals), as was indicated by a significantly prolonged latency of the tail-flick response, butfailed to produce analgesia in others (morphine-insensitive animals). In morphine-sensitive rats, the striatum had the highest enkephalinase A activity, followed in decreasing order by the mesencephalon, hippocampus, pons, cortex, medulla oblongata, and hypothalamus. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal administration of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg body weight) to morphine-sensitive rats, enkephalinase activity fell significantly in the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex, remained unchanged in the pons and medulla oblongata, and rose significantly in the mesencephalon and insignificantly in the hypothalamus; generally similar differences in enkephalinase activity from naloxone-untreated morphine-sensitive rats were recorded in the brain structures of morphine-insensitive rats given saline instead of naloxone.

Enhancing the attractiveness of the Russian Far East's investment climate receives considerable attention. For this purpose free economic zones and specific organizational set-ups for development are being created. However, the first results of their functioning give reasons to point to the need to improve processes. By using the method of economic and legal analysis of legal acts, the authors propose solutions to three key problems. The authors clarify the interpretation of the concept of the 'resident of Advanced Development Territories of the Far East' by analyzing its constitutive elements 'registration' and 'implementation of activities', as well as provide options for dealing with problems at law enforcement and law making levels. The study reveals that problems relating to residents' realization of the right to declare Value Added Tax reimbursement are embedded in the condition of its application, in other words, in the underdevelopment of a guarantee instrument between the bodies of the Federal Tax Service and the management company, as well as in the limited financial capacity of the latter. To assess the effectiveness of protective functions and powers of the management company, the authors analyse the released practice of commercial courts in the Far Eastern Federal District on disputes involving both the residents of the territories with special business regimes and the management company. The authors draw attention to the ineffectiveness of the management company in this direction and recommend undertaking a preliminary (pre-trial) analysis of contentious situations involving residents on the basis of criteria formulated in this paper.