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Satellite communication is moving toward multi-band, large bandwidth communication and high data rate space networking, which requires more processing, switching, and high-speed transmission capability of satellite communication payload. The electronic bottleneck of traditional microwave systems in processing speed and transmission bandwidth makes it difficult to adapt to the future demands of satellite communications. Aiming at the limitations of satellite communication based on traditional microwave technology, this article discusses the potential benefits of satellite communication payload based on microwave photonic (SCP-MP) to space information communication networks (SICN). Then it proposes the architecture of SCP-MP, along with its main components and functional structure. We also review the key technologies, such as low spurious frequency conversion, channelization, optical switching, chip, and integration, and discuss challenges. An outlook on the prospects of SCP-MP is also included.