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Arctigenin is a bioactive dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignan exhibiting various pharmacological activities. The neuroprotective effects of arctigenin were demonstrated to be mediated via inhibition of AMPA and KA type glutamate receptors in the somatosensory cortex of the rat brain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of arctigenin with matairesinol and trachelogenin on synaptic activity in ex vivo rat brain slices. Arctigenin, matairesinol and trachelogenin were isolated from Arctium lappa, Centaurea scabiosa and Cirsium arvense , respectively, and applied on brain slices via perfusion medium at the concentration range of 0.5 – 40 µM. The effects of the lignans were examined in the CA1 hippocampus and the somatosensory cortex by recording electrically evoked field potentials. Arctigenin and trachelogenin caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in the amplitude of hippocampal population spikes (POPS) and the slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), whereas matairesinol (1 µM and 10 µM) decreased EPSP slope but had no effect on POPS amplitude. Trachelogenin effect (0.5 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM) was comparable to arctigenin (1 µM, 20 µM, 40 µM) (p > 0.05). In the neocortex, arctigenin (10 µM, 20 µM) and trachelogenin (10 µM) significantly decreased the amplitude of evoked potential early component, while matairesinol (1 µM and 10 µM) had no significant effect (p > 0.05). The results suggest that trachelogenin and arctigenin act via inhibition of AMPA and KA receptors in the brain and trachelogenin has a higher potency than arctigenin. Thus, trachelogenin and arctigenin could serve as lead compounds in the development of neuroprotective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Licarin A, a dihydrobenzofuranic neolignan presents in several medicinal plants and seeds of nutmeg, exhibits strong activity against protozoans responsible for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. From biomimetic reactions by metalloporphyrin and Jacobsen catalysts, seven products were determined: four isomeric products yielded by epoxidation from licarin A, besides a new product yielded by a vicinal diol, a benzylic aldehyde, and an unsaturated aldehyde in the structure of the licarin A. The incubation with rat and human liver microsomes partially reproduced the biomimetic reactions by the production of the same epoxidized product of m/z 343 [M + H]+. In vivo acute toxicity assays of licarin A suggested liver toxicity based on biomarker enzymatic changes. However, microscopic analysis of tissues sections did not show any tissue damage as indicative of toxicity after 14 days of exposure. New metabolic pathways of the licarin A were identified after in vitro biomimetic oxidation reaction and in vitro metabolism by rat or human liver microsomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new diarylbutyrolactones and sesquilignans (1a/1b – 4), including one pair of enantiomers (1a/1b), together with 10 known analogues (5 – 14), were isolated from the whole plants of Saussurea medusa. Compound 1 was found to possess an unusual 7,8′-diarylbutyrolactone lignan structure. Separation by chiral HPLC analysis led to the isolation of one pair of enantiomers, (+)- 1a and (−)- 1b. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data. All compounds, except compounds 5, 7 and 9 , were isolated from S. medusa for the first time. Moreover, compounds 1 – 4, 8 and 10 – 14 had never been obtained from the genus Saussurea previously. Compounds (+)- 1a, 2, 5, 7 , and 9 – 11 were found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of NO by RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 10.1 ± 1.8 to 41.7 ± 2.1 µM. Molecular docking and iNOS expression experiments were performed to examine the interactions between the active compounds and the iNOS enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To find inhibitors against skeletal muscle loss, we isolated a lignan compound ((−)-(2 R ,3 R -1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolarciresinol, DFS) from the stem of Alnus japonica. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with DFS during differentiation. To induce an in vitro atrophic condition, differentiated myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid). DFS (10 nM) increased expression levels of myogenic factors and the number of multi-nucleated myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). The myogenic potential of DFS could be attributed to p38 MAPK activation. DFS also protected against dexamethasone-induced damage, showing increased expression of MHC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major anabolic factor. Under atrophic condition, the anti-myopathy effect of DFS was associated with inactivation of NF- κ B signaling pathway and the subsequent suppression of muscle degradative E3 ligases and myostatin. DFS treatment also restored fast muscle fiber (type II a, II b, and II x), known to be susceptible to dexamethasone. These results indicate that DFS isolated from A. japonica can stimulate myogenesis via p38 MAPK activation and alleviate muscle atrophy by modulating the expression of genes associated with muscle protein anabolism/catabolism. Thus, we propose that DFS can be used as a pharmacological and nutraceutical agent for increasing muscle strength or protecting muscle loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the possible pharmacological potential of Cleome viscosa Linn (Cleomaceae), an annual weed, into therapeutic value-added products. In the present study, we have explored the pharmacological and toxicological profile of coumarinolignoids isolated from Cleome viscose for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications in a small animal model. To avoid the biasness during experiments on animals, we have coded the isolated coumarinolignoids as CLIV-92 to perform the experimental pharmacological study. CLIV-92 was orally administrated (30,100, 300 mg/kg) to animal models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, thermal and chemical-induced pain, and Brewerʼs yeast-induced pyrexia. Oral administration of CLIV-92 significantly decreases the arthritis index, arthritis score, and increases the limb withdrawal threshold in the CIA model in experimental rats. The anti-arthritis studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of CLIV-92 was associated with inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators like TNF- α , IL-6, IL-17A, MMP-1, MMP-9, Nitric oxide, and C-RP in CIA ratʼs serum, and also reduced the NF к B-p65 expression as evidence of immunohistochemistry in knee joint tissue of CIA rats, in a dose-dependent manner. Further individual experiments related to arthritis-related complications in experimental animals demonstrated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic potential of CLIV-92 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, an in-vivo acute oral toxicity study concluded that CLIV-92 is safe in experimental animals up to 2,000 mg/kg dose. The results of this study suggested that the oral administration of CLIV-92 may be a therapeutic candidate for further investigation in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted at the Institute of Marine Biochemistry in Hanoi, Vietnam has discovered five previously unknown lignans with cytotoxic properties in the fruits of Cleistanthus eberhardtii. These lignans, along with six known aryltetralin lignans, were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Compounds 6 and 7 showed strong activity against multiple cancer cell lines, while compound 1 exhibited activity against three cancer cell lines. Compound 2 showed selective inhibition against one cancer cell line, and compounds 4, 5, and 9 displayed moderate activity against multiple cancer cell lines. This research was supported by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Kyung Hee University in Seoul, South Korea, explores the potential of lignin as a sustainable and functional material for active food packaging. Lignin, a plant-based polymer, is abundant and renewable, making it an economical choice for eco-friendly packaging. It possesses properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity, ultraviolet radiation protection, and biocompatibility. The review highlights the need for further research into bio-derived materials for cleaner and more sustainable packaging options. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Shenyang Pharmaceutical University in China have discovered a new method to enhance the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy while reducing off-target toxicity. They have developed a redox-sensitive prodrug of podophyllotoxin (PPT) that can be combined with a natural compound called BL-193 to create a stable nanoassembly. This combination acts as a chemosensitizer, allowing for ultra-low-dose chemotherapy with potent antitumor responses. The study offers a novel approach to magnify the benefits of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Magnoliae Flos is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat nasal congestion associated with headache, empyema, and allergic rhinitis. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo formulas for melanin synthesis, the methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos was found to exhibit strong melanin synthesis activity. However, there have been no studies evaluating the effects of Magnoliae Flos or its constituents on melanogenesis. The present study aimed to isolate the active compounds from Magnoliae Flos that activate melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and three-dimensional human skin equivalent, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying melanin induction. The methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos induced an increase of melanin content in both B16-F1 and HMV-II cells. A comparison of melanin induction by three fractions prepared from the extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction markedly induced melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of seven lignans (1 – 7). Among them, (+)-magnolin (5) strongly induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction and 5 clearly induced melanin content in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent. Molecular analysis revealed that 5 triggered the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Further analysis of transcriptional factors and signaling pathways demonstrated that 5 induces the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2 activated by the protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of 5 as a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new phenolic glycosides, carvacrol-2- O - β -D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)- β -D-glucopyranoside (1), 1-methyl-3-isopropylphenol-4- O - β -D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)- β -D-glucopyranoside (2), p -methoxythymol-5- O - β -D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)- β -D-glucopyranoside (3), and a pair of new 8- O -4′ neolignan enantiomers (5a / 5b), together with 26 known compounds (4, 6 – 30) were isolated from the roots of Lilium dauricum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods, and the absolute configurations of 5a and 5b were established by electronic circular dichroism analysis. Nine compounds (1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 25, 29, and 30) exhibited potent α -glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 73.4 µM to 988.2 µM. Besides, compound 19 displayed strong anticomplementary activity (CH50 : 71.6 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at Shanxi Agricultural University in China have developed a new method for detecting triazole fungicides in water, juice, vinegar, and alcoholic beverages. The method, called lignin-based emulsive liquid-liquid microextraction (ELLME), uses an environmentally friendly emulsifier called lignin to extract the fungicides. The researchers found that the method was compatible with a wider range of extractants and achieved high extraction recoveries. The study suggests that lignin-based ELLME could be a promising alternative for pesticide residue analysis in food samples. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Tianjin University of Science and Technology in China discusses the development of a new composite film for food packaging. The researchers used lignin-ZnO nanoparticles as additives to improve the stability, barrier properties, and antibacterial properties of the film. The composite film showed good photostability, maintained molecular weight and mechanical properties after aging, and improved hydrophobicity and barrier properties. The researchers believe that this new film material has potential for outdoor applications and food packaging. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Yunnan University in Kunming, China have published a new report on cancer research. They have identified two new compounds, callicarbonans A and B, from the stems of C. arborea Roxb. The structures of these compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, and their cytotoxicity against cancer cells was assessed. One of the compounds, diterpenoid 13, showed cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB-231, SW620, and HepG2 cancer cells. This research provides valuable insights into potential new treatments for cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland focused on the antiretroviral drug podophyllotoxin (PPT) and its potential therapeutic effects. PPT is currently used topically to treat anogenital warts due to its systemic toxicity. The study examined the ultrastructural changes induced by PPT on HaCaT keratinocytes and tracked its intracellular localization using a fluorescent derivative. The researchers found that PPT had a time-dependent cytotoxic effect on the cells, causing disruptions in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. They also discovered that the fluorescent derivative of PPT formed a stable complex with tubulin, making it a useful tool for tracking intracellular PPT binding and trafficking. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria, has investigated the potential of lignans, natural compounds found in two South African Monsonia species, to treat cervical cancer. The researchers found that justicidin B, one of the lignans, exhibited potent activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. The compound induced changes in cancer cell morphology and inhibited the formation of cell colonies. Mechanistic investigations suggested that justicidin B induces cell death through multiple mechanisms. This research provides valuable insights into the development of new chemotherapeutic agents for cervical cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Cynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 – 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 – 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 – 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 – 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 – 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 – 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 – 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 – 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 – 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 – 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 – 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 – 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 – 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 – 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 – 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 – 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 – 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 – 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 – 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 – 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers at the Cancer Research Center in Salamanca, Spain have published a new report on antiretrovirals. The study focused on the compound podophyllic aldehyde, a cyclolignan derived from the natural product podophyllotoxin. The researchers found that podophyllic aldehyde exhibited increased cytotoxicity and more successful cell cycle blocking compared to the FDA-approved drug etoposide, another podophyllotoxin derivative. The compound also showed a selective antimitotic mechanism of action in certain tumor cell lines. These findings suggest that podophyllic aldehyde has potential as a new antitumor therapy and should be further studied and analyzed. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the development of sustainable food packaging materials using chitosan and lignin. Biodegradable biopolymers are being explored as alternatives to reduce plastic pollution and promote sustainable waste management practices. Chitosan, known for its film-forming abilities, is combined with lignin, which has properties such as tensile strength, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV barrier ability. The study focuses on extracting lignin from sugarcane tops and incorporating it into hydrogel formulations for food packaging. This approach aims to enhance the bioactivity of the hydrogel while reducing the reliance on expensive chitosan. The modified synthesis method also shortens the time needed for film casting and drying. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Chiang Mai University in Thailand has developed a new method for analyzing various compounds in sesame oil. The researchers used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array and fluorescence detector to simultaneously analyze lignans, tocopherols, phytosterols, and squalene in sesame oil samples. The method proved to be reliable and effective, with precise and accurate results. This research provides valuable insights into the composition of sesame oil and its functional compounds. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College in Maharashtra, India, explored the potential of Enterolactone (EL), a bioactive phenolic metabolite found in dietary lignans, as a therapeutic agent against triple-negative breast cancer stem cells (TNBC-CSCs). The study utilized predictive databases, molecular docking and dynamics simulations, and network pharmacology to identify 53 potential targets of EL against TNBC-CSCs, including ESR1, AKT1, JUN, and EGFR. The research concluded that EL shows promise in influencing crucial molecular targets and pathways related to TNBC-CSCs, such as the Wnt-beta catenin and PI3K-AKT pathways. This study provides insights into potential avenues for cancer therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Salamanca, Spain, focused on the chemomodulation of podophyllotoxin, a cyclolignan natural product, to develop more effective chemotherapeutic agents. The researchers synthesized derivatives of podophyllic aldehyde and evaluated their potency and selectivity against various cancer cells. The results showed that compounds with the lactone ring of podophyllotoxin were the most potent, while the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde was necessary for inducing selectivity in these cyclolignans. The study suggests that the g-lactone ring is crucial for potency. Further information on this research can be found in the journal article "Cytotoxic Cyclolignans Obtained by the Enlargement of the Cyclolignan Skeleton of Podophyllic Aldehyde, a Selective Podophyllotoxin-Derived Cyclolignan." [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of the flaxseed postmenopausal symptom treatment in improving women's health. Topics covered include the superfood's possession of omega-3s, lignans, fibre, proteins among other nutrients, and its help in reducing the risk of developing certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. Also noted are the various forms of flaxseed that can be included in the regular diet.

Researchers from Masaryk University in Brno, Czech Republic have conducted a study on the medicinal plant Schisandra chinensis, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The researchers isolated a series of compounds called dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the plant and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects. They found that several of these lignans showed antioxidant activity and affected intercellular communication. The study concluded that certain lignans, including (-)-gomisin N, (+)-g-schisandrin, rubrisandrin A, and (-)-gomisin J, exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of Schisandra chinensis in treating inflammatory conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences in China have conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Schisandra chinensis lignans in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study aimed to establish a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model and investigate the relationship between the two. The researchers used a microdialysis-ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry (MD-LC-TQ-MS) technique to analyze the active compounds and neurotransmitters related to the therapeutic effects of Schisandra chinensis in AD rats. The study provides new insights into the in vivo effects of these lignans in AD rats. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Medical University of Sofia explores the potential of arylnaphthalene lignans, a group of compounds with medicinal properties. The study focuses on the Linum genus, which produces lignans like justicidin B and isojusticidin B. These lignans have shown cytotoxic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal effects. The research highlights the use of biotechnology in optimizing lignan production and emphasizes the ongoing diversity and potential discoveries in this field. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free through the provided link. [Extracted from the article]

A comprehensive review conducted by researchers at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland, explores the potential of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (DBCLS) from the Schisandra genus as anticancer agents. The review analyzes recent literature on the mechanistic approaches of DBCLS against different types of cancer. The studies demonstrate that DBCLS compounds have the ability to trigger apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, induce oxidative stress, modulate autophagy, and disrupt essential signaling pathways in cancer cells. Additionally, DBCLS have shown promise in targeting cancer stem cells and mitigating multi-drug resistance. The multi-targeted mechanistic approach of DBCLS makes them promising candidates for further research and the development of new therapeutic strategies in cancer management. [Extracted from the article]

Moringa oleifera is known as a drumstick tree and is cultivated in the subtropics and tropics. It exhibits antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of 9 phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves and marketed products. The efficient separation was achieved within 7 min with a temperature of 45 °C by using a C-18 column as the stationary phase and water/acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid as the mobile phase. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. The limits of detections of phenolic compounds 1 – 9 were as low as 0.2 µg/mL. The photodiode array detector at 220 and 255 nm wavelengths was recruited for quantification. The key phytochemicals were detected in the range of 0.42 to 2.57 mg/100 mg sample weight in 13 dietary supplements. This study considers the quantitative analysis for lignans in M. oleifera for the first time. Isoquercitrin (5) and quercetin 3- O -(6- O -malonyl)- β −D-glucopyranoside (6) predominates the leaves of M. oleifera with inherent degradable nature detected for compound 6. Niazirin (2) was detected in amounts between 0.010 – 0.049 mg/100 mg while compound 1 was undetectable and potentially an artifact because of the fractionation process. The characterization and confirmation of components were achieved by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with extractive ion monitoring for the positive and negative ion modes. The developed and validated method is robust and rapid in the conclusive quantification of phytochemicals and authentication of the Moringa samples for quality assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the use of agromed®ROI, a supplementary feed containing specific lignan-rich lignocellulose from wood, in broiler farming. Lignans are natural polyphenols with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Compared to antibiotic growth promoters, agromed®ROI showed positive effects on the final weight and feed intake of the animals. It was also found that the supplementary feed improves feed efficiency and offers ecological benefits. The study demonstrates that agromed®ROI is both ecologically and economically advantageous. [Extracted from the article]

The lignan 4′- O - β- d -glucosyl-9- O -(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil had previously been discovered in a methanolic extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis agg.) and characterized as a potent partial agonist at the A1 adenosine receptors. Today, countless scientific sources, webpages, and press articles mention this compound and discuss it as an active constituent for the sedative effect of this herbal drug. As no second report confirmed the occurrence of this lignan in valerian root during the 20 years since its first description in 1998, we intended to re-prove its presence by means of LCMS using other genuine or added lignans as a quantitative benchmark. Whilst those lignans were clearly detectable in methanolic valerian extracts of all six investigated batches of valerian root, no positive proof of 4′- O - β- d -glucosyl-9- O -(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil was achieved. Our result suggests that this compound does not occur regularly in valerian root in the amounts expected from the single report on the occurrence of this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lignan 4′- O - β- d -glucosyl-9- O -(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil had previously been discovered in a methanolic extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis agg.) and characterized as a potent partial agonist at the A1 adenosine receptors. Today, countless scientific sources, webpages, and press articles mention this compound and discuss it as an active constituent for the sedative effect of this herbal drug. As no second report confirmed the occurrence of this lignan in valerian root during the 20 years since its first description in 1998, we intended to re-prove its presence by means of LCMS using other genuine or added lignans as a quantitative benchmark. Whilst those lignans were clearly detectable in methanolic valerian extracts of all six investigated batches of valerian root, no positive proof of 4′- O - β- d -glucosyl-9- O -(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil was achieved. Our result suggests that this compound does not occur regularly in valerian root in the amounts expected from the single report on the occurrence of this compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten lignans (1 – 10) were isolated from the hexane-ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Three of them, cubebin dimethyl ether (3), urinatetralin (4), and lintetralin (7) are described for the first time in this species, while phyllanthin (1), niranthin (2), 5-demethoxyniranthin (5), isolintetralin (6), hypophyllanthin (8), nirtetralin (9), and phyltetralin (10) have been already reported from P. amarus. Among the lignans tested against Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, 2 was the most active with an EC50 of 35.28 µM. Lignans 2, 5, 7 , and 9 showed inhibitory effects against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with EC50 of 56.34, 51.86, 23.57, and 43.27 µM, respectively. During in vitro infection assays, 5 reduced amastigotes by 91% at 103.68 µM concentration, whereas 7 and 9 reduced amastigotes by approximately 84% at 47.5 and 86.04 µM, respectively. Lignans 5, 7 , and 9 were more potent in intracellular amastigotes with EC50 of 2.76, 8.30, and 15.83 µM, respectively, than in promastigotes. CC50 for all samples was > 100 µg/mL, thus revealing low cytotoxicity against macrophages, and selectivity against the parasite. L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with compounds 2 and 9 showed decreased respiratory control of 38% and 25%, respectively, suggesting a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the hostʼs inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting natureʼs reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is a parasitic disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions responsible for hundreds of millions of clinical cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. Its agent, the Plasmodium sp., has a highly variable antigenicity, which accounts for the emergence and spread of resistance to all available treatments. In light of this rising problem, scientists have turned to naturally occurring compounds obtained from plants recurrently used in traditional medicine in endemic areas. Ethnopharmacological approaches seem to be helpful in selecting the most interesting plants for the search of new antiplasmodial and antimalarial molecules. However, this search for new antimalarials is complex and time-consuming and ultimately leads to a great number of interesting compounds with a lack of discussion of their characteristics. This review aims to examine the most promising antiplasmodial phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, lignans, among others) and derivatives isolated over the course of the last 28 y (1990 – 2018) and discuss their structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, toxicity, new perspectives they could add to the fight against malaria, and finally, the difficulties of transforming these potential compounds into new antimalarials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocotea fasciculata presents yangambin (YAN) and its isomer epi-yangambin (EPI-YAN) as major lignans, which are employed as the plant markers for quality control purposes and as potential pharmacological compounds. However, a gap between the pure isomers and safety and efficacy protocols is faced by the scientific community. In this context, this work aimed to report (i) a new and advantageous purifying process in a semi-preparative scale for YAN and EPI-YAN isolation from Ocotea fasciculata , and (ii) an in vitro cytotoxicity study to estimate, for the first time, the LD50 values of the isolated epimers, as well as the influence of albumin concentration in cell culture medium. The best condition for epimers isolation was achieved in normal-phase liquid chromatography. The lignan fraction (LF), previously obtained from the plant ethanolic extract, was purified yielding 17% and 29% of YAN and EPI-YAN, respectively. The in vitro study demonstrated that YAN and EPI-YAN were safe, and only at the highest concentration studied, a decrease on cell viability was observed. The estimated LD50 value was higher than 1612 mg/kg for both epimers. The LF, on the other hand, demonstrated an estimated LD50 of 422 mg/kg. Lignan cytotoxicity studies also evidenced that the higher cell viability was related to the higher concentration of fetal bovine serum as a source of albumin in medium. This is the first time the LD50 and safety of the isolated epimers were estimated, opening up great perspectives of success in in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological functions of the leaves of Japanese big-leaf magnolia (Magnolia obovata) against enterotoxins produced by foodborne pathogens remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of M. obovata leaf extract (MLE) against the cytotoxicity of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), which causes the symptoms of C. perfringens type A food poisoning. The protective effects of MLE against CPE-induced cytotoxicity were evaluated in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Pre-treatment with MLE significantly suppressed the cytotoxicity induced by CPE in undifferentiated and differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells at a pH range of 4.0 – 7.0. This CPE-suppressive effect was due to a hydrophilic sugar-containing compound without phenolic and protein structures but not the hydrophobic biologically active neolignans, honokiol and magnolol. MLE had a protective effect against cytotoxicity caused by type A C. perfringens. Our results provide novel insight regarding the usage of M. obovata in managing food poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information about two clinical trials aimed at evaluating the safety and effectiveness of vaccines for preventing meningococcal meningitis. The first trial focuses on the ACYW135 Group Meningococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (CRM197 Vector) in individuals aged 18-59 years. The trial is randomized and observer-blind, with participants receiving a single dose of the vaccine. The second trial evaluates the effectiveness of two different vaccines, MCV4 and MPSV4, in preventing the disease. The study will enroll 840 participants between the ages of 18 and 59, who have not received a meningococcal vaccine in the past three years. The estimated completion date for the trial is October 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A meta-analysis conducted by researchers from the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center suggests that soy compounds called isoflavones may reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence or death. The study reviewed 22 observational studies from various countries and found that soy isoflavones were associated with a 26% reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence, particularly among post-menopausal survivors. Additionally, the study found that enterolactone, a compound metabolized from lignans found in various plants, reduced the risk of breast cancer-specific mortality and death from any cause, especially in post-menopausal women. However, the study emphasizes that these findings should not be considered as alternatives to medical treatment and calls for further research on effective dosages and timing of consumption. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for the use of Terameprocol and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) derivatives as anti-viral agents against coronaviruses. The patent describes methods of administering these derivatives to patients infected with or at risk of infection with a coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2. The derivatives have been found to inhibit viral RNA replication. This patent provides potential treatment options for COVID-19 and other illnesses caused by coronaviruses. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP) at the University of Oregon has found that green tea extract and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis nematodes in a species-specific manner. However, the effects of these antioxidants on lifespan and health varied depending on genetic background and assay type. The study highlights the importance of considering genetic diversity and assay methods when evaluating the effects of chemical compounds on lifespan and health. This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Glenn Foundation for Medical Research, and Larry L. Hillblom Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology in West Bengal, India, explored the potential of targeting the UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) enzymes with lignans to modulate autophagy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The researchers used in-silico technologies to identify lignans from flaxseed, sesame seeds, and enterolignans as potential autophagy inhibitors. Three dietary lignans (pinoresinol, medioresinol, and lariciresinol) were found to be dual ULK1/2 inhibitors/modifiers, while enterodiol emerged as a selective ULK2 inhibitor/modifier. This research provides insights into potential treatment strategies for mCRC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology in Luoyang, China, explored the neurotoxicity of podophyllotoxin (PPT), a naturally occurring aryltetralin lignan. The researchers investigated the potential involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in PPT-induced neurotoxicity. The study found that PPT exposure compromised cognitive functions, induced damage to the colon and hippocampus, increased intestinal permeability, elevated proinflammatory factors, and caused disruptions in the gut microbiota. These findings suggest that PPT promotes the enrichment of Escherichia-Shigella, leading to inflammatory factor production and alterations in kynurenine metabolism in the hippocampus, potentially contributing to neurotoxicity. The study provides new insights into the mechanistic pathways of PPT-induced neurotoxicity and offers avenues for therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Moscow, Russia, Cancer Research, Benzene Derivatives, Benzyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Lignans, Podophyllotoxin, Tetrahydronaphthalenes The obtained esters are less lipophilic analogs of the known podophyllotoxin esters." Keywords: Moscow; Russia; Cancer Research; Benzene Derivatives; Benzyl Compounds; Carboxylic Acids; Esters; Lignans; Podophyllotoxin; Tetrahydronaphthalenes EN Moscow Russia Cancer Research Benzene Derivatives Benzyl Compounds Carboxylic Acids Esters Lignans Podophyllotoxin Tetrahydronaphthalenes 734 734 1 11/06/23 20231107 NES 231107 2023 NOV 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- Data detailed on Cancer Research have been presented. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Hanoi; Vietnam; Asia; Natural Product Research; Life Sciences; Benzene Derivatives; Benzyl Compounds; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Lignans; Podophyllotoxin; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Topoisomerase EN Hanoi Vietnam Asia Natural Product Research Life Sciences Benzene Derivatives Benzyl Compounds Enzymes and Coenzymes Lignans Podophyllotoxin Tetrahydronaphthalenes Topoisomerase 515 515 1 10/09/23 20231013 NES 231013 2023 OCT 13 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Genomics & Genetics Weekly -- New research on Life Sciences - Natural Product Research is the subject of a report. Keywords for this news article include: Hanoi, Vietnam, Asia, Natural Product Research, Life Sciences, Benzene Derivatives, Benzyl Compounds, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Lignans, Podophyllotoxin, Tetrahydronaphthalenes, Topoisomerase, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [Extracted from the article]

Anticancer Agents, Benzyl Compounds, Cancer, Cancer Therapy, Drugs and Therapies, Health and Medicine, Hydrocarbons, Lignans, Molecular Dynamics, Oncology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Physics, Protective Agents Keywords: Anticancer Agents; Benzyl Compounds; Cancer; Cancer Therapy; Drugs and Therapies; Health and Medicine; Hydrocarbons; Lignans; Molecular Dynamics; Oncology; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology; Physics; Protective Agents EN Anticancer Agents Benzyl Compounds Cancer Cancer Therapy Drugs and Therapies Health and Medicine Hydrocarbons Lignans Molecular Dynamics Oncology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology Physics Protective Agents 858 858 1 10/03/23 20231006 NES 231006 2023 OCT 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in anticancer agents. [Extracted from the article]