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In this study, the CeF3-doped porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs), prepared via electroblown spinning technique and carbonization process, are used as sulfur immobilizers in cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries for the first time. The cathode composed of CeF3-doped PCNFs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and S is successfully prepared through the ball-milling and heating method. The formed porous structure in the PCNFs and CNTs facilitates the construction of highly electrically conductive pathways and effectively alleviates volume changes, which can maintain the stability of the cathode structure and make them in close contact between the electrodes. Meanwhile, the intermediate polysulfide dissolved and lost in the electrolyte can also be suppressed because of the hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers and CeF3. The Li–S battery using the cathode can display excellent electrochemical properties and stable capacity retention, presenting an initial discharge capacity of 1395.0 mAh g–1and retaining a capacity of 901.2 mAh g–1after 500 cycles at 0.5C. During the rate capability tests of battery, the discharge capacity of Li–S battery with the electrode slowed down from the discharge capacity of 1284.6 mAh g–1at 0.5C to 1038.6 mAh g–1at 1C and 819.3 mAh g–1at 2C, respectively. It is noteworthy that the battery can still endow an outstanding discharge capacity of 1269.73 mAh g–1with a high retention of 99.2% when the current density returns to 0.5C.

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) fiber is a kind of high-performance fiber, which shows excellent performances and has been widely used in many fields. In this study, PTFE nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning, solution blowing spinning (SBS), and electroblown spinning (EBS). Compared with other methods, the EBS method was more successful in producing excellent flexible, uniform, and continuous PTFE nanofiber membranes, with a mean diameter of approximately 414.54 nm, which was lower than the traditional electrospinning and SBS PTFE fiber diameters, 785.27 and 446.03 nm, respectively, and the diameter distribution of the EBS fiber was more uniform. The EBS PTFE fiber mat with a pore size of 0.74 µm was obtained, which was smaller than the traditional electrospinning (1.58 µm) and SBS (0.90 µm). The lower fiber diameter, smaller pore size, and better hydrophobicity made the EBS PTFE fiber mat more fit for thermal filtration and other applications compared with the electrospinning and SBS one.PTFE nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared by three different methods. Compared with traditional electrospinning, solution-blowing, electroblown spinning method was more successful in producing excellent flexible, uniform, and continuous PTFE nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the lower fiber diameter, smaller pore size, and better hydrophobicity made the EBS PTFE nanofiber membrane have more broad application prospects.