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Birefringent light‐shaping films (BLSFs) for mini‐LED backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are proposed and experimentally demonstrated by passive polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. Such films show angle‐selective scattering properties, achieved by proper material engineering and good vertical alignment of liquid crystals. They only respond to angles rather than spatial locations. By directly adhering the BLSF onto a LED, the angular intensity distribution of light can be tailored from Lambertian‐like to batwing‐like. Further simulation proves that by engineering the angular distribution, a fewer number of LEDs or equivalently a shorter light‐spreading distance is required to maintain good uniformity. These BLSFs are expected to find widespread applications in emerging mini‐LED backlit LCDs and shed light on designing other light‐shaping films in the future. Birefringent light‐shaping films (BLSFs) for mini‐LED backlit LCDs are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By directly laminating BLSF onto a LED, the angular intensity distribution of light can be tailored from Lambertian‐like to batwing‐like, such that a fewer number of LEDs or equivalently a shorter light‐spreading distance is required to maintain good uniformity.

In this study, a new type of surfactant, N, N-dialkyl-3, 6-O-sulfopropyl chitosan (SPDACS) was prepared with two kinds of chitosan (Mw 10 and 50 kDa) and three kinds of alkyl groups (octyl, decyl and lauryl) respectively. The substitution degree of alkyl chain was around 1.50, and the substitution degree of sulfopropyl was around 1.70. The relationship of structure and surfactivity of chitosan-based surfactants were studied with six different structures of SPDACS.The results showed that the length of alkyl side chain and the molecular weight of chitosan main chain of SPDACS had distinct effect on the surface tension (γ) and the critical micelle concentration (CMC). CMC and γ could be reduced as the length of alkyl and the molecular weight of chitosan increased. For the products with 50 kDa of chitosan, the CMC decreased from 0.014 to 0.006 mg/mL, and γ down to 23.59 from 28.76 mN/m as the length of alkyl increased from 8C to 12C. The similar patterns happened for the products with 10 kDa of chitosan. The mean size of the blank micelles decreased with the growth of the length of alkyl, and the molecular weight of chitosan had little effect on the particle size. The zeta potential of all micelles were above -35mV which meant the micelles had good stability in the solution.The product of 5-SPDLCS (50 kDa, lauryl) with the best surfactivity were selected for the study of PTX solubilization. The optimal ratio of 5-SPDLCS/PTX was determined to be 1/1.1. The results showed the encapsulation effificiency (EE) and loading effificiency (LE) were 92.2 % and 50.36 % respectively. The solubility of PTX in water reached to 6.08 mg/mL. The solubility of PTX was 60,000 times higher than that of PTX (< 0.0001mg/mL) in pure water.

We review the emerging mini/micro–light‐emitting diode (LED) displays featuring high dynamic range and good sunlight readability. For mini‐LED backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs), we quantitatively evaluate how the device contrast ratio, local dimming zone number, and local light profile affect the image quality. For the emissive mini/micro‐LED displays, the challenges of ambient contrast ratio and size‐dependent power efficiency are analyzed. Two figure‐of‐merits are proposed for optimizing the optical and electrical performances of mini/micro‐LED displays. We review the emerging mini/micro‐LED displays featuring high‐dynamic range and good sunlight readability. For mini‐LED backlit LCDs, we quantitatively evaluate how the device contrast ratio, local dimming zone number, and local light profile affect the image quality. For the emissive mini/micro‐LED displays, we propose two figure‐of‐merits for optimizing ambient contrast ratio and power efficiency.

We propose a high dynamic range (HDR) mini‐LED enhanced liquid crystal display (LCD) system. Through both numerical simulations and human visual perception experiments, we find that the halo effect (light leakage between adjacent black and bright pixels) can be suppressed to unnoticeable level by optimizing the LCD contrast ratio, number of local dimming zones, LED light expansion and local light confinement. The benefits and problems of each solution are discussed in detail. Additionally, with the merits of low power consumption, freeform panel shape and thin profile, mini‐LED backlit LCDs is emerging as a strong contender for next‐generation HDR displays.

The swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) has come to the forefront since 2009 and was identified as a new reassortant strain. The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein mediates virus binding, contains antigenic regions recognized by neutralizing antibodies, and is associated with viral cross-species infection and adaption. The comparison study of codon usage preferences in influenza viral genomes was less extensive. In this study, we used codon usage pattern analyses to validate the adaption and origins of S-OIV.

We develop a rigorous model to simulate an LCD's contrast ratio (CR) and viewing angle by considering the depolarization effect. To improve CR, an in‐cell polarizer is added between LC layer and color filter array. The obtained maximum CR of a multi‐domain vertical alignment LCD is boosted to > 20,000:1.

A new liquid crystal display device with fast response time, high transmittance, and low voltage for virtual reality is reported. When driven at 90Hz with 17% duty ratio, the motion picture response time is 1.5 ms, similar to CRT, leading to indistinguishable motion blur. Moreover, this device enables high resolution density because only one thin‐film transistor per pixel is needed and it has a built‐in storage capacitor.

We analyse how the backlight's peak wavelength and bandwidth affect the color gamut of a liquid crystal display and establish a theoretical limit even if the bandwidth approaches 1 nm. To get around this limit, we propose a new backlight system and achieve 97.3% Rec. 2020 color gamut in experiment.

We report a new vertical alignment fringe in‐plane switching (VA‐FIS) liquid crystal device with single alignment on top substrate. This design exhibits submillisecond response time, reasonably high transmittance (~70%), and relatively low operation voltage (15 V). It is a strong contender for next‐generation field sequential color displays.

A new liquid crystal display device with fast response time, high transmittance, and low voltage for virtual reality is reported. When driven at 90 Hz with 17% duty ratio, the motion picture response time is 1.5 ms, which is comparable with cathode‐ray tube, leading to indistinguishable motion blur. Moreover, this device enables high‐resolution density because only one thin‐film transistor per pixel is needed and it has a built‐in storage capacitor. A new liquid crystal display device with fast response time, high transmittance, and low voltage for high‐resolution virtual reality is reported. When driven at 90 Hz with 17% duty ratio, the motion picture response time is 1.5 ms, which is comparable with CRT, leading to indistinguishable motion blur.

A functional reflective polarizer is added to an LCD's backlight unit to suppress the crosstalk between RGB primary colors. When integrated with a commercial two-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (2pc-WLED), the color gamut of the LCD can be boosted to 133.9% NTSC in CIE 1976, which is comparable to the quantum dot-enhanced backlight.

A high dynamic range display is demonstrated using two TFT-LCD panels. Exceedingly high contrast ratio (> 1,000,000:1), high bit-depth (> 14 bits), and pixel-level local dimming are achieved. Meanwhile, a polarization dependent scattering film is introduced to eliminate the Moiré effect induced by the cascaded TFT backplanes.

We reported a fast-response LCD for virtual reality applications. The average gray-to-gray (GTG) response time is 0.93ms and its GTG motion-picture-response-time (MPRT) is comparable to OLED. By increasing the frame-rate and/or decreasing the backlight duty-ratio, we can achieve MPRT < 1 ms to display fast-moving objects with unnoticeable motion blurs.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the dosing time on the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib and the circadian rhythms of the metabolism enzymes in tumor-bearing mice. Female C57BL mice were randomly assigned to six groups. Erlotinib was orally administrated to the mice in each group at six different times of day. The plasma concentration of erlotinib was determined through a high-performance liquid-chromatographic assay, and the total mRNA was extracted from liver tissues to determine the expression of the mRNA of the related drug metabolism enzymes by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that AUC0–24 hand MRT0–24 hwere the lowest in the 20:00 group (P< 0.01). Tmaxof the 13 HALO (hour after light onset), 17 HALO and 21 HALO groups was higher than that of the 1 HALO and 5 HALO groups (P< 0.01). CL of the light-phase groups was lower than that of the dark-phase groups (P< 0.01). The peak value of Cmaxappeared in the 5 HALO group (P< 0.01). The mRNA levels of Cyp3a11, Cyp3a13 and Cyp1a2 were generally higher during the afternoon and the dark phase. Circadian rhythm plays a critical role in the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in mice, and the mechanisms may be attributed to gene expression rhythms of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver tissues.

The new processing technology of extraction alumina by sintering coal fly ash with ammonium sulfate was studied. The phase evolutions of the sintered coal fly ash in different temperature schemes were characterized by X-ray diffractometry. The alumina extraction efficiency of sintered coal fly ash obtained from different sintering temperature schemes had also been investigated. The results show that the sintering temperature and holding time markedly influence the phase composition and alumina extraction efficiency of sintered coal fly ash, while the temperature rising time has little influence on it. The optimal temperature scheme for sintering coal fly ash with ammonium sulfate has been eventually confirmed that increasing temperature from ambient temperature to 400 °C for 1 h and heating for 3 h in air and the alumina extraction efficiency from as-sintered coal fly ash can reach 85.6%.

The influences of fly ash and phosphoric acid on water-resistant property and the microstructure of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) were investigated in this paper. It is found that the improvement of the water-resistance of the MOC incorporated with phosphoric acid can be attributed to the dramatic decrease in the quantity of crystallization points. In addition, the new Mg2PO4(OH) phase can also prevent the dissolution of 5-phase. And the mechanism of the water-resistance of the MOC mixed with fly ash is due to the Ca2MgSi2O7 phase and the glass phase which are filled into microscopic cracks and skeleton empty.

γ-Al2O3with high surface area and large pore volume combined with high thermal stability was synthesized by a reverse precipitation-azeotropic distillation method. The effects of azeotropic distillation on the characteristics of γ-Al2O3were studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results show that γ-Al2O3dried by azeotropic distillation has excellent structure characteristics with a high surface area of 426 m2/g and a large pore volume of 2.56 cm3/g. After calcination at 1100 °C, the surface area of γ-Al2O3was still 92 m2/g with a large pore volume of 1.00 cm3/g, indicating the potential application in catalyst and petroleum industry.

To study the effects of lentinan (LTN) on mice exposed to chronic radiation.

According to the continuum assumption and the mass transfer controlled regime, a mathematical model describing the combined diffusion, convection and the reversible chemical reactions in a porous packed bed was established and numerically solved. The simulation results are validated by comparing with the experimental data. The calculated results showed that, an increase in convection velocity causes an increase in Thielet number and an opposite effect for Th/Pe ratio. Therefore, the ability of chemical reaction increases under the condition of increasing convection velocity. But the utilization of reaction gas decreases. The influence of main parameters on the reaction conversion all can be analyzed by calculating the Thiele number and the Peclet number.

Based on the pore size distribution simulation and the derivation of the effective diffusion coefficient, a mathematical model describing the mass transfer and chemical reaction in a cylindrical gas sensitive porous medium is formulated. The reaction features and the effective utilization of the gas sensitive porous medium are analyzed under different pore size distribution. The results indicate that, an increase in porosity or in the most probably pore diameter leads to a higher mass transfer rate of the target gas, while the surface chemical reaction ability decreases. Depending on the calculated value of the Thiele number, the variation of the gas sensitivity and the effective surface utilization can be analyzed. The gas sensitivity and the effective utilization coefficient of the gas sensitive porous medium can be controlled by adjusting pore structure parameters. This will be useful for the pore structure design of gas sensor and choosing the most reasonable operation conditions.

According to the assumption of local thermal non-equilibrium and the heat transfer controlled regime, a mathematical model describing the coupling between the heat and mass transfer processes in a porous packed bed with endothermic chemical reactions was established and solved by the alternate dimension implicit method. The calculated results showed that, the profiles of the temperature distributions of the two phases and the solid conversion ratio all decay near the radial boundary wall corresponding to the momentum boundary layer. However, the concentration of the product gas increases near the wall owing to the slower speed layer. The temperatures difference between the gas flow and solid pellets can not be ignored during the study of ore decomposition in the porous packed bed. The reaction features of the packed bed with endothermic reactions under different conditions can be analyzed by the established model.

Taken the pore structure effects into account, a mathematical model to describe the interaction of mass transfers, the chemical reaction and the pore structure in the gas sensitive porous medium is presented and solved. The properties of the mass transfers and the reaction characteristics of the gas-sensitive porous system are analyzed. The effects of pore size distribution and porosity on the concentration field of detected gas and the effective utilization degree of the porous matrix are provided. The results indicate that the Thiele number, which can reflect the relative magnitude of chemical reaction rate and gas diffusion velocity in nature, is the main basis for judging the effects of various parameters. It usefully reproduces the observed effects of pore structure and reaction temperature on diffusion and chemical reaction response, showing that the gas sensitivity and the effective utilization coefficient of the gas sensitive porous medium can be controlled by adjusting key parameters.

O-Lauroyl chitosan/poly(l-lactide) (OCS/PLLA) blend membranes with different compositions were prepared by solution-casting approach using chloroform as common solvent. The experimental results of FT-IR, DSC and WAXD indicated that inter-association hydrogen-bond interactions existed between OCS and PLLA in the blend membranes. And SEM observation confirmed that the blend membranes with suitable compositions were compatible.