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Objective To evaluate the local incidence of orofacial cleft (OFC) encountered in fetal morphology scan and prenatal diagnosis, genetic etiology of fetuses with or without other structural abnormalities, and their pregnancy outcomes.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Two maternal fetal medicine units, tertiary hospitals, Hong Kong.Participants All pregnant women with antenatal diagnosis of fetal OFC between January 2016 and December 2020 (N = 66).Results OFC has an incidence of 0.13% among pregnancies in Hong Kong and 28.8% (19/66) were syndromic cleft that exhibited other fetal structural anomalies. There were 55 cases (84.6%) who opted for invasive prenatal diagnostic testing. Genetic defects were identified in 25.8% (17/66) of this cohort, including 14 pathogenic variants. The detection rate in the syndromic cases is 68.4% (13/19) which was significantly higher than 8.5% (4/47) among non-syndromic cases. Aneuploidies would be the most common cause, accounting for 9.1% (6/66). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provided an incremental diagnostic yield of 6.1% compared to conventional karyotyping. A total of 29 live births including 3 cases of a variant of uncertain significance and 26 cases without genetic abnormalities detected have continued pregnancy to birth. There were 87.5% (21/24) without detectable pathogenic genetic abnormality reported good long-term outcomes. The chance of OFC fetuses having a good long-term outcome was significantly higher if no genomic variant was detected (P< .001).Conclusions Invasive prenatal tests with CMA should be offered to pregnancies with OFC regardless of the type. It has provided incremental diagnostic yield over conventional karyotyping and helped in prenatal and genetic counseling. A negative result in non-syndromic OFC favors couples to keep the pregnancy.

Adenomatoid tumors are rare, specific, benign tumors of the reproductive tract that originate from mesenchymal tissue. A patient was diagnosed with uterine fibroids 1 year previously when a mass of approximately 30 mm was found in the left adnexal region during a physical examination. At 1 year of follow-up, ultrasound showed that the mass in the left adnexal area had greatly increased to 61 × 45 × 50 mm. Contrast-enhanced pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery and suggested a borderline tumor. Histopathology suggested signet ring cell carcinoma, and an immunohistochemical examination suggested a uterine adenomatoid tumor. Our suspicion of a borderline tumor was based mainly on the following features: the mass had increased in size within 1 year, the cancer antigen 125 concentration had increased, and several lymph nodes in the pelvic and groin regions showed positive signals on MRI enhancement. Uterine adenomatoid tumors are challenging to diagnose, especially adenomatosis with signet ring cells. However, the accuracy of diagnosing this disease can be greatly improved by combining ultrasound and MRI. This article describes the most comprehensive and reliable imaging features of ultrasound and MRI, which play an important role in diagnosing uterine adenomatoid tumors and provide useful information for clinicians.

Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare subtype of ovarian cancer that accounts for approximately 6% to 10% of serous ovarian cancers. The clinical treatment of LGSOC is similar to that of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, however, its clinical and molecular characteristics are different from those of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. This article reviews the research on gene diagnosis, surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and biological therapy of LGSOC, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of LGSOC. Surgery is the cornerstone of LGSOC treatment and maximum effort must be made to achieve R0 removal. Although LGSOC is not sensitive to chemotherapy, postoperative platinum-based combination chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment option for LGSOC. Additional clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical benefits of chemotherapy and explore new chemotherapy protocols. Hormone and targeted therapies may also play important roles. Some patients, particularly those with residual lesions after treatment, may benefit from hormone maintenance therapy after chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, such as MEKi, show good application prospects and are expected to change the treatment pattern of LGSOC. Continuing to further study the genomics of LGSOC, identify its specific gene changes, and combine traditional treatment methods with precision targeted therapy based on second-generation sequencing may be the direction for LGSOC to overcome the treatment bottleneck. In future clinical work, comprehensive genetic testing should be carried out for LGSOC patients to accumulate data for future scientific research, in order to find more effective methods and drugs for the treatment of LGSOC.

A palladium-catalyzed dearomative diarylation of C2-deuterated or C2-nonsubstituted indoles through domino Heck/Suzuki coupling is established. Relying on electron-deficient phosphite ligand, side reactions including intermolecular Suzuki coupling and intramolecular C–D/H arylation are inhibited and a wide range of 2,3-diarylated indolines bearing vicinal tertiary stereocenters including deuterated ones are afforded in moderate to excellent yields (up to 94%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1). The catalyst loading can be lowered to 0.02 mol % at elevated temperature.

A continuous phytochemical study on the roots of Marsdenia tenacissima led to the isolation and identification of 13 new polyoxypregnane glycosides named marstenacissides B10-B17 (1, 2,4,7,8,11,12, and 14) and marstenacissides A8-A12 (3, 9,10,13, and 15) in addition to two known polyoxypregnane glycosides marsdenosides M and L (5 and 6). Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with the reported data in the literature. Moreover, the anti-HIV activities of these isolates and the previous isolated marstenacissides A1-A7 and B1-B9 were assessed, some of which exhibited slight or negligible effects against HIV-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great achievements since the reform and opening up China's energy development, but the resulting energy shortage, environment pollution seriously limits the economic development of our country and cause economic security and national security issues. From resources, production, consumption, and impact on the environment and the economic and social development, etc., analyzes the basic situation and development trend of the world's energy and discusses the opportunities and challenges facing our country energy development. China's energy development strategy is still mainly on coal, controlling the total energy production and consumption, energy conservation and emissions reduction, improve the efficiency of the comprehensive utilization of energy, to develop the modern coal chemical industry, renewable energy and nuclear energy.

This article explains how to prepare zirconia (ZrO2) mico particles and demonstrates how to evaluate the performance of drilling fluids containing ZrO2. Sheet ZrO2 micro articles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and were observed using particle image equipment. The performances of drilling fluids before and after various doses of ZrO2 added were compared. The result shows that sheet ZrO2 micro particles can adjust the rheological properties of drilling fluid.

The best condition of experiment was got from orthogonal and particle image analysis. The final experiment titanium dioxide (TiO2) fiber was made using high temperature firing. The final products were added into drilling fluids to test their effects on the performance of the drilling fluids. The results of different dosage in the drilling fluids were compared.

The simulated water was treated using the clay and the organoclay. Then, HPAM removal efficiency was compared with the produced water. The results show that both the clay and the organoclay could be used to remove HPAM. However, pH value had different effects on the simulated water and the produced water, maybe due to residue oil droplets and other impurities. The micro structures were observed with particle imager and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Controlling the conformation of medium-sized rings is challenging because of their flexibility and ring strain effects. Herein, we report non-Curtin–Hammett conditions for the precise control of the conformation of cyclodecenones to effect the first cis-selective transannular Prins cyclization, which enabled concise syntheses of the 5(10→1)abeo-steroids bufospirostenin A and ophiopogonol A in only seven steps from inexpensive starting materials. Computational results indicated that the key cyclization was kinetically controlled and proceeded via either a Prins pathway or a carbonyl–ene pathway, depending on the reaction conditions. Moreover, conformational isomerization played a critical role in determining the stereochemistry of the products.