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Emulating biological perception mechanisms to construct intelligent sensing devices and systems represents a paradigm for promoting human–computer interaction in the Internet of Everything era. Nonetheless, developing highly sensitive, real-time sensing and rapidly integrated intelligent interaction units remains a challenging and time-consuming endeavor. This study employs a low-temperature glow discharge technique to rapidly fabricate graded nanotexturing architectural triboelectric nanopaper, upon which wearable triboelectric sensors for real-time tactile detection are designed. The structure enhances the contact area under an external force. Additionally, the Z-stacking structure design enables the sensor to achieve a remarkable sensitivity of 10.3 kPa–1and a rapid response time of 52 ms. Furthermore, a tactile sensor array was designed to demonstrate the triboelectric sensor’s ability to recognize characteristic pressures. With programmable machine learning techniques, the object recognition rate reached 97%. This study supports material structural design across disciplines, laying a solid foundation for the rapid fabrication and integration of transient wearable electronics.

As intelligent technology surges forward, wearable electronics have emerged as versatile tools for monitoring health and sensing our surroundings. Among these advancements, porous triboelectric materials have garnered significant attention for their lightness. However, these materials face the challenge of improving structural stability to further enhance the sensing accuracy of triboelectric sensors. In this study, a lightweight and strong porous cellulosic triboelectric material is designed by cell wall nanoengineering. By tailoring of the cell wall structure, the material shows a high mechanical strength of 51.8 MPa. The self-powered sensor constructed by this material has a high sensitivity of 33.61 kPa–1, a fast response time of 36 ms, and excellent pressure detection durability. Notably, the sensor still enables a high sensing performance after the porous cellulosic triboelectric material exposure to 200 °C and achieves real-time feedback of human motion, thereby demonstrating great potential in the field of wearable electronic devices.

Background GJA8gene is known to cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Here we report a novel compound heterozygous variant of GJA8gene in two siblings that mimics an autosomal recessive trait.Patients and methods Two siblings from a non-consanguineous Chinese family suffered from isolated congenital cataract. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify disease-causing variants followed by a confirmatory Sanger sequencing.Results Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant of GJA8gene, c.855delG(p.Met286Trpfs*71)/c.1125delC(p.Gly376Glufs*33), in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband and his sister harboured this compound heterozygous variant, while the parents were heterozygous carriers, suggesting an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Both parents showed mildly impaired vision, but only the father had mild nuclear opacities, suggesting an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance in one of the pathogenic alleles.Conclusions Our report shows compound heterozygous variant of GJA8gene may mimic autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and reminds clinicians to perform needful examination. The two novel pathogenic GJA8variants expand the mutational spectrum of congenital cataract. This study also provides accurate genetic diagnosis for the family.

In the process of contemporary agricultural production, the application of intelligent connection and automatic navigation technology of modern agricultural machinery is increasingly common. The application of visual navigation technology in the field of intelligent connection of agricultural machines can provide accurate and reliable positioning signals for agricultural machines so as to carry out intelligent and automatic agricultural machinery operations. In order to realise precision agricultural operation and intelligent navigation, a network of combining decision‐making by using visual navigation recognition and image processing is proposed. The system design mainly includes two parts: visual navigation system and control network. Agricultural machinery uses monocular vision image acquisition to collect farmland image. The computer analyzes the image, extracts the navigation centreline, obtains the navigation path information, and completes the identification and positioning of the navigation path. The simulation process verifies that the designed image navigation precision agricultural intelligent connection network can provide efficient, precise, and intelligent control of agricultural machinery. A precision agriculture intelligent connection network for image navigation is proposed. According to the characteristics of agricultural navigation image, efficient and accurate navigation feature detection and route extraction are analyzed and designed.

A series of nickel and nickel free modified Cu–La2O3/Al2O3catalysts were prepared using a simple wetness impregnation method and applied for the catalytic upgrading of ethanol to higher alcohols. 56.7% ethanol conversion, 76.1% total selectivity to higher alcohols and 43.1% total yield thereof were achieved over the optimal 0.65%NiO–Cu–La2O3/Al2O3catalyst. The addition of an appropriate amount of NiO effectively promoted ethanol upgrading to higher alcohols by increasing the amount of surface Cu active species and optimizing the acid–base properties of Cu-based catalysts, thus obviously enhancing the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation capacity, as well as the activity of aldol condensation of the catalysts. This study will provide inspiration or direction for the design of more efficient Cu-based catalysts for the catalytic upgrading of ethanol.

The organic Rankine cycle is introduced into the conventional ejector refrigeration (CER) system to establish the low-grade heat-driven cooling/power cogeneration ejector refrigeration (CPC-ER) system using the isobutane as the refrigerant. In comparison with the CER system where external power is consumed by the circulating pump, the power output from the CPC-ER system is more than the power consumption of its circulating pump so that a portion of net power is derived from the CPC-ER system. Based on the mathematical model of thermodynamics, energy and exergy analysis of the CPC-ER system is carried out and compared with the CER system. The results reveal that the equivalent coefficient of performance (COP) of the CPC-ER system is 41.14% to 71.30% higher than that of the CER system, and the exergy efficiency of the CPC-ER system is 1.32 to 1.49 times higher than that of the CER system. Both the power produced by the turbine and the total exergy output from the CPC-ER system approach the maximum, as the generating temperature in the generator is up to 80°C. The CPC-ER system has the higher energy utilization efficiency than the CER system, and it is suitable for the cooling and power-required places with low-grade thermal sources.

Based on experimental data, numerical simulations by turbulent air flowing across staggered tube bundle composed of twisted elliptical tube (TET) with constant tube wall temperature are conducted in present study. Parametric study on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of air crossflow in TET bundles is investigated with physical parameters and Reynolds number (Re). The results show that spiral channels created by spiral deformation of TETs have a diversion effect on the air flow, which changes the flow direction of the air near the tube wall. The air in the near wall region is a three-dimensional flow, consisting of a flow perpendicular to the normal direction of the elliptical cross section and a spiral flow along the helicoid on the downstream side and the upstream side. And the interaction of the spiral channels makes the two flows and their mixing more complicated. The excellent heat transfer performance of staggered TET bundles is confirmed by the comparison of the comprehensive heat transfer performance with that of circular tube bundles. The average Nusselt number (Nu) increases with the increase of the aspect ratio (A/B) and with the increase of Rewhile decreases as the twist pitch (S) increases. The average Euler number (Eu) increases as A/Bincreases, while it decreases as Reincreases and as Sincreases. Due to the fact that the suitable correlations for staggered TET bundles are not reported, correlations for Nuand Euobtained from experimental data and numerical results are presented in the multiple forms.

This paper investigates the impact of air pollution on China’s internal migration using the Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey and Air Quality Index (AQI) data in 2014. Binary response models suggest that, on average, the probability of the willingness to leave will grow by approximately 0.1 if the average value of AQI is increased by 100 points. The migration effect of sever air pollution still holds using two-stage least squares estimation. In particular, compared to inter-province and intra-city within the same province, interviewees are more willingness to leave in intra-county with the same city. Besides, individuals from the cities in central and western regions, the listed key environmental protection (KEP) cities and cities not listed as resource-based (RB) cities have stronger willingness to leave than those from the cities in eastern region, Non-KEP cities and RB cities. Our results are robust to alternative measures of air pollution and models specification.

Effective seed dispersal is critical for enabling rapid state shift from a bare tidal flat to a vegetated marsh. While tidal currents are the main dispersal vector in coastal environments, biological characteristics that keep seeds afloat have been shown to influence primary seed dispersal, i.e., seed departure from the parent plant. In contrast, secondary seed dispersal processes that move (germinated) seeds trapped within microsites have been largely neglected. Here, we explore the extent to which the coupling between biotic traits and abiotic factors affects secondary seed dispersal, and whether secondary seed dispersal may explain sudden saltmarsh establishment (i.e., rapid colonization of bare tidal flat by large numbers of seedlings in spring). We used two widely spread pioneer species: Scripus mariqueterand Spartina alterniflora. Combined flume and field results demonstrated that: (1) germination stage, current velocity, and sedimentary regime have a marked effect on the probability of secondary seed dispersal by influencing the threshold lift‐off velocity of (germinated) seeds within microsites; (2) density and bud length are critical biotic traits that best predict the potential of secondary‐dispersal onset after seed germination; (3) S. alterniflorapossess a stronger secondary dispersal ability compared to S. mariqueter; and (4) secondary dispersal of germinated seeds in spring may explain observed sudden marsh establishment on bare tidal flats. Our findings provide novel insight relevant to understanding the drivers of seed dispersal and thereby sudden saltmarsh establishment events, with important implications for understanding the effects of climate change on critical state transitions and enabling human‐aided restoration.

ABSTRACTFor the development of safe and effective EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) vaccines, the Ag85A signal peptide from M. tuberculosisH37Rv was used to construct a recombinant secretory BCG (Bacillus Chalmette-Guérin) plasmid. The Ag85A gene, fused to the EBV LMP2A (latent membrane protein) and hGM-CSF (human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor) genes, was inserted into the pMV261 vector (secretory BCG plasmid). The expression levels of the hGM-CSF and LMP2A proteins in rBCG (recombinant BCG) were measured by Western blot analysis. Humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and antitumor effects were determined by a series of experiments. The recombinant pMVGCA plasmid effectively expressed GCA (hGM-CSF and LMP2A fusion protein) in BCG after transformation, and the rBCG proteins were recognized by antibodies against hGM-CSF and LMP2A. Six weeks after immunization, the maximum dose of rBCG resulted in antibody titers of 1:19,800 (hGM-CSF antibody) and 1:21,800 (LMP2A antibody). When the effector:target ratio was 40:1, specific lysis was maximal and approximately two times stronger than that in mice immunized with the control. Tumorigenicity was lower in the rBCG treatment group, with a tumor inhibition rate of 0.81 ± 0.09 compared with the control groups. EB virus-positive tumors are inhibited by rBCG expressing an hGM-CSF and LMP2A fusion protein.

Noncontact sensing technology serves as a pivotal medium for seamless data acquisition and intelligent perception in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), bringing innovative interactive experiences to wearable human–machine interaction perception networks. However, the pervasive limitations of current noncontact sensing devices posed by harsh environmental conditions hinder the precision and stability of signals. In this study, the triboelectric nanopaper prepared by a phase-directed assembly strategy is presented, which possesses low charge transfer mobility (1618 cm2V–1s–1) and exceptional high-temperature stability. Wearable self-powered noncontact sensors constructed from triboelectric nanopaper operate stably under high temperatures (200 °C). Furthermore, a temperature warning system for workers in hazardous environments is demonstrated, capable of nonintrusively identifying harmful thermal stimuli and detecting motion status. This research not only establishes a technological foundation for accurate and stable noncontact sensing under high temperatures but also promotes the sustainable intelligent development of wearable IoT devices under extreme environments.

Excitons dominate the photonic and optoelectronic properties of a material. Although significant advancements exist in understanding various types of excitons, progress on excitons that are indirect in both real- and momentum-spaces is still limited. Here, we demonstrate the real- and momentum-indirect neutral and charged excitons (including their phonon replicas) in a multi-valley semiconductor of bilayer MoS2, by performing electric-field/doping-density dependent photoluminescence. Together with first-principles calculations, we uncover that the observed real- and momentum-indirect exciton involves electron/hole from K/Γ valley, solving the longstanding controversy of its momentum origin. Remarkably, the binding energy of real- and momentum-indirect charged exciton is extremely large (i.e., ~59 meV), more than twice that of real- and momentum-direct charged exciton (i.e., ~24 meV). The giant binding energy, along with the electrical tunability and long lifetime, endows real- and momentum-indirect excitons an emerging platform to study many-body physics and to illuminate developments in photonics and optoelectronics.

Enterprise information systems play a significant role in the Industry 4.0 era and are the crucial component to realize smart manufacturing systems. However, traditional enterprise information systems have some limits: (1) lack of complete information, (2) only satisfy limited business needs, and (3) lack of seamless integration, business intelligence, value-driven processes, and dynamic optimization. Clearly, the existing enterprise information systems are unable to satisfy the requirements for smart manufacturing systems: (1) autonomous operation, (2) sustainable values, and (3) self-optimization. In addition, smart manufacturing systems have become more efficient and effective, demanding for seamless information flow in enterprise information systems, knowledge, and data-driven accurately decision. Therefore, a new enterprise information systems framework is needed to bridge gaps between the requirements for traditional manufacturing system and smart manufacturing system. In this article, the integrative framework is proposed based on the business process reengineering, lean thinking, and intelligent management methods, with inclusion of six enterprise information systems aspects to provide upgrading guidelines from traditional manufacturing to smart manufacturing. The procedure of this method contains three steps: (1) it identifies requirements and acquires best practices using AS-IS model, (2) it redesigns six aspects of enterprise information systems using TO-BE model, and (3) it proposes a new enterprise information systems framework. Finally, the proposed framework is validated by real cases.

At the heart of bureaucratic practice during Warring States and early Imperial China were regular, small acts of accountancy in which objects and people were marked so that their movements could be kept track of, their quality checked and their numbers marshalled. In the mausoleum complex of the Qin Shihuang (259-210 bc, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty), the longer texts and shorter inscribed marks found on the bronze weapons of the Terracotta Army are reasonably well known, and such information helps us to understand aspects of Qin craft organisation and logistics at this crucial period of Chinese state formation. This paper’s modest starting point is a study of two further, less well-known ink inscriptions found on crossbow triggers from Terracotta Army Pit 1. Using multispectral photography, digital microscopy and Raman analysis, we uncover evidence of further marks on the same two triggers that suggest a similar pattern of ‘matching’ marks as suggested by the incised evidence. We also identify the black substance used to make the marks as a soot-based ink. Spatial analysis of both the inked and incised trigger marks then provides wider context for how such marking practices amongst Qin bronze-workers may have operated.

A single cylinder rotary compressor was applied in the refrigerant injection air-source heat pump to improve the heating performance in cold regions. In this study, the performance of an R410A single cylinder rotary compressor vapor injection (SCRCVI) system was measured and analyzed by varying the compressor frequency fand injection pressure Pinjat the ambient temperature Tod=–10°C.The experimental results indicated that an optimum injection pressure to gain the maximum COPh(coefficient of performance) existed in the SCRCVI cycle. However, the maximum COPhof the SCRCVI system decreased as the increase of the frequency, and the maximum COPhwas even lower than that of the CSVC system at high compressor frequency. Therefore, in view of the energy saving and emission reduction, the SCRCVI system should be switched to single stage compression system when the heating capacity demand could be satisfied at high compressor frequency f. Compared to the conventional single-stage vapor compression (CSVC) system, refrigerant injection could enhance the heating capacities and COPhby 28.2% and 7.91%, respectively. The average total mass flow rate of the SCRCVI system was 24.68% higher than that of the CSVC system. As the SCRCVI system worked at the optimum injection pressure, the variation trends of the different system parameters were investigated in detail. These trends were reliably used to optimize the refrigerant injection system design and the control strategy. The parameter of (Pinj–Ps) could be adopted as the signals to control the opening of the upper stage electronic expansion valve EEV1.

To achieve the Paris Agreement, China pledged to become “Carbon Neutral” by the 2060s. In addition to massive decarbonization, this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO2emissions. The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass meadows, to sequester large amounts of CO2makes their conservation and restoration an important “nature-based solution (NbS)” for climate adaptation and mitigation. In this review, we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation. On the national scale, the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha, including over 75% as unvegetated tidal flats. The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year−1, of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats. The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year−1along the Chinese coastline. Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of $32,000 ha−1year−1. The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration, including their constraints and feasibility, are also outlined. Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent, carbon stocks, sequestration, and mitigation potential. Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.

ABSTRACTThe product development process is knowledge intensive, involving the retrieval and reuse of sometimes heterogeneous knowledge. As the exchange of this knowledge can be challenging in a distributed environment, this paper presents a two-stage approach to integrate and share product knowledge effectively. The first stage is ontology integration. Through ontology mapping and merging, product knowledge from the local ontologies is integrated into a global ontology, and any repetitive knowledge is removed. The second stage is knowledge sharing. In the multiple ontologies, product knowledge is exchanged through multi-agents, and all the knowledge is retrieved. As a result, product knowledge is shared between the global and local ontologies, and among the local ontologies. A case on the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) product development is presented to highlight the potential of the proposed method.

ABSTRACTIn this study, purified GM-CSF and LMP2A mRNAs were amplified by PCR. Then, the GM-CSF and LMP2A sequences were connected by the polypeptide linker (Gly4Ser)3using gene splicing by overlap extension. The constructed fusion gene GC2A was inserted into the adenovirus vector. Then the recombinant vector was introduced into HEK 293T cells by calcium phosphate transfection to package the adenovirus. The levels of antibodies against the GM-CSF and LMP2Afusion proteins were measured by ELISA, and the CTL activity of the mouse splenic lymphocytes was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Immunotherapy of mouse tumor (EBV-positive epithelial tumor cell line (GT39)) tissues was performed, and their morphologies were assessed. Finally, the data of each group were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 statistical software. The recombinant adenovirus could replicate in HEK 293Tcells and induce humoral and cellular immune responses in the mice. The maximum dose resulted in an antibody titer of 18500 (184.5 ± 8.7 pg/ml). At an effector: target ratio of 40:1, maximum specific lysis was observed which was approximately three times that detected in the control immunized mice. The tumor inhibition rate was approximately 76% compared with the control groups, indicating the presence of significant differences among the groups. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The recombinant adenovirus induced humoral and cellular immune responses and inhibited tumor growth in mice. It provided a theoretical basis and candidate vaccine for further preclinical trials.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have ideal applications in the field of self-powered sensing thanks to their simple structure and flexible working mode. However, the weak operating properties of triboelectric materials in high humidity environments limit the wide application of TENG as sensors. To solve this problem, this work prepared hydrophilic triboelectric materials with natural cellulose as the template and used them for self-powered sensing in high humidity environments. Thanks to the interconnected network of the cellulose scaffold, the complex morphology of the material constructed in concert with Ti3C2Txduring templating provides abundant adsorption sites for water molecules. Over a broad humidity range (40%−90% relative humidity (RH)), the moisture-sensitive triboelectric material can sustain outstanding performance in 150 s with high sensitivity (0.8/1%). The cellulose template-based triboelectric material transmits electrical signals to the user interface wirelessly, enabling self-powered sensing in high humidity environments. This study provides a novel strategy for the design and preparation of high-performance triboelectric materials using cellulose as a template and promotes the study of self-powered sensing in high humidity environments.

Quality function deployment is a cross-functional decision-making tool that converts customer needs into technical attributes of new products. Fuzzy numbers are usually adopted to evaluate the customer need importance and the customer need–technical attribute relationships. However, the weighted normalized customer need–technical attribute relationship matrix is not always full rank. If the different fuzzy numbers of two technical attributes are defined as the fuzzy negative ideal solutions, both the closeness coefficients are 0, and the traditional technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution cannot prioritize the two technical attributes. Actually, the rankings of different fuzzy numbers are not identical. To solve this problem, we present a new technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution to prioritize technical attributes in the fuzzy quality function deployment. The fuzzy positive ideal solution, fuzzy negative ideal solution, and distance measurement of the new technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution are improved. As a result, the proposed method not only prioritizes various forms of numbers without considering the lower and upper limits, the median, and boundary interval but also deals with the nonfull rank matrix. Besides, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving is used to solve technical conflicts which are identified by the line-fitting method. The prioritization results from the proposed method can help to reasonably allocate design and manufacturing resources. Finally, a case on phone shell is given to illustrate the application of the proposed quality function deployment method.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors offer great potential as high-performance materials for thin film transistors (TFTs) in displays. Their thin, stable, and flexible nature, along with excellent electrical properties, makes them suitable for flexible displays. However, previous demonstrations lacked clear superiority in pixel resolution and TFT performance. Here we present the flexible 2T1C pixel driving circuit for active-matrix displays based on high-quality large-scale monolayer MoS2. A gate-first fabrication process was developed for flexible MoS2-TFTs, showing a remarkable carrier mobility (average at 52.8 cm2V–1s–1), high on/off ratio (average at 1.5 × 108), and negligible hysteresis. The driving current can be modulated by pulsed input voltages and demonstrates a stable and prompt response to both frequency and amplitude. We also demonstrated a 10 × 10 active-matrix with high resolution of 508 pixels per inch, exhibiting 100% yield and high uniformity. The driving circuit works well under bending up to ∼0.91% strain, highlighting its normal functions in flexible displays.

Artificial retina implantation provides an effective and feasible attempt for vision recovery in addition to retinal transplantation. The most advanced artificial retinas ever developed based on silicon technology are rigid and thus less compatible with the biosystem. Here we demonstrate flexible photoresponsive ring oscillators (PROs) based on the 2D semiconductor MoS2for artificial retinas. Under natural light illuminations, arrayed PROs on flexible substrates serving as vision pixels can efficiently output light-intensity-dependent electrical pulses that are processable and transmittable in the human visual nerve system. Such PROs can work under low supply voltages below 1 V with a record-low power consumption, e.g. only 12.4 nW at a light intensity of 10 mW/cm2, decreased by ∼500 times compared with that of the state-of-the-art silicon devices. Such flexible artificial retinas with a simple device structure, high light-to-signal conversion efficiency, ultralow power consumption, and high tunability provide an alternative prosthesis for further clinical trials.

The striking realism of the life-sized ceramic terracotta warriors has been attracting the interest of the public and archaeologists since they were discovered from the mausoleum complex of the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang in the 1970s. It is still debated whether the life-size models were based on individual people or were just crafted from the standardized models. This research examined the facial features of the terracotta warriors in a quantitative and contactless way with the support of the High-precision 3D point cloud modelling technology and the anthropometric method. The similarities and dissimilarities were analyzed among the facial features of terracotta warriors and 29 modern Chinese ethnic groups using mathematical statistics methods such as MDS, ANOVA, ranking analysis and cluster analysis. The results reveal that the features of the terracotta warriors highly resemble those of contemporary Chinese people and indicate that terracotta warriors were crafted from real portraits and intended to constitute a real army to protect the Emperor Qin Shihuang in the afterlife.

To examine the ability of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to detect the origins and paths of moisture supplied to Southeast China, trajectories of air particles released over Southeast China were traced backward during 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 and three typical regional persistent heavy rainfall events. The HYSPLIT model provides more insightful information than water vapor flux. Analysis of the specific humidity along the trajectories revealed the origins of moisture and their contributions to the moisture supply in Southeast China. In the boreal summer half year, four key moisture transport paths from the eastern Indian Ocean, central Indian Ocean, South China Sea (SCS), and western North Pacific (WNP) contribute 10%, 20%, 31%, and 16% of the moisture to Southeast China, respectively. In the winter half year, the contributions of the paths from the WNP and North China double. Examination of heavy rainfall events showed that under tropical storm conditions, all moisture transport routines are rotated cyclonically before reaching Southeast China. The invasion of cold air can trigger heavy rainfall in both the summer and winter half years but plays different roles: it does not contribute to the moisture supply but plays a key role in converging and uplifting the moisture in the summer half year, while it supplies a great amount of moisture in the winter half year as it absorbs abundant moisture in crossing the WNP.

Background:Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been detected worldwide using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) since the 1980s, but few related reports exist on the incidence, spectrum, and clinical presentation features of IEM in southern China.

In the modern global economy, the product-service system strategy is increasingly popular with manufacturers. However, to the best of our knowledge, the publication focusing on the supply chain model for product-service system is still scant. Based on the findings of a half-year investigation in an air compressor manufacturer in China, the article is trying to develop a comprehensive framework of supply chain for product-service system. By exploring the structure and the unique features of the supply chain for product-service system, the research leads to a better understanding of the subject. Following the analysis, the supply chain model for product-service system is developed and elaborated in the value co-creation, functional process management, and the enabling process management. It is hoped that the exploration will form the frontier basis for further research on supply chain for product-service system.

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of atmospheric variability in the mid–high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, representing large-scale variations in pressure and the polar front jet (PFJ). In SAM events, the combination of the SAM and other modes may result in different atmospheric patterns. In this study, a neural-network-based cluster technique, the self-organizing map, was applied to extract the distinct patterns of SAM events on the monthly time scale based on geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa. Four pairs of distinguishable patterns of positive and negative SAM events were identified, representing the diversity in spatial distribution, especially the zonal symmetry of the center of action at high latitudes—that is, symmetric patterns, split-center patterns, West Antarctica patterns, and a tripole pattern. Although the SAM is well known to be belt-shaped, within the selected SAM events, the occurrence frequency of symmetric patterns is only 23.8%—less than that of West Antarctica patterns. Diverse PFJ variations were found in the symmetric and asymmetric patterns of SAM events. The more asymmetric the spatial distribution of the pressure anomaly, the more localized the adjusted zonal wind anomaly. The adjusted PFJ varied in meridional displacement and strength in different patterns of SAM events. In addition, the entrance and exit of the jet changed in most of the patterns, especially in the asymmetric patterns, which might result in different climate impacts of the SAM.

Traditionally, patch-based analysis at the landscape scale fragmentation has been used in the study of landscape ecology while the study of boundary and node has not been considered as much detail until recently. This study investigated the possibility of applying boundary- and node-based methods in landscape pattern analysis to the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in the southwestern China. Boundary-based and node-based landscape indices were selected to be used in analyzing changes in landscape patterns, and the results were compared with analysis using traditional pattern indices. We compared the responses of patch-area-based, boundary-length-based and node-number-based indices, and concluded that boundary-based and node-based indices are more sensitive to disturbance than patch-based indices with various patterns, and node-based indices are even more sensitive than boundary-based ones. Thus, the results suggest that boundary-based and node-based pattern analysis methods provide helpful supplementary information to traditional patch-based pattern analysis methods. The results about pattern dynamics of landscapes in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River based on boundaries and nodes showed that with human disturbance, the dominance of forest landscape was weakened by other landscape types; thus the landscape pattern of the study area became more homogeneous and the boundary network became more complex. These changes further augmented disturbance interfaces in the landscape and increased the possibilities of further landscape fragmentation.

Abstract: The devastating fire in May 1987 in the northern Great Hing’an Mountains created a mosaic of burned severity. Subsequent log harvesting and tree planting complicated the restoration process. Based on intensive field work and GIS analysis for the burned area, we studied the landscape pattern change in relation with its influencing factors, the restoration of some ecosystem functions and the long-term effect of human planting on vegetation restoration. A post-fire vegetation restoration process was also established using spatial series instead of temporal series. The results indicated that coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest and mixed forest increased obviously in the burned area. Factors influencing the restoration process are ranked as the burned severity, way of restoration (planting, promoted restoration or natural restoration) and topographical factors. The latter was further ranked as the slope, elevation, slope position and aspect. Primary productivity, hydrological functions, habitats for wild animals and permanent frozen soil of the area have all largely been restored to the pre-fire level after more than 15 years. Parameters demonstrated a transitional character of the forest from the early succession stage to middle stage. LANDIS simulation for the long-term forest succession under pure natural restoration and human-intervened restoration indicated that post-fire tree planting largely influenced the age structure, spatial pattern and timber stock of dominant species such as Larix gmelini, Betula platyphylla and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. In general, the influence of post-fire human planting can remain for more than 200 years.

Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon (C) that help to mitigate climate change. However, previous data limitations have prevented a robust evaluation of the global rates and mechanisms driving C accumulation. Here, we go beyond recent soil C stock estimates to reveal global tidal wetland C accumulation and predict changes under relative sea level rise, temperature and precipitation. We use data from literature study sites and our new observations spanning wide latitudinal gradients and 20 countries. Globally, tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65 (95%CI: 48.52–59.01) Tg C yr−1, which is ∼30% of the organic C buried on the ocean floor. Modeling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by 2100. This rapid increase is driven by sea level rise in tidal marshes, and higher temperature and precipitation in mangroves. Countries with large areas of coastal wetlands, like Indonesia and Mexico, are more susceptible to tidal wetland C losses under climate change, while regions such as Australia, Brazil, the USA and China will experience a significant C accumulation increase under all projected scenarios.The global tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65 (95%CI: 48.52-59.01) Tg C yr-1, which is ∼30% of the organic C buried on the ocean floor. Modelling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by 2100.

Objective To investigate the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for the preoperative diagnosis of cervical cancer.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 114 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer and underwent PET/MRI (n = 59) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) (n = 65) before surgery. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were determined for regions of interest in the resultant radiographic images.Results Relative to PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/MRI exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity in defining the primary tumor bounds and higher sensitivity for detection of bladder involvement. The SUVmaxand SUVmeanof PET/MRI were remarkably higher than those of PET/CT as a means of detecting primary tumors, bladder involvement, and the lymph node status. However, no significant differences in these values were detected when comparing the two imaging approaches as a means of detecting vaginal involvement or para-aortic lymph node metastasis.Conclusions These outcomes may demonstrate the capability of 18F-FDG PET/MRI to clarify preoperative cervical cancer diagnoses in the context of unclear PET/CT findings. However, studies directly comparing SUVs in different lesion types from patients who have undergone both PET/MRI and PET/CT scans are essential to validate and expand upon these findings.

AbstractPerformances of the aphid, Myzus persicae, were monitored during feeding on leaves of the rape, Brassica chinensis, previously fumigated with SO2in a range of concentrations between 20 and 160 nl/1 at 25°C. Response of the aphids depended on dose of the air pollutant. Moderate dose of SO2treatment on the rape greatly enhanced the aphids' performances while high level of the pollutant heavily suppressed their growth and reproduction. They performed best at about 80 nl/l SO2, where nymphal mean relative growth rate (MRGR), adult fecundity and intrinsic increase rate(rm) of the population increased by 31.5%, 89.8%and 42. 7% over those of control aphids, respectively. Determination of the plant chemistry suggests that the altered relative content of methionine induced by So, exposure might be responsible for this response of dosage dependence.

A review of past activities concerning selected industrial analytical problems is given. This includes the following question: preparation of pure gas mixtures to be used for calibration, catalytic conversion of ester and pyridin samples to carbon dioxide and a one-point calibration method using peak heights, both for quantitative analysis, analysis of gas mixtures containing fluorine and inorganic fluorine compounds and the determination of the oxygen and fluorine content of the sample, separation and identification of hydrocarbons in shale oil and petroleum fraction samples, and analysis of wine.

AbstractField trials by sex pheromone of aphid to trap peach aphids Myzus persicaehave been carried out in 1995 and in 1996. Suitable time and the effect of ratio of two components nepetalactone and nepetalactol to apply the lure have been observed.

Technological progress, represented by artificial intelligence, has a dual impact on employment structure. In order to explore the impact of artificial intelligence development on employment skill structure, this paper, based on the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2003 to 2017, used the mediating effect regression model and the threshold regression model to conduct empirical tests. The results show that the development of artificial intelligence will significantly affect the structure of employment skills, and regional innovation has a significant mediating effect. From the threshold characteristics, there is a threshold effect of regional innovation. With the improvement of innovation environment, industrial upgrading and technological progress, the influence of artificial intelligence on middle-skill employment is gradually weakened. Under the influence of innovation environment and technological progress, the high-skilled employment shows a U-shaped change.

The main refractive indices of calcite crystal are measured by the means of auto-collimation, and the thermo-optical coefficients are calculated. The coefficient expression of Sellmeier equation is obtained by solving Sellmeier equation strictly and the refractive indices of different wavelengths are calculated, which accord with experimental results very well. The measured main refractive indices of calcite at 488-nm wavelength are identical with the values obtained by Sellmeier equation.

Estuarine salt marshes have been recognized as one of the most efficient carbon sinks in the biosphere, with considerable potential for climate change mitigation. However, there are still uncertainties about the response of soil carbon stocks to enhanced soil salinization caused by accelerated sea‐level rises and aggravated saltwater intrusion. We therefore conducted both field investigations in the Chongming Dongtan salt marsh of the Yangtze River Estuary, China, and manipulative experiments on marsh soils occupied, respectively, by the invasive Spartina alterniflora, and the native Phragmites australisand Scirpus mariqueter, to identify the effects of elevated soil salinity on top soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration. Our field data showed that SOC concentrations were significantly positively associated with soil salinity concentrations, annual net primary productivity, and marsh surface elevation but showed a significant negative relationship with median grain size. Compared with the two native species, S. alterniflorapreferred more saline conditions and had a higher SOC concentration. Although raised flooding salinities (0–35 ppt) did not strongly affect SOC concentrations, elevated soil salinities significantly corresponded with low SOC concentrations and plant biomass in manipulative experiments. These findings indicated that soil salinity, plant species, and soil texture were key factors controlling SOC concentrations in the studied salt marsh. Moreover, soil salinity could affect SOC concentrations through regulating vegetation spatial structure and plant biomass production. The further invasion of the S. alternifloracommunity will exert a positive influence on SOC concentrations in the Chongming Dongtan salt marsh. Estuarine salt marshes are sedimentary environments that are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth and can continuously sequester carbon through plant production and sedimentary processes. Although sea‐level rises and saltwater intrusion may cause widespread soil salinization in estuarine ecosystems, its impact on top soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations is highly uncertain. We therefore conducted field investigations that revealed the variation in SOC concentrations along a natural salinity gradient and manipulative experiments that raised flooding salinities from freshwater (0 ppt) to seawater (35 ppt) to identify the independent impacts of soil salinity on SOC concentrations. Our findings indicated that soil salinity was an important factor controlling SOC concentrations through indirectly regulating vegetation spatial structure and plant biomass production. Soil salinity, plant species, and soil texture are key factors controlling topsoil organic carbon concentrationsSoil salinity can affect topsoil organic carbon concentrations through regulating vegetation spatial structure and plant biomass productionFurther invasion of Spartina alterniflorawill positively affect topsoil organic carbon concentrations in the Chongming Dongtan salt marsh

Summary: The relationship between column length and efficiency is theoretically derived. Based on experimental data, the validity of the relationships between peak width and retention time, and between plate height, column length and the capacity ratio is shown.