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Metal ions are important trace elements in the human body, which directly affect the human metabolism and the regeneration of damaged tissues. For instance, the advanced combination of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and bone repair materials make the composite materials have the function of promoting vascular repair and enhancing the adhesion of osteoblasts. Herein, inspired by magnets to attract metals, we utilized the coordination reaction of metal ion ligand to construct a bisphosphonate-functionalized injectable hydrogel microsphere (GelMA-BP-Mg) which could promote cancellous bone reconstruction of osteoporotic bone defect via capturing Mg2+. By grafting bisphosphonate (BP) on GelMA microspheres, GelMA-BP microspheres could produce powerful Mg2+capture ability and sustained release performance through coordination reaction, while sustained release BP has bone-targeting properties. In the injectable GelMA-BP-Mg microsphere system, the atomic percentage of captured Mg2+was 0.6%, and the captured Mg2+could be effectively released for 18 days. These proved that the composite microspheres could effectively capture Mg2+and provided the basis for the composite microspheres to activate osteoblasts and endothelial cells and inhibit osteoclasts. Both in vivoand in vitroexperimental results revealed that the magnet-inspired Mg2+-capturing composite microspheres are beneficial to osteogenesis and angiogenesis by stimulating osteoblasts and endothelial cells while restraining osteoclasts, and ultimately effectively promote cancellous bone regeneration. This study could provide some meaningful conceptions for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects on the basis of metal ions.

Background. Acupuncture is widely used in the clinical treatment of essential hypertension (EH). This overview is aimed at summarizing current systematic reviews of acupuncture for EH and assessing the methodological bias and quality of evidence. Methods. Two researchers searched and extracted 7 databases for systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) and independently assessed the methodological quality, risk of bias, reporting quality, and quality of evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in the SRs/MAs. Tools used included the measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the risk of bias in systematic (ROBIS) scale, the checklist of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), and the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Results. This overview included 14 SRs/MAs that use quantitative calculations to comprehensively assess the various effects of acupuncture in essential hypertension interventions. The methodological quality, reporting quality, risk of bias, and quality of evidence for outcome measures of SRs/MAs were all unsatisfactory. According to the results of the AMSTAR-2 assessment, all SRs/MAs were of low or very low quality. According to the results of the ROBIS evaluation, a few SRs/MAs were assessed as low risk of bias. According to the results of the PRISMA checklist assessment, SRs/MAs that were not fully reported on the checklist accounted for the majority. According to the GRADE system, 86 outcomes were assessed under different interventions in SRs/MAs, and 2 were rated as moderate-quality evidence, 23 as low-quality evidence, and 61 as very low-quality evidence. Limitations of the included SRs/MAs included the lack of necessary items, such as not being registered in the protocol, not providing a list of excluded studies, and not analyzing and addressing the risk of bias. Conclusion. Currently, acupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for EH, but the quality of evidence is low, and caution should be exercised when applying this evidence in clinical practice.

A coherently synthesized 1550/1560 nm two-color EO comb is generated by modulating two continuous-wave lasers with common EO modulators and phase-locking their beat note. Compared with a single-color EO comb, the phase noise of comb modes that accumulated from the RF synthesizer is effectively suppressed in our coherently synthesized two-color EO comb. Besides, a broader spectrum is demonstrated in a coherently synthesized 1535/1560 nm two-color EO comb, with a 60-nm total spectrum span. The coherently synthesized two-color EO combs are expected to be applied in coherent communication, spectroscopy, absolute distance measurement, etc.

In this work, we study the impact of cyclic error on the linearity of a distance measurement system based on an electro-optic (EO) comb and a heterodyne interferometer. The EO comb with 10 GHz repetition rate and 1.91 ps pulse duration is generated by modulating a 1540-nm CW laser through cascaded intensity and phase modulators. The cyclic error that induced by electromagnetic contamination from the driven signal of acoustic-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) are simulated and experimentally verified. The amplitude of the cyclic error corresponds well with numerical simulation. Through separating the optical part and electrical part, the cyclic error is effectively reduced.

We demonstrate a robust femtosecond LIDAR setup by using two free-running environmentally stable all-polarization-maintaining nonlinear amplified loop mirror mode-locked fiber lasers. Based on the asynchronous optical sampling method, a ranging accuracy of ±2 μm within 65 m has been achieved, as tested in an 80-m-long underground optical tunnel. Through the Kalman filter in real-time data processing, the measurement accuracy can be maintained at a 200 Hz update rate. This setup provides a practical tool for various large-scale industrial and astronomical ranging applications.