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Notwithstanding the noteworthy advances in its treatment, cancer remains one of the most serious threatens to humans across the world. Hydroxamic acid derivatives, the potential inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases (HDACs), could inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy, and suppress angiogenesis, invasion as well as metastasis through diverse signaling pathways. Thus, hydroxamic acid derivatives exhibit promising activity against cancers and are useful scaffolds in modern anticancer drug discovery. The purpose of the present review article is to summarize the recent developments (Jan, 2011-Jan, 2021) in hydroxamic acid derivatives with insights into their in vivo anticancer potential and mechanisms of action.