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Ordered statistics decoding has been instrumental in addressing decoding failures that persist after normalized min-sum decoding in short low-density parity-check codes. Despite its benefits, the high computational complexity of effective ordered statistics decoding has limited its application in complexity-sensitive scenarios. To mitigate this issue, we propose a novel variant of the ordered statistics decoder. This approach begins with the design of a neural network model that refines the measurement of codeword bits, utilizing iterative information from normalized min-sum decoding failures. Subsequently, a fixed decoding path is established, comprising a sequence of blocks, each featuring a variety of test error patterns. The introduction of a sliding window-assisted neural model facilitates early termination of the ordered statistics decoding process along this path, aiming to balance performance and computational complexity. Comprehensive simulations and complexity analyses demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method matches state-of-the-art approaches across various metrics, particularly excelling in reducing latency.

Novel Concept for Osteogenesis The cover picture of article 2400257by Yumei Zhang, Wen Song, and co‐workers displays a first report producing migrasome derived from M2 macrophages on nanotopography for promoting osteogenesis, which represents as novel new concept for tissue engineering. The cover design is inspired by the legendary phoenix from ancient China, symbolizing that M2 macrophage‐derived migrasome acts like the wings of the phoenix, promoting the vitality of the organism.

Biomimetic catalysis has been widely studied due to its environmentally friendly nature. In this work, Fe@POG-OH, comprising a plurality of iron–catechol-like catechol dioxygenases, was synthetized and used to photocatalyze styrene epoxidation with high selectivity and high conversion at room temperature. According to various spectroscopic and experimental results, it was revealed that Fe@POG-OHenables the activation of atmospheric O2to O2−, playing a crucial role in the effective and selective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide (100% yield and 94% selectivity). A possible mechanism for the oxidation of styrene was proposed and investigated using DFTcalculations to better understand the reaction path. The occurrence of spin crossing makes it possible to catalyze the cycle under light. The main path to generate styrene oxide is more energy efficient than the side path that generates benzaldehyde and formaldehyde, which is consistent with the experimental results. This article reports the influence of the difference in spin multiplicity on the ring formation of the side pathway for the first time, which provides guidance for investigations of the catalytic calculations of Fe coordination unsaturated complexes.

AbstractThe past 20 years have seen major public health emergencies and natural disasters, including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003; the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008; and the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) of 2019, which caused mass casualties, infections, and panic. These also resulted in complex demands for medical resources and information, and a shortage of human resources for emergency responses. To address the shortage of human resources required for these emergency responses, Chinese dental professionals made useful contributions. From this work, deficiencies in emergency response training and opportunities for the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified, and relevant recommendations made.

Utilizing collective forces between reactant and multiple catalyst molecules has been unprecedented due to the difficulty in realizing high order catalysis. Inspired by the power of collective forces in enzymes and organic catalysts, herein we report a rare example of high order catalysis for ring opening reaction (ROR) of strained rings by methanol. ROR is an important way to produce various polysiloxanes, but usually suffers from serious side reactions especially at high conversion, and currently there is a need to design new reaction pathway to achieve low molecular dispersity. In our study, the judiciously designed strained spiral cyclosiloxanes enable a high order catalysis by methanol, and this new methodology leads to a cyclic polysiloxane with high molecular weight and low dispersity even at full conversion of reactants. Kinetic study indicates an extremely unusual high‐order reaction involving multiple methanol molecules per reaction, also confirmed by quantum calculation which reveals the presence of zwitterionic ions stabilized by collecting force of hydrogen bonds by methanol molecules. The inherent driving force for this unusual phenomenon is dominated by enthalpy stabilization of the reactive intermediates through hydrogen bonding. The selective formation of SiOSi bonds, instead of silanol products, reflects the power of scientific design. Strained spiral cyclosiloxanes were designed that could selectively lead to a dimer or a cyclic polysiloxane with high molecular weight and low dispersity depending on the substitution groups. The kinetic study indicated an extremely unusual high‐order reaction involving multiple methanol molecules per reaction. This mechanism was confirmed by the quantum calculation, which revealed the presence of zwitterionic ions stabilized by collecting force of hydrogen bonds by methanol molecules.

Traditionally, Fe-SACs are prepared through energy-intense processes, which often lead to the loss of precision in structural features from the starting substrates and impeding rational design. We herein described the synthesis of a unique catechol-containing porous polymer with designed features in the substrates maintained, affording atomically dispersed iron catalyst (Fe-SAC) through treatment of ferrous chloride (FeCl2). An aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (AC-STEM) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were employed to shed light on the local coordination geometry of the atomically dispersed iron catalyst. The resulting Fe-SAC exhibits excellent catalytic performance in reduction of nitroaromatics with highest molar Kappamong all Fe based catalysts.We herein described the synthesis of a unique catechol-containing porous polymer, affording atomically dispersed iron catalyst (Fe-SAC) after treatment with ferrous chloride (FeCl2). The aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (AC-STEM) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were employed to shed light on the local geometrical environment of iron catalyst, which exhibits excellent catalytic performance in reduction of nitroaromatics.

Cyclotetrasiloxane-containing polymers are a special kind of macromolecule, but currently there is a lack of efficient ways to prepare suitable monomers. Herein, we would like to report the synthesis of a series of cyclotetrasiloxanes with two SiH groups, which are then used for preparation of various ring-containing polymers. The resulting polymers can be cured with simple organic bases to obtain transparent elastomers which leave no metal leftover and are highly thermally stable.Cyclotetrasiloxane-containing polymers are of a special kind macromolecule, but currently there is a lack of efficient way to prepare suitable monomers. Herein, we would like to report the synthesis of a series of cyclotetrasiloxanes with two SiH groups, which are then used for preparation of various ring-containing polymers. The resulting polymers can be cured with simple organic bases to obtain transparent elastomers, which have no metal leftover and is highly thermally stable.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of early stenting (≤14 days) or late stenting (>14 days) in patients who underwent intracranial stent placement.MethodsPatients with ischemic stroke caused by 70–99% intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis combined with poor collaterals were enrolled. The early stenting group, who underwent stenting within 14 days of last ischemic symptoms, were compared with the late stenting group who underwent stenting >14 days from last ischemic symptom. The patients were treated either with a balloon-mounted stent or a self-expanding stent as determined by the operators following a guideline. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen stroke patients were recruited into the study. Four patients (4/41) in the early stenting group and two patients (2/74) in the late stenting group were diagnosed with a cerebral vascular event associated with stenting within 3 days (p=0.184). In the long-term follow-up, eight patients in the early stenting group had restenosis ≥50%, which was higher than patients in the late stenting group (8/41 vs 4/74, p=0.018). The total rates of any ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, hemorrhagic stroke, and death in the early stenting group were higher than in the late stenting group (9/41 vs 6/74, p=0.035). The recurrence rate of ischemic stroke in the early stenting group was higher than in the late stenting group (5/41 vs 2/74, p=0.041).ConclusionsStent placement in the setting of ischemic stroke caused by intracranial artery stenosis within 14 days may confer a higher risk of long-time cerebral vascular events and lead to a higher risk of restenosis.Clinical trial registrationNCT01968122.

Converting natural graphite to high-performance graphene films is very attractive due to graphite's abundance. However, this conversion is challenging to do inexpensively and under ambient conditions. One of the major challenges is how to design the interface between adjacent graphene nanosheets to integrate high strength, high toughness, and high conductivity into graphene films. Here, we demonstrate that a long-chain π-π bonding agent can bridge reduced graphene oxide nanosheets into ultrastrong, supertough, and highly conductive graphene films. The strain dependence of Raman frequency shift and molecular dynamics simulations together reveal the strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Additionally, the long-chain π-bridging induces substantial improvement in the graphene nanosheet alignment. The tensile strength and toughness are 1,054 MPa and 36 MJ/m3, surpassing those of reported graphene films. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity reaches 1,192 S/cm, comparable with high-temperature annealed graphene films. The bioinspired strategy opens an avenue for the assembly of nanoscale building blocks into high-performance films.

MiR-128, one of the most enriched miRNAs in the human brain, has been reported to protect MCAO mice via inhibiting P38α MAPK. Whether it is involved in pathogenesis in acute ischemic stroke patients remains to be determined. The present study focused on the clinical importance of miR-128 and its underlying mechanisms. We detected miR-128 levels in the circulating lymphocytes, neutrophils, and plasma of acute ischemic stroke patients by using RT-PCR. miR-128 levels were significantly elevated in circulating lymphocytes, neutrophils, and plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke. In addition, miR-128 levels in circulating lymphocytes correlated positively with the infarction volume, NIHSS scores at 7 days and mRS at 90 days after ischemic stroke onset. Subsequent KEGG pathway analysis showed that the MAPK signaling pathway and cell cycle are among the pathways targeted by miR-128. Although no correlation was found between miR-128 in plasma and peripheral inflammatory cell numbers, miR-128 decreased in the penumbra and increased in the infarction core of ipsilateral brain tissues in MCAO mice. Moreover, an in vitro study demonstrated that miR-128 antagomir aggravated primary neuronal damage and exacerbated cell cycle reactivation induced by OGD/R stimulation; the underlying mechanism involved increasing cyclin A2, PTEN, and ERK expression and promoting phosphorylation of PTEN and ERK. From the above results, we concluded that the upregulation of miR-128 in circulating lymphocytes of acute ischemic stroke patients was correlated with stroke severity and miR-128 antagomir exacerbated ischemia-reperfusion induced neuronal injury via promoting neuronal cell cycle reentry.

The titanium implant surface topography optimization for improving osseointegration has been performed for many years, whereas understanding the mechanisms of topography-induced osteogenic differentiation is still insufficient. In this study, the micro/nano-textured topography was created on titanium implant surface by acid etching and anodization. The MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with different surfaces and the RNA sequencing technique was performed to obtain the transcriptomic information, which suggested the enrichment at “membrane” and “organelle” (GO) as well as “Calcium signal pathway” (KEGG). Consequently, a special attention was paid to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated by Orai1 at ER-PM contact site. By fluorescence staining and western blot, it was confirmed that the Orai1 was upregulated on the micro/nano-textured titanium surface, which was correlated to the enhanced osteogenic differentiation induced by topography. Further experiments indicated that the CaMKII/ERK1/2 pathway was involved in. This research is the first time giving a comprehensive transcriptomic information of osteoblasts on micro/nano-textured topography and may provide deeper insight into the interaction between biomaterials and host.

Abstract: Allocation efficiency is an important performance index to measure the quality of the allocation algorithm. In order to compute the efficiency, the volume of the subset of attainable moments must be solved. The efficiency of the redistributed pseudo inverse (RPI) algorithm depends on the choice of the pseudo-inverse matrix. The subset of attainable moments of RPI is a complex non-convex polyhedron. By analyzing two-dimensional and three-dimensional allocation problems with a “micro-element” method, here we propose an approximate calculation algorithm to compute the volume of the non-convex polyhedron. In order to improve the allocation efficiency of RPI, genetic algorithm is used to find the best pseudo-inverse matrix. The simulation results show that the best pseudo-inverse matrix can be easily chosen by the proposed method and the high allocation efficiency is achieved.

In this study, a sandwich‐type electrochemical enzyme‐based LNA‐modified DNA biosensor was developed to detect relative gene in chronic Myelogenous Leukemia first. This biosensor is based on a ‘sandwich’ detection strategy, which involves a pair of probes (a capture probe immobilized at the electrode surface and a reporter probe labeled biotin as an affinity tag for avidin‐HRP) modified LNA. Since biotin can be connected with avidin‐HRP, this biosensor offers an enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal for the detection of target DNA. This new pattern exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity, and this biosensor has been used for an assay of PCR real sample with satisfactory result.

An electropolymerized film of eriochrome black T (EBT) has been prepared at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The poly(EBT) membrane at GCE exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of epinephrine (EP), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in acidic solution and reduced the overpotential for the oxidation of EP. The poly(EBT)-coated electrode could separately detect EP, AA and UA in their mixture with the potential differences of 180 and 160 mV for EP-AA and UA-EP, respectively, which are large enough to allow for determination of EP in the presence of AA and UA. Using differential pulse voltammetry, the peak current of EP recorded in pH 3.5 solution was linearly dependent on EP’s concentration in the range of 2.5 - 50 μM. Due to its good selectivity and stability, the polymer-coated GCE was successfully applied to the determination of EP in real samples.