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Security early warning is crucial for resisting power system risk. To deal with renewable uncertainty, offline trained early-warning models need to be evolved incrementally. Catastrophic forgetting is main obstacle of model evolution. With the evolution times of early-warning models increasing, the capability of existing methods to mitigate catastrophic forgetting gradually decreases. Knowledge distillation can transfer the learned knowledge from the previous model to the updated model. To mitigate catastrophic forgetting, an incremental model evolution method for security early warning based on knowledge distillation and active learning is proposed. First, an incremental style-based generative adversarial network is formulated to generate renewable power scenarios, which utilizes knowledge distillation to retain previously learned knowledge. An improved concept drift detection method is proposed to determine model evolution moment. Then, an incremental deep regression model based on stacked target-related denoising autoencoder and knowledge distillation is constructed to assess system security index. Finally, active learning is deployed to select informative new samples and solve the objective conflict problem of knowledge distillation. Simulation results of a provincial grid in China demonstrate that proposed method can constantly improve early warning accuracy and effectively retain knowledge learned by previous samples. The proposed method can improve the adaptability of early-warning models to actual power system operating conditions, which enhances the intelligence level of security analysis to copy with renewable uncertainty.

· Be the first to have an overview of NVO materials family, which is a promising materials category for energy storage systems. · Summarize with an insight into crystal structures, morphologies, mechanisms and the electrochemical energy storage performances. · Discuss the electrochemical behaviors, which provide further insight into metal-ion storage mechanisms in NVO materials family. [Display omitted] Developing high-capacity and low-cost cathode materials for metal-ion rechargeable batteries is the mainstream trend and is also the key to providing breakthroughs in making high-energy rechargeable batteries. Vanadium has a variety of valence states and can form a variety of vanadate structures. As a typical positive electrode material, vanadate has abundant ion adsorption sites, a unique "pillar" framework, and a typical layered structure. Therefore, it has the advantages of high specific capacity and excellent rate performance, possessing the prospect of being a large-capacity energy storage material. In this review, we focus on applications of sodium vanadium oxides (NVO) in electrical energy storage (EES) devices and summarize sodium vanadate materials from three aspects, including crystal structure, electrochemical performance, and energy storage mechanism. The recent progress of NVO-based high-performance energy storage materials along with nanostructured design strategies was provided and discussed as well. This review is intended to serve as general guidance for researchers to develop desirable sodium vanadate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the scale of power systems expands, the penetration of renewable energy sources and power electronic devices are accelerating. With the growing complexity of power system, there is an urgent need for in-depth research on the impact of reactive power on static voltage stability. This paper proposes a quantitative assessment approach of static voltage stability for the power system with high-penetration wind power based on the energy function. A quantitative assessment framework for voltage stability indices based on power flow analysis has been established. The classic static voltage stability index L based on reactive power has been comprehensively analyzed. Additionally, combining the energy function and power flow analysis, a new quantitative index for voltage stability based on bus reactive power injection has been proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of this index has been validated by case studies. With the increasing penetration of wind power, the trend of the change of the assessment index of voltage margin is analyzed.

We studied 1110 patients with β-thalassemia major aged ≤25 years who received transplants with grafts from HLA-matched related (n = 677; 61%), HLA-mismatched related (n = 78; 7%), HLA-matched unrelated (n = 252; 23%), and HLA-mismatched unrelated (n = 103; 9%) donors between 2000 and 2016. Ninety percent of transplants were performed in the last decade. Eight-five percent of patients received ≥20 transfusions and 88% were inadequately chelated. All patients received myeloablative-conditioning regimen. Overall and event-free survival were highest for patients aged ≤6 years and after HLA-matched related and HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation. The 5-year probabilities of overall survival for patients aged ≤6 years, 7 to 15 years, and 16 to 25 years, adjusted for donor type and conditioning regimen were 90%, 84%, and 63%, respectively (P< .001). The corresponding probabilities for event-free survival were 86%, 80%, and 63% (P< .001). Overall and event-free survival did not differ between HLA-matched related and HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation (89% vs 87% and 86% vs 82%, respectively). Corresponding probabilities after mismatched related and mismatched unrelated donor transplantation were 73% vs 83% and 70% vs 78%. In conclusion, if transplantation is considered as a treatment option it should be offered early (age ≤6 years). An HLA-matched unrelated donor is a suitable alternative if an HLA-matched relative is not available.

We studied 1110 patients with β-thalassemia major aged ≤25 years who received transplants with grafts from HLA-matched related (n = 677; 61%), HLA-mismatched related (n = 78; 7%), HLA-matched unrelated (n = 252; 23%), and HLA-mismatched unrelated (n = 103; 9%) donors between 2000 and 2016. Ninety percent of transplants were performed in the last decade. Eight-five percent of patients received ≥20 transfusions and 88% were inadequately chelated. All patients received myeloablative-conditioning regimen. Overall and event-free survival were highest for patients aged ≤6 years and after HLA-matched related and HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation. The 5-year probabilities of overall survival for patients aged ≤6 years, 7 to 15 years, and 16 to 25 years, adjusted for donor type and conditioning regimen were 90%, 84%, and 63%, respectively (P < .001). The corresponding probabilities for event-free survival were 86%, 80%, and 63% (P < .001). Overall and event-free survival did not differ between HLA-matched related and HLA-matched unrelated donor transplantation (89% vs 87% and 86% vs 82%, respectively). Corresponding probabilities after mismatched related and mismatched unrelated donor transplantation were 73% vs 83% and 70% vs 78%. In conclusion, if transplantation is considered as a treatment option it should be offered early (age ≤6 years). An HLA-matched unrelated donor is a suitable alternative if an HLA-matched relative is not available.

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Dynamic behaviour of frequency is crucial for power system operation and control. Several frequency response models have been proposed to reveal frequency dynamics from different aspects. A comprehensive software package incorporating major frequency response models is needed for analysis and control of power system frequency dynamics. In this paper, an approach for developing a programmable and open software package for frequency response studies is proposed. The framework of the package is extendable with reduced frequency response models. Essential models for frequency response study are included, e.g., generator, load, and under-frequency load shedding (UFLS). The provided application program interfaces (APIs) enable simulation with high-level languages by calling dynamic link library and makes the package programmable. An advanced application module is developed for quantitative assessment of transient frequency deviation. APIs can also be used for model extension and secondary development. To demonstrate the usage of the package, several examples are illustrated to explain how to perform simulations with the package, and to perform advanced applications using scripting with the provided APIs.

To describe a process for adapting a supportive care clinical practice guideline (CPG) for use in a middle income country setting. We reviewed different approaches for CPG adaptation and created a straight-forward approach for adapting supportive care guidelines for use in Shenzhen, China. The initial CPG to be adapted was for the empiric management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. The steps to be used in adaptation were as follows: review of local guideline; understanding local clinical pathways and contexts through interviews; development of worksheets to facilitate adaptation decisions; deliberation of guideline recommendations in focus groups; and drafting of the adapted FN CPG. After several iterations, stakeholders agreed upon a final adapted guideline. We described an approach to adaptation of a supportive care CPG for the middle income country setting of Shenzhen, China. Although we believe this work has broad applicability, this approach requires rigorous evaluation, both in terms of methodology and the validity of the adapted guideline. Future work will evaluate implementation of the adapted CPG.

Objective Recent therapeutic advances have greatly enhanced the survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma (NB). However, the outcomes of neuroblastoma patients in China, particularly those with high-risk (HR) NB, remain limited.Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and outcomes of NB patients who were treated at a tertiary pediatric cancer facility in China between January 2013 and October 2021.Results A total of 117 NB patients were recruited. Patients with very low-risk (VLR), low-risk (LR), intermediate-risk (IR), and HR-NB patients made up 4%, 27%, 15%, and 54% of total patient population, respectively. Patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 were treated according to the protocol of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center and those diagnosed between 2019 and 2021 were treated according to the COG ANBL0531 or ANBL0532 protocol with or without autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The 5-year EFS and OS of all risk groups of patients were 67.29% and 77.90%, respectively. EFS and OS were significantly decreased in patients with higher risk classifications (EFS: VLR/LR vs IR vs HR: 97.22% vs 67.28% vs 51.83%; ***P = .001; OS: VLR/LR vs IR vs HR: 97.06% vs 94.12% vs 64.38%; *P = .046). In HR-NB patients treated according to the COG protocol between 2019 and 2021, the 3-year OS of patients who received tandem ASCT was significantly greater than those who did not receive ASCT (93.33% % vs 47.41%; *P = .046; log-rank test). EFS was not significantly different between patients with and without ASCT (72.16% vs 60.32%).Conclusion Our findings show that patients with lower risk classification have a positive prognosis for survival. The prognosis of patients with HR-NB remains in need of improvement. ASCT may enhance OS in HR-NB patients; however, protocol adjustment may be necessary to increase EFS in these patients.

Metal sulfides are considered as potential anode candidates for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) and hybrid capacitors (PIHCs) due to their abundant energy reserves and decent theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, sulfide has severe volume expansion and slow kinetic reactions, resulting in unsatisfactory electrochemical properties. Herein, we have prepared both internal ultra-small ZnS nanoparticle cores and Fe-N-C shells (ZnS@FeNC), which exhibit excellent K+storage properties, by a " kill two birds with one stone " approach. The synergistic effect between the ultra-small ZnS nanoparticles and the Fe-N-C network was verified as the origin of the enhanced K+storage. The presence of the Fe-N-C bond can effectively enhance the potassium energy storage property of ZnS. More specifically, the Fe-N-C backbone alleviates the volume change of ZnS nanoparticles and facilitates the diffusion of KFSI electrolytes and the insertion/extraction of K+. When applied as PIBs, the ZnS@FeNC presents excellent specific capacity (471 mAh g−1under 0.1 A g−1), stable cycling capability (0.011% capacity decay per cycle under 1 A g−1). More importantly, the PIHC devices exhibit the coexistence of excellent energy density (142.88 Wh kg−1at 200.5 W kg−1) and excellent-power density (10025 W kg−1with 36.1 Wh kg−1retained) with ultra-long lifespan (88% capacity retention at 1 A g−1after 3000 cycles). This unique structural design of this KFSI electrode provides indispensable guidance for energy storage materials.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a cure for patients suffering from thalassemia major (TM). Historically, patients were limited by the selection of donors, while the advancement of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) has greatly expanded the donor pool. However, the outcomes of haplo-SCT in TM recipients vary between different programs. In this study, we retrospectively studied 73 pediatric TM patients (median age, 7 years; range, 3 to 14 years) who underwent haplo-cord transplantation. Both the estimated overall survival and transfusion-free survival were 95.26% (CI 95.77% to 96.23%). Neither primary nor secondary graft failures were observed. The median follow-up period was 811 days (range, 370 to 1433 days). Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times were 22 days (range, 8 to 48 days) and 20 days (range, 8 to 99 days), respectively. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was observed in 52% of patients and of these, 25% developed grade III to IV aGVHD. Cord blood engraftment was associated with delayed immune recovery and increased aGVHD severity. Viral DNAemia occurred in a relatively high proportion of patients but only 7% of patients developed CMV disease, while another 7% of patients had post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Long-term complication outcomes were good. Only one patient developed extensive chronic GVHD. No surviving patients were reliant on blood transfusion by the time this manuscript was submitted. This is one of the largest studies on the outcomes of pediatric TM patients who received stem cell transplantations from alternative donors. The haplo-cord program is safe and practical for TM patients that do not have matched donors.

Wing: Miltenyi Biotec: Employment.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Wing: Miltenyi Biotec: Employment.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with core binding factor (CBF) AML generally have a favorable prognosis, but the appropriate intensity of chemotherapy and number of courses are still key points for further exploration by the different leukemic group. Our prospective multicenter clinical study was designed to use high intensity, 4-courses of chemotherapy (backbone of MRC AML 15 protocol) to treat childhood CBF-AML and to observe the feasibility and effectiveness in China.

Background:Unrelated cord blood (UCB) transplant (UCBT) is not recommended in patients with thalassemia major (TM) so far. Post-transplant (PT) Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) with long pre-transplant immunosuppression therapy have improved haploidentical peripheral blood (PB) stem cell transplant (haplo-SCT) survival in TM patients but with 2/31 primary rejection. So, we designed a novel dual transplantation of UCBT following haplo-SCTwith PTCy(NF-14-TM-CT protocol).

Sibling donor transplantation (SDT) is a proven curative therapy for patients with thalassemia major (TM), NF-08-TM protocol improved the outcomes of unrelated donor transplantation (UDT) in single-center. This study aim was to determine whether outcomes of NF-08-TM protocol could be proved in multicenter and long-term follow-up and to compare the outcomes of full-matched (FM) and one-locus mismatch (WM) UDT. 586 patients from 4 pediatric BMT centers in China from Dec. 2008 to Jun. 2016 received NF-08-TM protocol, a newly designed Busulfan following Cyclophosphamide and constant cell dose protocol. With a median follow-up of 57 months (range, 21-116), the 9-year OS, TFS, GR, and TRM were 94.4%, 92.8%, 2.7%, and 5.6%, respectively, in total. The corresponding rates for SDTs (n=224) were 95.9%, 95.5%, 1.4% and 4.1%; for UDTs (n=275) were 92.4%, 89.9%, 4.3% and 7.6%; for parental donor transplantation (PDT, n=40) were 95.0%, 95.0%, 0% and 5.0%; and for cord blood transplantation (CBT, n=47) were 97.9%, 95.4%, 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively.The incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD, III-IV aGVHD, mild cGVHD and moderate/severe cGVHD of the entire cohort was 8.9%, 4.6%, 3.7%, and 1.4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (SSD) in OS, TFS, TRM, and GR when comparing FM-SDTs with those of FM-PDTs, FM-UDTs or FM-CBTs. Among PDTs, no SSD was found in OS, TFS, TRM, GR, and GVHD in comparison of FM-PDTs and WM-PDTs. More moderate/severe cGVHD occurred in WM-UDTs than FM-UDTs. Compared FM-SDTs, WM-UDTs had worse OS, TFS, TRM, and a higher rate of grade II-IV aGVHD and cGVHD. Current study proved that Good outcomes of NF-08-TM protocol in single-center be proved in multicenter and long-term follow-up. Compared to the outcomes of FM-UDT) those of well-UDT was worse and was not recommended to thalassemia patients.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Dvorak: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Chimerix, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Shenoy:Novartis, Vertex, Bluebird Bio: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Walters:Sangamo Therapeutics: Consultancy; bluebird bio: Research Funding; ViaCord Processing Lab: Other: Medical Director; AllCells Inc.: Other: Medical Director.

Objectives:To exam the outcomes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on Berlin-Frankfürt-Münster (BFM) International ALL- based protocol, GD 2008ALL protocol.

Objective: Complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy was one of the important prognostic factors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Intensive induction regimen have potential of increasing the CR rate, but also followed high risk of treatment related mortality (TRM). This multicenter nonrandom clinical study is to evaluate the early efficacy and safety of induction regimen of FLAG-IDA and DAE in the treatment of childhood de novo acute myeloid leukemia in south of China.

Background: For patients with beta-thalassemia major (TM), the optimization of both blood-transfusion and iron-chelation has resulted in a remarkable improvement in the life expectancy and the gene therapy has showed a good prospect,however, only allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) currently remains a curative therapy. Although experiences on leukemia proved that HLA matched alternative-donor transplant (MAT), including matched unrelated-donor transplant (MUT)and matched parent-donor transplant MPT), had similar outcomes as matched sibling transplant (MST), a large-cohort multicenter TM-MAT study has not yet been reported.Hence, we designed the current study.

Under frequency load shedding (UFLS) is an important measure to tackle with frequency drop caused by load-generation imbalance. In existing schemes, loads are shed by relays in a discontinuous way, which is the major reason leading to under-shedding and over-shedding problems. With the application of power electronics technology, some loads can be controlled continuously, and it is possible to improve the UFSL with continuous loads. This paper proposes an UFLS scheme by shedding loads continuously. The load shedding amount is proportional to frequency deviation before frequency reaches its minimum during transient process. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is analysed with analytical system frequency response model. The impacts of governor droop, system inertia, and frequency threshold on the performance of the proposed UFLS scheme are discussed. Cases are demonstrated to validate the proposed scheme by comparing it with conventional UFLS schemes.

With more and more frequency-related devices interconnected into power grid, accurate frequency estimation becomes important for power system electro-mechanical simulations. This paper reviewed the methods for calculation of bus frequency including difference method, difference method with low-pass filter. Trapezoidal method and damping trapezoidal method which are commonly used in numerical computation are also discussed in this paper for the calculation of bus frequency. In order to analyze advantages and disadvantages of these methods in the aspect of numerical accuracy and stability, a comparison is made on their amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics. Voltage angle samples from both ideal function and numerical simulation are provided to test the performance of these methods on estimating bus frequency.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.