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This paper proposes the solution to reduce the energy consumption of forming machine for the composite stringer manufacturing by applying the lean manufacturing techniques. The lean techniques such as standard operating procedures, single minute exchange of dies, external set-up based on production efficiency improvement are used to optimize the stringer manufacturing process. The improved set-up is performed during machine operation to reduce cycle time thus, enable continuous production of various stringers. As a result, the cycle time of development machine having the process improvement effects is reduced by 84.8%. In order to achieve this, the development machine is consisted of two lower stations, upper chamber, auto side indexes and quick centering devices. The work process is simplified by applying automatic machine instead of conventional machine. As well as the improved method produced two composite stringer in one cycle, it could reduce the machine energy consumption and increase the productivity.

Carbon and metal oxide composites have received considerable attention as anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their excellent cycling stability and high specific capacity based on the chemical and physical stability of carbon and the high theoretical specific capacity of metal oxides. However, efforts to obtain ultrafast cycling stability in carbon and metal oxide composites at high current density for practical applications still face important challenges because of the longer Li-ion diffusion pathway, which leads to poor ultrafast performance during cycling. Here, tunneled mesoporous carbon nanofibers with embedded ZnO nanoparticles (TMCNF/ZnO) are synthesized by electrospinning, carbonization, and postcalcination. The optimized TMCNF/ZnO shows improved electrochemical performance, delivering outstanding ultrafast cycling stability, indicating a higher specific capacity than previously reported ZnO-based anode materials in LIBs. Therefore, the unique architecture of TMCNF/ZnO has potential for use as an anode material in ultrafast LIBs.

Metal oxides as anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are of significant interest to many potential technologies because of their high theoretical capacity value, low price, and environmentally friendly features. In spite of these considerable benefits and ongoing progress in the field, momentous challenges exist, related with structural disintegration due to volume expansion of electrode materials. This leads to rapid capacity decline and must be resolved in order to progress for realistic utilization of LIBs with ultrafast cycling stability. This article proposes a novel architecture of Sb-doped SnO2nanoparticles sandwiched between carbon nanofiber and carbon skin (CNF/ATO/C) using electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. The CNF/ATO/C exhibits superb electrochemical behavior such as high specific capacity and outstanding cycling stability (705 mA h g–1after 100 cycles), outstanding high-rate performance (411 mA h g–1at 2000 mA g–1), and ultrafast cycling stability (347 mA h g–1at 2000 mA g–1after 100 cycles), which is high compared to any reported value using SnO2-based anode materials. Thus, this unique architecture furnishes profitable effects, including electroactive sites, structural stability, and electrical conductivity, which can potentially be realizes for ultrafast LIBs.

Carbon-encapsulated hollow porous vanadium-oxide (C/HPV2O5) nanofibers have been fabricated using electrospinning and postcalcination. By optimized postcalcination of vanadium-nitride and carbon-nanofiber composites at 400 °C for 30 min, we synthesized a unique architecture electrode with interior void spaces and well-defined pores as well as a uniform carbon layer on the V2O5nanofiber surface. The optimized C/HPV2O5electrode postcalcined at 400 °C for 30 min showed improved lithium storage properties with high specific discharge capacities, excellent cycling durability (241 mA h g–1at 100 cycles), and improved high-rate performance (155 mA h g–1at 1000 mA g–1), which is the highest performance in comparison with previously reported V2O5-based cathode materials. The improved electrochemical feature is due to the attractive properties of the carbon-encapsulated hollow porous structure: (I) excellent cycling durability with high specific capacity relative to the adoption of carbon encapsulation as a physical buffer layer and the effective accommodation of volume changes due to the hollow porous structure, (II) improved high-rate performance because of a shorter Li-ion diffusion pathway resulting from interior void spaces and well-defined pores at the surface. This unique electrode structure can potentially provide new cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

In the present study, we developed a polypropylene well-integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) platform to perform the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for real-time DNA amplification and detection simultaneously. An amplification-coupled detection system directly measures the photon number changes based on the generation of magnesium pyrophosphate and color changes. The photon number decreases during the amplification process. The CMOS image sensor observes the photons and converts into digital units with the aid of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). In addition, UV-spectral studies, optical color intensity detection, pH analysis, and electrophoresis detection were carried out to prove the efficiency of the CMOS sensor based the LAMP system. Moreover, Clostridium perfringenswas utilized as proof-of-concept detection for the new system. We anticipate that this CMOS image sensor-based LAMP method will enable the creation of cost-effective, label-free, optical, real-time and portable molecular diagnostic devices.

In this study, a homogeneous one-step immunoassay based on switching peptides is presented for the detection of influenza viruses A and B (Inf-A and Inf-B, respectively). The one-step immunoassay represents an immunoassay method that does not involve any washing steps, only treatment of the sample. In this method, fluorescence-labeled switching peptides quantitatively dissociate from the antigen-binding site of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In particular, the one-step immunoassay based on soluble detection antibodies with switching peptides is called a homogeneous one-step immunoassay. The immunoassay developed uses switching peptides labeled with two types of fluorescence dyes (FAM and TAMRA) and detection antibodies labeled with two types of fluorescence quenchers (TQ2 for FAM and TQ3 for TAMRA). The optimal switching peptides for the detection of Inf-A and Inf-B have been selected as L1-peptide and H2-peptide. The interactions between the four kinds of switching peptides and IgG have been analyzed using computational docking simulation and SPR biosensor. The location of labeling for the fluorescence quenchers has been determined based on the distance between the fluorescence dyes of the switching peptides and the fluorescence quenchers, calculated on the basis of the efficiency of fluorescence quenching, using the Förster equation. To demonstrate the feasibility of the one-step immunoassay, binding constants (KD) have been calculated for detection antibodies against Inf-A and Inf-B with target antigens (Inf-A and Inf-B) and switching peptides (L1- and H2-peptides), using an isotherm model. The immunoassay has been demonstrated to be feasible using antigens as well as real samples of Inf-A and Inf-B with a critical cycle number (Ct). The immunoassay has also been compared to other commercially available rapid test kits for Inf-A and Inf-B and found to be far more sensitive for detection of Inf-A and Inf-B over the entire detection range.

High density plasma etching of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films was performed in HBr∕Argas mix. As HBr concentration increased, the etch rate was decreased and etch profile was improved. The high degree of etch anisotropy was achieved with decreasing dc-bias voltage and increasing gas pressure. The formation of protective layer, which had a strong effect on the etch profile, was confirmed by surface analyses. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the formation of InBr3and ZnBr2compounds. It could be concluded that the etching of IZO films in HBr∕Arplasma was governed by ion sputtering along with chemical assistance.