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Whether the reported high risk of age-related diseases in HIV-infected people is caused by biological ageing or HIV-associated risk factors such as chronic immune activation and low-grade inflammation is unknown. We assessed time trends in age-standardised and relative risks of nine serious age-related diseases in a nationwide cohort study of HIV-infected individuals and population controls.

To investigate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding interleukin-7 receptor (IL7RA) as predictors for CD4T-cell change after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected whites.

The relative impact of immune deficiency and lifestyle-related factors on risk of cancer in the HIV-infected population is controversial. We aimed to estimate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) associated with smoking, being HIV-infected and with immune deficiency.

To estimate annual employment rates and disability retirement rates (DRRs) among HIV-infected individuals and population controls during the period 1996–2011.

Background We hypothesized that rates and reasons for treatment modifications have changed since the implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) due to improvements in therapy.Methods From a nationwide population-based cohort study we identified all HIV-1-infected adults who initiated cART in Denmark 1997–2009 and were followed =1 year. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and reasons for treatment modifications were estimated and compared between patients, who initiated treatment in 1997–1999, 2000–2004 and 2005–2009. Rates of discontinuation of individual antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were evaluated.Results A total of 3,107 patients were followed for a median of 7.3 years (IQR 3.8–10.8). Rates of first treatment modification =1 year after cART initiation did not change (IRR 0.88 [95% CI 0.78, 1.01] and 1.03 [95% CI 0.90, 1.18] in 2000–2004 and 2005–2009, respectively, compared with 1997–1999). Rates of multiple modifications decreased markedly (2000–2004 IRR 0.60 [95% CI 0.53, 0.67] and 2005–2009 IRR 0.38 [95% CI 0.32, 0.46]). Rates of treatment modifications due to virological failure, toxicity and other/unknown reasons decreased (IRR 0.25 [95% CI 0.14, 0.45], 0.69 [95% CI 0.56, 0.83] and 0.45 [95% CI 0.36, 0.57], respectively, in 2005–2009 compared with 1997–1999), whereas the rate of modifications with the aim of simplification increased (IRR 1.85 [95% CI 1.52, 2.25]).Conclusions Rates of first treatment modification =1 year after cART initiation have not changed since the early cART era, whereas the risk of multiple modifications has decreased markedly. Modifications due to virological failure and toxicity have decreased substantially, whereas rates of switch to simpler and less toxic regimens have increased.

Poor CD4 response to antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is associated with increased mortality. We analyzed the impact of CD4 increase on non-AIDS-related morbidity and on mortality in HIV patients and their parents.

We aimed to assess retention of HIV-infected individuals in the Danish healthcare system over a 15-year period.

To compare fracture risk in persons with and without HIV infection and to examine the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation on risk of fracture.