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For years, residents in northeastern Ecuador's Amazonian city of Lago Agrio demanded the expansion of water and sanitation services to peri-urban neighborhoods. Community members regularly filed claims, made demands at town hall meetings, spoke directly to policymakers during neighborhood tours, and assembled an extensive quantitative and qualitative database on the everyday challenges of precarious access to water and sanitation. Their demands were clear: municipal and national governments must use state revenue to improve water and sanitation networks. Engaging an ordinary citizenship framework, this article forwards an interpretation of these actions as ordinary environmentalcitizenship. Residents dictate how they envisage the role of the Ecuadorian state through citizenship practices that respond to their community's environmental conditions. This article posits that the embodiment of socio-environmental citizenship represented in Lago Agrio is reproduced through relationships cultivated in every day, routine, ordinary experiences textured by a shared sense of insecure access to water and sanitation. Lago Agrians contest exclusion and demand the state use broad financial redistribution to improve and expand public water and sanitation infrastructure.

When Maria Teresa Lago logs on to Microsoft Teams from her home in Geneva, she does so with her infant son on her lap. Every person is different, every person with a disability is different, every disability is different, but once you spend enough time around people with disabilities, you do start to pick up on patterns. Since giving birth to her son, Teresa's been on maternity leave and working part-time for UNDP, but she's still a fulltime advocate for diversity and inclusion, continually educating herself and others about disability and accessibility. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by investigators from Federal University in Porto Velho, Brazil, analyzed the role of the Cooperative of Farmers and Fishermen of the Lago do Cuniã Extractive Reserve (COOPCUNIã) in the inclusion of residents in the alligator meat value chain. The study found that the cooperative contributes to the inclusion of extractivist residents in the value chain, generating income and reducing poverty. It also improves the quality of life for the local population and provides access to technology and markets. This research highlights the social and economic benefits for isolated regions with low productive development and emphasizes the importance of balancing economic, social, and environmental factors in the Amazon. [Extracted from the article]

Presentamos 4 pacientes con glaucoma de ángulo abierto no controlado y cataratas, y un paciente con glaucoma uveítico secundario a heterocromía de Fuchs. Todos ellos fueron intervenidos mediante facoemulsificación y esclerectomía profunda no perforante con 5-fluoracilo. Dos de los pacientes presentaron hematoma en el lago escleral a las 24h tras la cirugía, otros 2 a la semana y uno de ellos a las 2 semanas de la intervención. El hematoma se diagnosticó mediante gonioscopia en todos los casos. Además todos presentaron la presión intraocular elevada.

Copyright of Il Polo is the property of Istituto Geografico Polare Silvio Zavatti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geological investigations carried out on the Dahra Massif have revealed sedimentary changes and bioevents characterizing the post-gypsum detrital sediments (from Messinian to Piacenzian), which are followed by the Trubi equivalent Pliocene marls or white marly limestones.

According to current hypotheses of Neogene paleoenvironmental evolution of the Mediterranean, during the terminal phase of the Messinian salinity crisis about 5.5 Ma, the entire basin was characterized by the development of non-marine paleobiotopes inhabited by brackish ostracods, mollusks and dinocysts. Such a scenario, commonly known as the ‘Lago Mare’ event, is considered to be the product of the combined effects of humid climate conditions and a remarkably modified drainage pattern with the capture of Paratethyan brackish waters. Some recent studies, however, have suggested that such a scenario represents an oversimplification of the original paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental context. In this paper, we report the ‘Lago Mare’ fish assemblages from seven Italian localities. These fish assemblages are dominated by taxa characterized by a strict marine affinity, thereby suggesting that the Mediterranean was filled by marine waters. Fossil fishes provide unambiguous evidence of the presence of normal marine conditions in the Mediterranean before the Messinian-Zanclean boundary, also demonstrating that a new paleoenvironmental interpretation of the ‘Lago Mare’ event is needed. The fossil record of the ‘Lago Mare’ event and the paleoecological relevance of fish remains for the interpretation of the nature of the Mediterranean water masses are also discussed.

The collapse or evacuation of residential buildings due to not withstanding gravitational loads has caused not only loss of human lives but also economic damages. They are also a significant detriment to the engineering profession’s reputation. Therefore, it is essential for the engineering community to analyze the causes of these failures and document each case to learn from mistakes and prevent them from happening again. In recent years, construction has increased considerably in developing countries such as Colombia. Reinforced concrete construction is often preferred due to faster material supply and availability of labor compared to steel structures. With this increase in construction, work control has not been adequate, and problems have been founded in some buildings in cities such as Medellin, Cartagena, Rionegro, among others. This paper summarizes the aspects that were taken into account for the study of pathology and vulnerability of a 19-story reinforced concrete building in the municipality of Rionegro, Antioquia, which, due to the findings, had to be subsequently demolished. The analyzes carried out along with field and laboratory studies are presented. Some of the aspects found were incorrect analysis and design criteria, poor quality of materials, and poor aspects of supervision. This paper also aims to make a reflection about some bad practices and common errors that are developed in structural engineering consulting firms, as well as in the construction practice.

Los lagos de alta montaña, con una baja mineralización, alcalinidad y contenido de nutrientes, son ecosistemas sensibles a perturbaciones naturales o antropogénicas y en la actualidad están amenazados por el calentamiento global. En México existen dos lagos de alta montaña (> 3,800 m snm): La Luna y El Sol, en el cráter del Nevado de Toluca. Análisis de parámetros químicos y de diatomeas en sedimentos superficiales permiten identificar que La Luna es más ácido y menos mineralizado que El Sol y que a pesar de su proximidad geográfica cada lago tiene un conjunto de diatomeas característico, con menor abundancia y riqueza específica en La Luna. En este lago dominan Encyonema perpusillumy Psammothidium helveticumy en El Sol Cavinula pseudoscutiformis, Psammothidium levanderiy Aulacoseira distans.Con base en esta distribución se interpreta el registro de diatomeas de una secuencia sedimentaria de La Luna, de 57cm, fechada con 210Pb y 14C en la que también se realizaron análisis de contenido de cladóceros y de susceptibilidad magnética. Todos estos indicadores permiten ubicar el inicio de una tendencia hacia climas secos y fríos alrededor de los años 1350 y 1510, que corresponde a la Pequeña Edad de Hielo (PEH), la cual tiene su máxima expresión entre los años 1660 y 1760, durante el mínimo de actividad solar de Maunder. Las características ambientales de sequía y frío se observan hasta principios del siglo XX. La comparación de este registro con otros disponibles permite concluir que durante la PEH hubo una tendencia regional en el centro de México hacia climas secos.

El Lago de Guadalupe es un embalse localizado en los alrededores de la Ciudad de México, y recibe un volumen considerable de aguas residuales. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis espectral del Lago de Guadalupe utilizando imágenes spoty datos colectados in situ.Las mediciones fueron realizadas en los meses de febrero y septiembre de 2006. Las variables medidas incluyen temperatura, pH, clorofila a,transparencia Secchi y datos satelitales, cuasi-simultáneos, obtenidos de imágenes spot. Este cuerpo de agua es eutrófico, con valores básicos de pH (6.8 – 11.3) y altas concentraciones de clorofila-a(6.9-112.4μg 1−1) y valores bajos de transparencia Secchi. Térmicamente, el lago es cálido monomíctico. Los resultados indican un alto grado de eutrofización, debida principalmente a la presencia de fitoplancton, vegetación sumergida y flotante. La distribución de la vegetación es cuasi-homogénea en el embalse a excepción de un punto de muestreo.

Copyright of America Latina en la Historia Economica. Boletin de Fuentes is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a recent study, Lago-Penas and Gomez-Lopez (2014) demonstrated that during elite English soccer matches, the percentages of ball possession, entries into the final one-third of the pitch, and shots on goal were lower for the teams with a 1 goal up game status compared to those with 1 goal down condition. In addition, clubs with higher budgets preferred to control the match by dictating the play, primarily through ball possession. Elite soccer coaches may benefit from considering training protocols coherent with the financial budget of their clubs, but these considerations may be valuable also for non-elite soccer clubs. In this comment, studies of various team sports are reviewed, to indicate the need to consider different training drills in relation to competition level, playing positions, and match status of a specific sport discipline.

Large area graphene oxide sheets were synthesized, dispersed in water and used as nanofiller for mechanical improvement in terms of Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at low loading. The molecular level dispersion and interfacial interactions between the graphene oxides and polymeric matrix PVA were the real challenges. An excellent improvement in mechanical properties at 0.35 wt% loading was observed. Modulus improved from 1.58 GPa to 2.72 GPa (~71% improvement), UTS improved from 120 MPa to 197 MPa (~65% improvement), and in spite of these improvements, interestingly, there was no fall in elongation at break at this loading.

Interleukin-23 inhibition is effective in treating ulcerative colitis. Guselkumab is a dual-acting, human IgG1, interleukin-23p19 subunit inhibitor that potently neutralises interleukin-23 and can bind to CD64. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of guselkumab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

This outstanding image article delves into the intriguing instance of a 42-year-old woman grappling with persistent lumbosacral pain over 13 years, accentuated postpartum. Electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uncovered sciatic endometriosis. The rarity of this manifestation prompted a biopsy for anatomopathological confirmation, underscoring the complexity of the case. Despite unsuccessful attempts with various interventions, the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs led to significant improvement, emphasizing the efficacy of tailored treatments for uncommon endometriosis presentations. This case underscores the pivotal role of advanced imaging, particularly MRI, in precise diagnosis and personalized treatment planning, showcasing the transformative impact of well-tailored interventions on the intricate facets of endometriosis. The collaborative efforts of medical professionals, guided by imaging insights, not only alleviate symptoms but also contribute substantially to preserving neurological integrity, emphasizing the profound importance of tailored treatment in enhancing overall well-being.

High‐resolution seismic profiles acquired in the eastern sector of Lago Fagnano, the southernmost ice‐free lake in the world, have shown the presence of very shallow gas‐bearing layers in the upper sedimentary sequences. The gas‐related features observed on seismic profiles include a typical, very strong reflection with reversed polarity, multiple reflections and acoustic blanking that hide subsurface sedimentary and structural features. The top of the acoustically high‐amplitude layer is located between 0.3–1.7 m below the lake floor. It generally forms a sharp boundary, often marked by a varying offset probably due to different levels of gas penetration, which could be related to the lithology of the overlying sediments. To confirm the presence of gas, some gravity cores were recovered in places where the blanking effect was most relevant and in the supposed gas‐free zone. Sediment core analyses have highlighted the occurrence of significant organic‐rich components within the uppermost, largely unconsolidated sedimentary layers, in correspondence of the seismically‐detected gassy zone, whereas only a few organic layers were found in the gas‐free zone. We assume that the main origin of gas is linked to the presence of a shallow, thin peat‐rich layer of Middle‐Late Holocene age. In fact, the mapped gassy zone occurs in correspondence of the outlet of the Rio Turbio, the principal tributary of Lago Fagnano, which discharges waters coming from a relatively small sag pond located immediately to the east of the eastern shore of the lake. To date, this is the first evidence of shallow gas in Tierra del Fuego lakes.

Proglacial lakes, whose numbers have been growing around the world, may drive accelerated glacier retreat and provide valuable records of past glacier and climatic changes. Despite their importance, few studies have investigated the sedimentary properties and processes acting within large proglacial lakes. Lago Argentino (LArg) is a 1,500 km2ice‐contact lake on the eastern flank of the Southern Patagonian Icefield. Here, we describe the results from a detailed analysis of 47 sediment cores obtained throughout this lake basin, supplemented with remotely sensed data. We show that: (a) LArg exhibits a seasonal variation in sediment properties (varves); (b) varve formation results from three distinct processes, driven by seasonal changes in glacial sediment input, seasonal changes in fluvial sediment input, and seasonal variations in lake mixing; and (c) distance from glacier calving fronts provides the first‐order control on sediment grain size and accumulation rate. Our findings highlight the exceptional preservation of annual laminations within proglacial lakes, their potential for reconstructing past glacier changes, and their relevance for forecasting future glacier–lake interactions. Ice‐contact lakes record valuable information about past glacier change, and can drive rapid glacier retreat. We currently have very little data about large ice contact lakes. In our study we present a detailed analysis of sediment cores collected from Lago Argentino, the world's largest ice‐contact lake. We show that the properties of this sediment vary seasonally, with the presence of annual laminations known as varves. These layers enable us to precisely date past events within the lake sediment, and better understand the interactions between lakes, lacustrine sediment, and glaciers. We collected and analyzed 47 cores from the world's largest ice‐contact lake, Lago Argentino (LArg)LArg's sediment is predominantly rhythmically laminated, with a seasonal cycle (varves)Varves result from a seasonal cycle in lake mixing, and glacial and fluvial sediment influxes We collected and analyzed 47 cores from the world's largest ice‐contact lake, Lago Argentino (LArg) LArg's sediment is predominantly rhythmically laminated, with a seasonal cycle (varves) Varves result from a seasonal cycle in lake mixing, and glacial and fluvial sediment influxes

AbstractNine late Miocene glacier advances are identified in the Lago Cardiel region (49°S, 72°15′W in southern South America), a region that until now has been assumed to be unglaciated. Several dating results indicate a minimum age of 6.4 Ma for four advances of the Monte San Lorenzo lobe terminating east of Lago Cardiel and 6.6 Ma for the three oldest glaciations of the San Martín lobe terminating south of this lake. Two further advances have a minimum age of 5.4 Ma. Eleven to 14 m.y. old basaltic lava, which partly covers Patagonian Gravel, indicates the maximum age of these advances. The two oldest terminal moraines of the San Martín glacier are only modestly incised into the Patagonian Gravel suggesting an age of 9 to 10.5 Ma. These age estimates are especially accurate for both meseta glaciations of the San Lorenzo lobe. These glaciers were about 240 km long during their Miocene maximum, which is four times their length during the Last Glacial Maximum. Hence, the late Miocene glacier advances require colder and/or more humid conditions that were considerably longer lasting than the Pleistocene glaciations. Due to glacial meltwater, Lago Cardiel was significantly larger and served as a regional catchment area during these early glaciations in southern South America. The erratic boulders of the southeastern lake terraces at more than 350 m above modern lake level may be attributed to the oldest late Miocene moraine or outwash plain.

Abstract: Lake-sediment records were used to reconstruct human impact on the landscape around Lago Lucone (45°33′N, 10°29′E, 249 m a.s.l.), a former lake in the western amphitheatre system of the Lago di Garda. Presence of prehistoric human populations is attested by pile-dwelling settlements from the Early-Middle Bronze Age, with one settlement at a distance of only 100 m from the coring site. Pollen, plant-macrofossil and microscopic charcoal analyses were applied to a 250 cm sediment core with four dates providing the time control. A mixed oak forest that was important during the Early-Middle Holocene was cleared and replaced by open vegetation during the Bronze Age (∼2000–1100 b.c.) when open lands were estimated to have covered more than 60% of the total relevant pollen-source area. During a phase of high human impact, independent climatic proxies suggest warm and dry climatic conditions. Later, ca. 1100 b.c., palaeobotanical evidence indicates a sharp decrease in human pressure in the Lago Lucone area. The comparison with other sedimentary palaeocultural records shows that the period 1300–1100 b.c. was characterised by general declines of agricultural activities both south and north of the Alps. These declines have been previously attributed to a change towards wetter and colder climatic conditions in and around the Alps. However, the decline in human impact around Lago Lucone cannot be exclusively attributed to climatic variation. Therefore other forcing factors independent of climatic changes, such as cultural crises or changes in spatial organisation of the habitats, cannot be ruled out under the present state of knowledge.

Lago Loíza impounded in 1953 to supply San Juan, Puerto Rico, with drinking water; by 1994, it had lost 47% of its capacity. To characterize sedimentation in Lago Loíza, a study combining land-use history, hillslope erosion rates, and subbasin sediment yields was conducted. Sedimentation rates during the early part of the reservoir's operation (1953-1963) were slightly higher than the rates during 1964-1990. In the early history of the reservoir, cropland comprised 48% of the basin and erosion rates were high. Following economic shifts during the 1960s, cropland was abandoned and replaced by forest, which increased from 7.6% in 1950 to 20.6% in 1987. These land-use changes follow a pattern similar to the northeastern United States. Population in the Lago Loíza Basin increased 77% from 1950 to 1990, and housing units increased 194%. Sheetwash erosion measured from 1991 to 1993 showed construction sites had the highest sediment concentration (61,400 ppm), followed by cropland (47,400 ppm), pasture (3510 ppm), and forest (2050 ppm). This study illustrates how a variety of tools and approaches can be used to understand the complex interaction between land use, upland erosion, fluvial sediment transport and storage, and reservoir sedimentation.

Gletschervorstöße östlich der Südanden zwischen dem letztkaltzeitlichen Maximum und 5.000 BP – verglichen mit Seeuferterrassen des abflusslosen Lago Cardiel (49°S, Patagonien, Argentinien). – Am Beispiel des Pueyrredón Lobus, einem Auslassgletscher des Nördlichen Patagonischen Inlandeises (NPI), des San Martín Lobus, einem Auslassgletscher des Südlichen Patagonischen Inlandeises (SPI) sowie des Talgletschers Belgrano, dessen Einzugsgebiet sich im San Lorenzo Gebirge (3.707 m ü. M. ) befindet, konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese Gletscher jeweils im Spätglazial (15.000–10.000 BP) und im Frühholozän (10.000– 5.000 BP) dreimal vorgestoßen sind. Die Endmoränen des jüngerdryaszeitlichen Vorstoßes und des ersten holozänen Vorstoßes, die um ca 8. 500 akkumuliert wurden, liegen dicht beieinander, so dass es keinen abrupten Klimawandel am Ende des Spätglazials gegeben haben kann. Da die Uferterrassen des abflusslosen Lago Cardiel (49°S; 71°15 W) seit dem zweiten spätglazialen Vorstoß vorwiegend von den Schmelzwässern der Gletscher seiner nordwestlichen, bis zu 1.977 m hohen Umrahmung gebildet wurden, können gut datierte Uferterrassen zur Absicherung der Moränenalter herangezogen werden. Die weit verbreitete Auffassung, das letztkaltzeitlichen Patagonische Inlandeis sei bereits um 11.200 BP in das NPI und das SPI zerfallen und die Gletscher seien erst um 4.500 BP erneut vorgestoßen, hat daher keinen Bestand mehr.

The use of automated external defibrillator (AED) by persons other than paramedics and emergency medical technicians is advocated by several US- and European organizations. However, at the present time it is still unclear to identify public places with a high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. There are few data on the potential impact of public access defibrillators on survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in sporting arenas or water parks. Therefore, we studied prospectively incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the LAGO—die Therme in Herne. This is one of the most important swimming parks in Europe and member of the European Waterpark Association EWA. Eight AEDs were placed in the waterpark LAGO—die Therme. The locations where the defibrillators were stored were chosen to make possible a target interval of 60 seconds from collapse to first defibrillation. Twenty waterpark officers were instructed in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in the use of the AED. During November 16, 2001 and December 31, 2004, 2.05 Mio. visitors were counted in the LAGO. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurred in none of them. AED were used in two visitors with non arrhythmogenic syncope, no shock was delivered. Questionaires were done in 588 visitors (336 males, 252 females, mean age 38+21 years) in 2002 and in 579 visitors (322 males, 257 females, mean age 37±25 years) in 2004. In 2002, 77% of the visitors noticed the AED and, therefore, 49% performed more sporting activities. In addition, in 2004, AED was noticed by 480 visitors (83%) and 277 visitors (48%) did more sporting activities. There were no significant differences between 2002 and 2004 (p=ns). Despite no out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the waterpark during the 3 year follow- up, it seems reasonable to install AED in sporting places with thousands of visitors per year. Die Anwendung von automatischen externen Defibrillatoren (AED) durch Personen, die keine Sanitäter oder in der Notfallmedizin geschulte Techniker sind, wird von verschiedenen Organisationen in USA und in Europa befürwortet. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt ist die Identifikation von öffentlichen Plätzen mit einer hohen Zahl von Herz-Kreislauf-Stillständen (HKS) schwierig. Zudem gibt es nur wenige Daten über den Erfolg dieser Geräte bei einem HKS in Sportarenen oder Schwimmbädern. Wir untersuchten daher prospektiv die Inzidenz von HKS im LAGO—die Therme in Herne. Dieses ist einer der größten Wasserparadiese in Europa und Mitglied der European Waterpark Association EWA. Acht AED wurden im LAGO—die Therme installiert. Die Lokalisation der AED wurden so gewählt, dass vom Kollaps bis zur ersten Defibrillation nicht mehr als 60 Sekunden vergehen. 20 Angestellte des LAGO wurden in Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung und der AED-Anwendung ausgebildet. Zwischen 16. November 2001 und 31. 12. 2004 wurden 2,05 Millionen Besucher im LAGO gezählt. Ein HKS ereignete sich nicht. Der AED wurde bei 2 Besuchern mit nicht rhythmogen bedingter Synkope angewendet, ein Schock wurde nicht abgegeben. Fragebogenaktionen wurden 2002 bei 588 Besuchern (336 Männer, 252 Frauen, mittleres Alter 38±21 Jahre) und 2004 bei 579 Besuchern (322 Männer, 257 Frauen, mittleres Alter 37±25 Jahre) durchgeführt. 2002 bemerkten 77% der Besucher die installierten AED und 49% führten deshalb zusätzliche sportliche Aktivitäten durch. 2004 beantworteten 579 Besucher unseren Fragebogen. 480 Besucher (83%) bemerkten den AED und 277 Besucher (48%) führten zusätzliche sportliche Aktivitäten durch. Die Befunde waren in den Jahren 2002 und 2004 fast identisch (p=ns). Obgleich sich im LAGO während der 3-jährigen Beobachtungszeit kein HKS ereignete, erscheint die Ausstattung von Sportstadien mit Tausenden von Besuchern pro Jahr mit AED dennoch sinnvoll.

Rey, E, Kalén, A, Lorenzo-Martínez, M, López-Del Campo, R, Nevado-Garrosa, F, and Lago-Peñas, C. Elite soccer players do not cover less distance in the second half of the matches when game interruptions are considered. J Strength Cond Res38(4): 709–713, 2024—This study aimed to analyze quantitative differences in the physical demands of male elite soccer players between the first and second halves during official matches, accounting for effective playing time (the duration of play after subtracting the game interruptions) and playing positions. A total of 4,249 individual match observations of 412 outfield players competing in the Spanish first division league (LaLiga) were undertaken during the 2018–2019 season, using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, NY). The players were classified into 5 positional roles: central defenders (CD), external defenders (ED), central midfielders (CM), external midfielders (EM), and forwards (F). The main results showed that in contrast to those observed when total playing time was considered, independent of playing position, there were no significant differences on high-speed running (HSR) (5.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.5 ± 2.4 m·min−1) and sprint (5.3 ± 3.3 vs. 5.4 ± 3.3 m·min−1) distances between the first and second halves in professional soccer players when the effective playing time was considered. However, differences in match running performance at HSR and sprint distances between the first and second halves were dependent on players' playing position. Whereas ED and EM maintained HSR and sprint efforts during the second half, CD and CM significantly increased (p< 0.001) the distance covered at sprint during the second period of the match. Contrarily, F were unable to maintain their HSR (6.2 ± 2.3 vs. 5.9 ± 3.3 m·min−1) and sprint (7.0 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.4 m·min−1) match running performances during the second half. Such findings demonstrate that total playing time could overestimate fatigue-induced performance declines. Thus, effective playing time and playing position should be taken into account when interpreting the match running performance of professional soccer players.

RiassuntoIl Lago di Burano è situato a sud del Promontorio di Ansedonia, vicino al confine con il Lazio (comune di Capalbio, Gr). Nel presente lavoro vengono riportati i risultati dell'indagine floristica effettuata tramite erborizzazioni eseguite nel periodo 1995–1999; ci siamo avvalsi anche di dati bibliografici e di campioni raccolti all'inizio degli anni '90 durante studi micologici. Ad una breve parte introduttiva relativa a lineamenti fisici, climatici e vegetazionali del territorio, segue l'elenco della flora vascolare, corredato di note esplicative per le entità di particolare interesse fitogeografico e/o conservazionistico.L'indagine ha condotto alla realizzazione di una lista di 522 taxa; le piante spontanee o spontaneizzate ammontano a 492, 10 sono le specie introdotte in tempi recenti, 20 ricavate da dati bibliografici e non riconfermate dagli autori. La flora spontanea attuale è ripartita in 301 generi e 81 famiglie. Tra questi segnaliamo le entità di notevole interesse nel quadro fitogeografico della Toscana e talvolta anche dell'Italia: i) specie endemiche o prossime al limite del loro areale di distribuzione come: Dorycnium rectum, Fumaria bicolor, Linaria purpureasubsp. cossoni, Polygonum romanume Quercus frainetto; ii) specie psammofile quali Crucianella maritima, Euphorbia paralias, Medicago marina, Matthiola sinuata, Stachys maritima, oggi per lo più annoverate tra le entità vulnerabili per la Toscana; iii) specie rare ed a distribuzione frammentaria legate ad aree umide, salmastre o dulciacquicole, quali Aeluropus littoralis, Artemisia coerulescensvar. palmata, Carex extensa, C. riparia, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis uniglumis, Euphorbia palustris, Halimione portu- lacoides, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Orchis palustris, Plantago cornuti, Ranunculus sceleratus, Spartina juncea, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Stachys palustris.I dati raccolti hanno permesso di rilevare come attualmente la Riserva del Lago di Burano, grazie alla tutela a cui è stata sottoposta da ormai molti anni, rappresenti uno dei settori costieri della Toscana meglio conservati sotto il profilo floristico.

In the west-central part of Lago Argentino, the Puerto Bandera moraines are clearly detached from longer, more prominent moraines of the last glaciation and from shorter and smaller Neoglacial moraines. Scientists have long speculated about the age of the Puerto Bandera moraines. Detailed geomorphologic studies in the western area of Lago Argentino, including stratigraphic profiles at Bahı́a del Quemado in the northern branch (Brazo Norte), indicate that the Puerto Bandera moraines were deposited by three pulses of ice. Each of the three pulses is represented by single moraine ridges and belts of tightly arranged ridges. The timing of the three glacier advances was established by radiocarbon dating, including data published by John Mercer. The oldest moraine system, formed during the Puerto Bandera I substade, was deposited ca. 13,000 14C yr B.P. Moraines of the Puerto Bandera II substade were deposited ca. 11,000 14C yr B.P. The youngest moraine system was deposited during a minor readvance, shortly before 10,390 C14yr B.P., and thus appears to have occurred some time during the European Younger Dryas interval. After this third substade, the ice tongues retreated into the interior branches of Lago Argentino and have remained there since. Evidence found at Bahı́a del Quemado, together with data provided by other authors, attests to a significant climatic change by the middle Holocene, which we believe occurred during the Herminita advance, the first Holocene glacial readvance recognized within the area.

Als Insubrien wird der westliche Teil des oberitalienischen Seenbogens bis in eine Höhe von etwa 500 Meter ü. NN bezeichnet. Charakteristisch für diese Region rund um den Lago Maggiore sind ein mild‐feuchtes Klima mit ergiebigen Niederschlägen vor allem während der Vegetationsperiode sowie saure Bodenverhältnisse. Diese Standortfaktoren führen zusammen mit der jahrhundertealten Gartenbautradition zu einer außergewöhnlichen Vielfalt an Gehölzen, die sich hervorragend zu Studienzwecken eignet. Auffällig ist vor allem ein hoher Anteil an breitblättrigen, immergrünen Holzpflanzen, wobei die Gärten sehr viele exotische Arten beherbergen. Einige davon etablieren sich als Neophyten auch in natürlichen Wäldern.

The article reviews the DVD videos of operas "La donna del lago" by video director Gary Halvorson, featuring Joyce DiDonato and "Guillaume Tell" by video director Tiziano Mancini featuring Marina Rebeka and Amanda Forsythe.

The article focuses on the 36e8, a home furnishings production system designed by Daniele Lago. The furnishing system is derived from the production system of the automobile manufacturer Toyota. The designer states that 36e8 can be considered as the only modular system covering all home living functions in the world. He adds that innovation is considered as an approach in the system and that he supports simplicity of design.

RiassuntoSono stati messi in evidenza gli aspetti floristici e vegetazionali di due laghetti dell'Appennino tosco-emiliano, il Lago Baccio in provincia di Modena e il Lago del Greppo in provincia di Pistoia. Preliminarmente sono state esaminate le dimensioni attuali rispetto al passato: il Lago Baccio ha subito negli ultimi sessanta anni un aumento di superficie con conseguente riduzione del piano alluvionale torboso; ciò ha portato alla scomparsa di alcune specie e alla modifica di alcune tipologie vegetazionali. Il Lago del Greppo ha invece mantenuto pressoché inalterate le sue dimensioni, pur tuttavia alcune specie segnalate in passato non sono state più ritrovate. Applicando il metodo fitosociologico sono stati individuati e descritti i consorsi elofitici del chiaro del lago, delle sponde e del piano alluvionale torboso, che complessivamente costituiscono la vegetazione palustre.Successivamente sono stati prelevati dei campioni di sfagno su cui sono state effettuate le analisi palinologiche per rilevare la pioggia pollinica attuale. Nell'esame dello spettro pollinico dei campioni particolare attenzione è stata posta nella valutazione delle concentrazioni di polline delle piante erbacee (elofite) che vivono sulla torbiera. Per il Lago Baccio è stato calcolata la rappresentatività delle elofite presenti nel Caricetum nigraeche è l'associazione predominante sul piano torboso; per il Lago del Greppo si è calcolata la rappresentatività nel Carici canescentis-Agrostietum caninaee nel popolamento a Sphagnum flexuosumche sono le due tipologie vegetazionali costituenti la torbiera. Per il Lago del Greppo è stata anche valutata la rappresentatività delle elofite in rapporto all'intera superficie del bacino lacustre ed è stato posto l'accento sul fatto che alcune specie, per mancanza di polline, non si rappresentano nello spettro pollinico; ciò limita la possibilità di ricostruire l'assetto floristico-strutturale della vegetazione a partire dalla pioggia pollinica.

Phytoplankton and phytobenthos investigations in a mountain lake, Lago Santo Parmense.—A preliminary study of the phytobenthos in a dimictic lake of Northern Appennines (Lago Santo Parmense, Italy) has been done. During the open water season 1975 phytobenthos samples were collected from the surface of sediment cores taken at depths from 10 to 21 m (maximum depth of the lake being 22.5 m). The systematic composition of the diatoms population was studied; concentrations of chlorophyll-a were determined: they ranged from 2.9 to 26.2 μg/cm2.Samples of pelagic water were collected at the same time as sediment samples: concentrations of the main nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a were determined; in addition, incubation experiments were carried out by the 14C method to assess the phytoplankton production. Concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.3 to 4.5 μg/1; production rate was about 22 mg C ass/m2/hour at midday from June to September and about 9 mg C ass/m2/hour at midday in October.Mean chlorophyll-a contents of phytobenthos per cm2 in deep sediment are much higher than chlorophyll-a contents of phytoplankton in the whole water column with 1 cm2 section. Limnological data collected during 1975 were compared with data collected in previous years.

Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs), which are part of the LAGO experimental array, are being built in the cities of Riobamba, Quito and Cumbaya in Ecuador. In order to increase the sensitivity and efficiency of these devices, it is necessary to ensure that the water used as radiator media absorbs as low as possible the UV light due to the incident particles and produced by Cherenkov effect. To do this, we built and used a device that allows us to measure the attenuation length directly. Water samples purified by different techniques are analyzed. Some characteristics like absorbance, refractive index, conductivity and cost are studied. We attempt to simulate the Cherenkov effect in FLUKA, we report our findings and perform a comparison with results from previous reports of LAGO sites elsewhere, and with other experiments that use WCD technology.

The LAGO project is a recent collaboration that comes from the association of latin american astroparticle researchers. It started in 2005 and it was designed to survey the high-energy component of GRBs. The present work describes the construction and initial testing of three WCD prototypes, one located in Riobamba at 2784 m.a.s.l., and two located in Quito, Ecuador at 2400 and 2817 m.a.s.l. respectively. We use a commercial water tank and low cost accessories to build each detector, which will be later installed at high altitude mountain sites in Chimborazo and Cotopaxi respectively. Data acquisition and post processing is done using two electronic systems designed for the LAGO etectors, which were developed by the LAGO Argentina and LAGO Mexico team respectively, and are based on a digitizer board and a FPGA. In addition, a water protocol procedure is carried out, in order to guarantee a stable performance of the WCD through time. Computer-aided simulations are being performed to calculate the theoretical efficiency of the WCD, properly calibrate the detector, and standarize the data with other LAGO WCD detectors.

To characterize the signals registered by the different types of water Cherenkov detectors used by the Latin American Giant Observatory Project, it is necessary to develop detailed simulations of the detector response to the flux of secondary particles at the detector level. These particles are originated during the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere. In this context, the LAGO project aims to study the high energy component of gamma rays bursts (GRBs) and space weather phenomena by looking for the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). Focusing on this, a complete and complex chain of simulations is being developed that account for geomagnetic effects, atmospheric reaction and detector response at each LAGO site. In this work we shown the first steps of a GEANT4 based simulation for the LAGO WCD, with emphasis on the induced effects of the detector internal diffusive coating.

Various pollen sequences from lacustrine deposits close to Lago de Sanabria (NW Iberia) have for several decades been a key source of information for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of SW Europe, though their interpretation has been the subject of some controversy. Here we present two new pollen sequences obtained from this area, and a new palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the region. The available pollen data reach back to before 18,000 b.p., a period of very harsh climate with seasonal (non continuous) sedimentation and a landscape characterised by herbaceous formations dominated by Gramineae and Artemisia, and scrub formations dominated by Ericaceae and Cistaceae. Subsequently sedimentation became continuous, and various regional forest expansions are apparent. At a local level, the first forest expansion began about 12,000 b.p., when Betula pollen reached 70% followed by peaks in Pinus sylvestris-type (>80%) and Quercus robur-type (40%). The Younger Dryas saw a retreat of woodland formations in the area around the lake, with broadleaved deciduous woodland (largely oak) retreating at mid and low altitudes, but with pine woodland persisting in more sheltered sites. The climatic improvement in the Early Holocene favoured re-expansion of woodland, dominated by Pinus sylvestris-type at higher and Quercus robur and Q. pyrenaica at lower altitudes, until anthropogenic deforestation commenced around 4,000 b.p. The disappearance of natural pine woodlands in this region is probably largely attributable to human interference.

Surface moisture was measured at selected sites in the Lago Maggiore (Italy) target area before and during Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) Special Observing Period (SOP). Additional soil moisture measurements were performed contemporaneously with remotely sensed microwave measurements carried out by another MAP team. The soil moisture conditions influence the runoff produced during heavy precipitation events but long records of soil moisture measurements, like that presented here, are difficult to obtain. This data set, available at MAP Data Center, may be useful to improve real time flood forecasting and Numerical Weather Prediction models. The Osservatorio Geofisico (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) team collected volumetric water content measurements by the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique. The TDR system was equipped with a multiplexer so that 14 buriable probes, installed at different depths, were automatically scanned at four hour time intervals and the daily soil moisture profiles were recorded. The data have been collected from the end of March 1999 up to the end of MAP-SOP (November 15, 1999). During this period, the first 70 cm of soil were monitored; the minimum of the soil moisture was 17.7 %; the maximum of the soil moisture was 56.0 %. The data allow also investigation of the soil behaviour after heavy precipitation events (e.g. the one happened during the MAP Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 02) depending on its moisture condition before the precipitation. Finally, from the soil water content profile, the cumulative evaporation is computed on the basis of a mass balance, when drainage is supposed to be ceased and no horizontal flux is present.

We reconstruct the impact of different environmental cues on Daphnia seasonal dynamics by means of an analysis of demographic and reproductive parameters, as well as of the size structure of the population. Data from 1996, indicative of the most recent productivity of the lake, with those from 1973, when the lake was meso-eutrophic, allow a discussion of the relevance of the observed changes for the structure of the pelagic food web of Lago Maggiore. Daphnia summer dynamics is mainly controlled by Bythotrephes longimanus. This is quite a different situation from that of the past, when Leptodora kindtii was the prevalent predatory cladocera. The size structure of Daphnia population revealed a depletion of small ovigerous females with increases in the predator. Our data allow a discussion of the idea, recently proposed, of Bythotrephes longimanus as a visual sit- and -wait predator.

Three interstadial events recorded in a pollen diagram from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy (40°56′40″N, 15′36″E), can be correlated with Dansgaard/Oeschger events 12, 14 and 20 of the GRIP (Summit) Greenland Ice Core. Based on a chronology of varve counts, the events are dated respectively to the intervals 37,600–40,000, 43,600–50,000 and 72,000–74,600 calendar yr BP. The interstadials are of unequal duration, the longest occupying 6400 years. They appear to begin and end abruptly. Each is characterised by a sequence of pollen changes in the mesic forest component. Similarities in these sequences of mesic forest trees imply similar patterns of climatic change within each interstadial. The sequences resemble that of the late-glacial interstadial at Monticchio. Although tree pollen abundance values reach as much as 60% during the interstadials, there is always a substantial proportion of herb pollen. Tree growth may have been constrained by low CO2levels during the glacial phase of the last glacial–interglacial cycle. This record illustrates the potential of long continental records to present opportunities for detailed ecological and chronological analyses of sub-interglacial warming events during oxygen-isotope Stages 3 and 4.

This article presents the personal experiences of the author with Chilean poet Nicanor Parra during the mid-20th century.

The article reviews the architecture of the house at Caslano in Lugano, Switzerland designed by architect Mauro Galantino.