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Background: Chocolate is one of the most consumable fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), possessing many health benefits. The present study was envisaged to develop dark chocolate incorporated with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey. Flaxseed oil contains omega-3 fatty acid which is useful in heart disease, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer, whereas honey acts as an antioxidant. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop functional dark chocolate with improved organoleptic, textural and functional attributes by optimizing the ingredients levels such as flaxseed oil and honey and its further validation for quality improvement. Methods: The chocolate composition was optimized by selecting two variables including flaxseed oil (1-2.5g) and honey (10-15g) at 3 levels in central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by using Design- Expert version 11 software tool. Results: After optimization, the best-predicted formulation comprising flaxseed oil 2.37% (w/w) and honey 15% (w/w) showed best sensorial score (p <0.05) with desirability 0.826. Conclusion: Physicochemical analysis of optimized formulation showed significant improvement in organoleptic attributes (p <0.05) with a significant increase of 10.22% (p <0.05) in antioxidant activity in comparison to control.

A series of donor–acceptor pyranones (3a–m, 4a–h) were synthesized using α-oxo-ketene-S,S-acetal as the synthon for their application as emissive materials for energy-saving organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Among them, five pyranones 3f, 3g, 3h, 3m, and 4eexhibited highly bright fluorescence in the solid state and weak or no emission in the solution state. Photophysical analysis of these dyes revealed that only 3fand 3mshowed aggregation-induced emission behavior in a THF/water mixture (0–99%) with varying water fractions (fw) leading to bright fluorescence covering the entire visible region, while other derivatives 3g, 3h, and 4edid not show any fluorescence signal. The computational studies of the compounds revealed that the longer wavelength absorption originates from HOMO to LUMO electronic excitation. These dyes exhibited good thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperature in the range of 218–347 °C. The potential application of the donor–acceptor pyranone dyads was demonstrated by fabrication of solution-processed OLEDs. Remarkably, OLED devices prepared using highly emissive compounds 6-(anthracen-9-yl)-4-(methylthio)-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-carbonitrile (3m) and 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(methylthio)-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-carbonitrile (3f) displayed pure white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.29, 0.31) and (0.32, 0.32), respectively. Additionally, the resultant devices exhibited external quantum efficiencies of 1.9 and 1.2% at 100 cd m–2, respectively.

The diagnosis and prognosis of the disease associated with lipid irregularity are areas of extreme significance. In this direction, fluoranthene based yellow fluorescent probes (FLUN-550, FLUN-552, FLUN-547) were designed and synthesized by conjugating the ethanolamine headgroup of the phospholipid phosphatidyl-ethanolamine present in biological membranes. Owing to unique photophysical properties and aqueous compatibility, these probes were successfully employed for staining lipid droplets (LDs) in preadipocytes and Leishmania donovanipromastigotes. Furthermore, using the fluorescent probes FLUN-550and FLUN-552we successfully imaged and quantitatively detected the excess accumulation of lipids in a liver section of Plasmodium yoeliiMDR infected mice (3- to 4-fold) and the tissue sections of third stage human cervical cancer patients (1.5- to 2-fold) compared to normal tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of yellow fluorescent probes for imaging and quantitative detection of LDs in human cervical cancer tissues. These new yellow fluorescent lipid probes (FLUN-550and FLUN-552) showed great potential for diagnosis of cervical cancer patients.

Achieving and maintaining hemostasis in neurosurgical procedures is critical to the outcome and challenging especially in cases of coagulopathy with diffuse oozing. After trauma to the brain, a cascade of events initiated by tissue factor (TF) or thromboplastin results in a defective coagulation process that even may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Fibrin glue is sealant made up of fibrinogen and thrombin used for dural defect repair at the base, convexity, anastomosis of the nerve and nerve graft, reinforcing microvascular anastomosis. This study was carried out to determine the hemostatic effect of human fibrin glue on bleeding surface of brain and compare the effect with conventional methods of hemostasis.

THE transformation of hamster cells in vitro and in vivo can be readily induced by papovaviruses, polyoma and SV40. The transformed cells are generally characterized by their distinctive morphology, and by their ability to induce tumours when inoculated into normal weanling hamsters, but not when inoculated into hamsters previously injected with the homologous virus1–7. Normal hamster cells do not produce tumours in hamsters, but Defendi et al.8have reported that as few as 80 cells of a, clone derived from the BHK21 cell line9would induce tumours in hamsters. These cells had not been exposed to either polyoma or SV40 virus. Other clones developed from the same cell line were less tumorigenic. Since these cells were ‘morphologically normal’ and had not been deliberately exposed to viruses, it was of interest to determine whether exposure to SV40 would alter their malignant properties, and whether animals inoculated with SV40 would resist challenge with the BHK21 cells that had been exposed to the virus.