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AbstractShark liver oil is one of the sources of cellular energy and provides repair and restoration of damaged cells, and supports in protection of the body from the emergence of tumorous conditions. The Shark liver oil was tested orally at the dose of 1g/kg body weight, on gastric ulceration experimentally induced by water immersion (Swimming). The parameters considered to assess the anti-ulcer activity were percentage of ulcer, ulcer index, percentage of inhibition, pH, free acidity and total acidity. Pretreatment with the Shark liver oil resulted in a significant decreased of the ulcerated area and reduced pH, free acidity and total acidity.

Near infrared (NIR) emitting LaF3:Ln3+ (Ln3+→Nd3+, Er3+, Yb3+ and Ho3+) singly doped nanoparticles (NPs), with an average size of 5 nm, have been synthesized using simple co-precipitation route. Nanoparticles were functionalized with oleic acid. FTIR spectra revealed the prescience of chemisorbed oleic acid on the surface of nanoparticles. 10 wt % of LaF3:Nd3+ nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy by solution mixing method. The LaF3:Nd3+-Epoxy Nanocomposites showed good transparency along with prominent NIR emissions at 880 nm, 1053 nm and 1330 nm on excitation at 575 nm.

AbstractConsequent to the better understanding of various agrochemicals, their functions during the growth cycles of plants and other aspects concerning economics, environment, and so forth, the controlled-release technology has emerged in the areas of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. The present review discusses the technology and applications of controlled-release delivery systems concerning agrochemicals and the related technological advances with some critical suggestions. Emphasis is placed on inexpensive materials, simpler technologies, and statistical evaluation in planning and developing newer system. The interrelationship between technologies for controlled-release and membrane applications is discussed.

An attempt has been made to understand the effect of doping homovalent anion dopants such as CO2−3, B4O2−7, MoO2−4, and WO2−4on the conductivity and phase transitions of Na2SO4by means of XRD, DSC, and impedance measurements. Our studies indicate that the observed conductivity enhancement is largely due to an increase in the free volume in the structure. Apart from the size, the shape and orientational ordering of the dopant ion in the sulfate sublattice seem to influence the activation energy. The structure of the guest anion appears to be one of the major factors determining the phase stabilization of Na2SO4(I) at low temperatures.

New fluoride glasses in the system PbF2-MnF2-Al(PO3)3have been synthesised and found to have high d.c. conductivities, presumably due to mobile F ions. A.C. electrical data (25–200°C) have been analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. A glass with the composition 85PbF2-5MnF2-10Al(PO3)3yields a record value for conductivity in an anionic conducting glass, σ200= 1.1 × 10−4(ω-cm)−1, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the best values so far reported. Electrical and mechanical relaxation data have been compared in the isofrequency-inverse temperature representation. As seen previously for cation conductors, the mechanical relaxation is less exponential (broader) than the electrical relaxation. However, in the present case the most probable mechanical relaxation time is shorter than the most probable electrical relaxation time.

A systematic study of the effect of size of the dopant and vacancy concentration on the electrical conductivity of Na2SO4is reported. The enhancement of conductivity, most pronounced with trivalent cation doping, and maximized for 4 m/o Sm2(SO4)3, is more than three orders of magnitude at 200°C. The enhancement of conductivity depends on the extent of solid solubility, formation of intermediate compounds, and extent of vacancy–ion interaction. The size of the dopant influences the conductivity significantly. The effect of doping several cations simultaneously in Na2SO4is also investigated.