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The toroidal and poloidal rotations of edge magnetic fluctuations in a high beta , low q tokamak plasma ( beta _p>or=1,q_I<2), which has a specific q profile and is self-organized through a relaxation process, and the role of the rotations for the relaxation to a stable state are investigated. The magnetic deformation starts rotating at the initial relaxation process when the plasma relaxes to a toroidally symmetric plasma. In the stable relaxed state, ballooning-like magnetic deformations rotate nearly along the magnetic lines of force. The bulk plasma rotates with the deformations. The rotation is also accelerated by each relaxation process. In this experiment, the low q plasma in the relaxed state (q_I

Despite widespread recognition of the potential role of the processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) as a monitor of depth of anaesthesia, few studies have examined the effects of surgical stimuli on the intraoperative pEEG. Two groups of gynaecological patients (n = 10 in each group), with or without pre-incisional extradural analgesia, undergoing gynaecological laparotomy under nitrous oxide and isoflurane anaesthesia were monitored with routine haemodynamic observations and pEEG. Patients who received pre-incisional extradural analgesia showed no significant changes in pEEG variables during surgery (mean spectral edge frequency 95 percentile (SEF95) 13.3 (SD 1.4) Hz), whereas in all patients without pre-incisional extradural analgesia, a significant decrease in SEF95 was noted (6.5 (1.1) Hz after incision compared with a pre-incisional value of 12.5 (1.4) Hz) together with an increase in arterial pressure (paradoxical response). In the latter group, SEF95 and arterial pressure returned to pre-incisional values after extradural analgesia was established during operation. During emergence from anaesthesia, both groups showed a significant increase in SEF95 (25.7 (1.4) Hz). This study suggests that intraoperative pEEG arousal response was different from changes detected when anaesthesia was terminated at the end of surgery. Surgical stimuli in the absence of adequate analgesia induced a paradoxical arousal response.