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Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a potentially devastating complication of heart transplantation. Understanding the risk factors for PGD in the modern era of heart transplantation is of vital importance. This study investigated the relationship between post-left ventricular assist device (LVAD) right heart failure (RHF) and transplant outcomes. Patients with durable, continuous-flow LVADs who were transplanted between 2010 and 2016 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital were included in the study. Data collection was performed through retrospective chart review. The primary outcome was the incidence of PGD stratified by pretransplant incidence of RHF while on LVAD support. Among the 141 patients included in the study, 41 developed RHF. In the RHF cohort, 18 patients developed PGD as compared to 14 patients in the group without RHF (44% vs.14%; p< 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in the RHF group at 30 days (20% vs.1%; p< 0.001) and 1 year (22% vs.6%; p= 0.013). In a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables, RHF was associated with a nearly fourfold increased risk of PGD (odds ratio, 3.91; p= 0.003). The results of this study show that patients supported with LVADs who develop early severe RHF or late RHF are at increased risk of PGD and death following cardiac transplantation.

For better or for worse, persuasive technologies are already part of the everyday technological landscape that people live in. Since 1997, the Persuasive Technology Lab at Stanford University has tracked existing and emerging computing devices designed to change human attitudes and behaviors. The article focuses on a significant, potentially controversial and new direction in the design of computing systems. This area is important for computer professionals to understand. Of all these strategies two, simulation and surveillance, are especially noteworthy. Both are made possible by computer technology in ways human systems cannot match easily. They have a high potential for persuasion but work in very different ways. While simulations allow users to draw their own conclusions and adopt appropriate behaviors, surveillance is almost the opposite, possibly compelling users to perform certain behaviors. In fact, a question that still needs an answer, at least in our minds, is whether surveillance is a type of persuasion or a type of coercion. The answer likely depends on specifics of each persuasive computing system. Despite these differences, both strategies will be common in future technologies.

This article proposes a thematic framework that can serve as a window for understanding the leadership definitions of women academics, and through these how leadership is articulated, understood, and enacted within the culture of leadership in higher education. Th e framework was generated from analysis of 283 available leadership definitions from classes 1996–2004 provided by Fellows in the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine Program for Women. Definitions were analyzed using Atlas. Ti software by coders and discussants in an iterative process that generated, applied, and challenged findings. Beginning with Rost’s (1991) framework, the project went beyond this to develop a framework derived from the voices of the women that includes: leadership as activities, relationship to followers, envisioning and strategy, traits, communication, infl uence, and transformation. The article closes with application to various groups, notes for future research, and conclusions.

This article proposes a thematic framework that can serve as a window for understanding the leadership definitions of women academics, and through these how leadership is articulated, understood, and enacted within the culture of leadership in higher education. Th e framework was generated from analysis of 283 available leadership definitions from classes 1996–2004 provided by Fellows in the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine Program for Women. Definitions were analyzed using Atlas. Ti software by coders and discussants in an iterative process that generated, applied, and challenged findings. Beginning with Rost’s (1991) framework, the project went beyond this to develop a framework derived from the voices of the women that includes: leadership as activities, relationship to followers, envisioning and strategy, traits, communication, infl uence, and transformation. The article closes with application to various groups, notes for future research, and conclusions.

Carnitas are fried chunks of pork frequently served in Mexican-origin households, food service establishments, and social gatherings. During 1995-2002, carnitas emerged as the most frequently implicated vehicle of transmission in foodborne disease outbreaks in Chicago. Five (6%) of 90 foodborne disease outbreaks investigated and reported in Chicago during this period were linked to carnitas, and they accounted for 108 illnesses and 11 hospitalizations. The etiologic agent in four outbreaks was Salmonella, and these outbreaks accounted for 29% of the 14 Salmonella-associated foodborne disease outbreaks in Chicago during this period. Unsafe food handling practices that occurred after cooking were identified as contributing to multiple carnitas-associated outbreaks. Local health departments that serve significant Mexican-origin populations should be aware of carnitas as a potential source of foodborne disease, particularly salmonellosis.

“In 1977, I became the director of a project called ‘Including and Empowering Lay Participation in Practice-Based Theological Education,’ at Lancaster Theological Seminary … to explore ways in which laity could participate directly in the education of persons for ordained ministry. The rationale for the project was based on the hypothesis that laity are already the most frequent evaluators of parish clergy. If students could learn to use feedback from laity beginning in seminary, they would have a new resource to make theological education a life-long process.”

The paper reports research on engineering designs of irrigation systems in mountainous areas and the resulting implications for management. The engineering designs are important because they may or may not provide the social basis for local people to participate in system development and management. This hypothesis is analyzed by using field data from an irrigation development program in the Himachal Pradesh State in India. The development program will construct about 150 small-scale, gravity flow and lift irrigation schemes in a seven year period.