Search

Chemical in capsule (CIC) is a dosage form proposed to support early clinical studies, including Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic, and proof-of-concept evaluations. CIC reduces development time, conserves drug substance, and [...]

When they tell the story of database marketing, they will begin with one word: Power. Power is information. Whoever has the the greatest access to the most information has the [...]

I read with sympathy the Harts' letter about mice ruining items in their motorhome. I too fought with mice for years in my motorhome, antique cars, boat and basement food [...]

The letter to the editor comments on the interview with Philip Caldwell "OPEC, the American Scapegoat," by Bruce Scott, and "Behind Japan's Success," by Peter Drucker.

Advertising agencies should play close attention to the technological developments in interactive television in order to take advantage of the new medium. Interactive television, also called Smart TV or Transactional TV, permits on-demand viewing and is ideal for direct-marketing. Electronic home shopping and infomercials will evolve to take advantage of interactive television. Advertising agencies should monitor the first tests of interactive television in 1994 by Time Warner in Orlando, FL, and Viacom/AT&T in Castro Valley, CA., A sea of change is sweeping over the American advertising industry, and the industry seems little prepared for it. While most agencies proceed blithely along with business as usual, digital [...]

Dietary and immersion treatments with the androgens 17a-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17a-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) were assessed for their efficacy in the masculinization of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Dietary treatments with MT at 1 or 3 mg/kg food or MDHT at 1 mg/kg food for 800 degree-days resulted in 100% masculinization of all female stocks. Single or double immersion treatments of alevins in MDHT at 400 µg/L for 120 min during the period 0–28 d after median hatch resulted in significant masculinization. Immersion treatments were most effective when conducted more than 14 d after median hatch. Two immersion treatments 7 or 14 d apart resulted in masculinization levels of up to 100%, whereas single immersions yielded levels up to 77%. Immersion treatment resulted in the production of significantly more sex-inverted males with patent sperm ducts than did dietary treatment. The study shows that immersion treatments are simple and effective for androgen-induced masculinization of Atlantic salmon, that they are suitable for commercial-scale use in hatcheries, and that they offer advantages in production efficiency over dietary treatments.

The Kais function is an exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for a pair of electrons trapped in a parabolic potential well with r12−1 electron-electron interaction. Partial wave analysis (PWA) of the Kais function yields EL = E + C1(L + \-C−12)−3 + O(L−5) where E is the exact energy and EL the energy of a renormalized finite sum of partial waves omitting all waves with angular momentum ℓ > L. Slight rearrangement of an earlier result by Hill shows that the corresponding full CI energy differs from EL only by terms of order O(L−5) with FCI values of C1 and \-C−12 identical to PWA values. The dimensionless \-C2 parameter is weakly dependent upon the size of the physical system. Its value is 0.788 for the Kais function, and 0.893 for the less diffuse helium atom, and approaches \-C2→ 1 in the limit of an infinitely compact charge distribution. The ℓth energy increment satisfies an approximate virial theorem which becomes exact in the high ℓ limit. This analysis, formulated to facilitate use of the Maple system for symbolic computing, lays the mathematical ground work for subsequent studies of the electron correlation cusp problem. The direction of future papers in this series is outlined.

This study assessed perceptions of actual and ideal leadership behaviors of male and female department heads as described by themselves and by their faculties in university physical education departments. Responses to the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ-Real) and Ideal Leader Behavior Questionnaire (LBDQ-Ideal) provided data on these perceptions by faculties and department heads. Data were gathered from 49 department heads and 427 faculty members from four types of departments—segregated departments with male heads, segregated departments with female heads, integrated departments with male heads, and integrated departments with female heads. The findings indicated that (1) Male and female heads of department did not differ in their perceptions of the desirable attributes of an ideal leader, their perceptions of their own actual leadership behavior, or in their proneness to view their leadership behavior as ideal. (2) There is a mutual tendency for faculty of both sexes to perceive consideration behavior of the heads differently when the head is of the same sex. Women faculty viewed female department heads as providing more initiation of structure than male heads.

The fact that during each day a normal person ingests by mouth and excretes in the urine and stool several grams of potassium had led to use of the expression "potassium balance." Since approximately 80 per cent of the output of potassium is excreted by the kidney, it has usually been assumed that the renal parenchyma possesses a special ability to excrete this ion. Indeed, the rapid renal excretion of potassium after the ingestion of a considerable amount of a potassium salt has been suggested as a reason for the nontoxic effect of potassium on the normal organism. If renal excretion is seriously impaired, as it may be in the presence of renal disease, it might be suspected that retention of potassium in the blood serum analogous to retention of other excretory constituents of the urine would occur. In animals with experimentally produced lesions of the kidneys, including bilateral nephrectomy,

INDEX is an interactive program, written in the BASIC language, which operates simply on a microcomputer to perform objective test analysis. The program accommodates the occurrence of tied scores fully and correctly.

QUIZ is an interactive computer program which allows the assembly of objective tests. Fully conversational, the program enables the user to construct tests composed of items disproportionately sampled from up to 20 subsections of a master item bank.

The cause of acute urethritis was studied prospectively in an unselected group of 62 male university students. Urethral exudate and urine samples were cultured for Neisseria gonorrheae and T-mycoplasmas, and the results were compared with findings in a similar group of 70 healthy controls. Only 8% of the patients were found to have gonorrhea by culture. Of the remaining 57 patients with nongonococcal urethritis, 76% were positive for T-mycoplasmas while 27% of 70 controls were carrying the organism. Symptoms in patients with nongonococcal urethritis cleared during therapy with tetracyclines or erythromycin, and posttherapy cultures for T-mycoplasmas showed only a 28% carriage rate.Nongonococcal urethritis was much more common than gonorrhea in this student population, in spite of the epidemic of gonorrhea occurring in the United States. In addition, the view that T-mycoplasmas may be a cause of nongonococcal urethritis was supported by this study.

A monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is detectable in approximately 3% of the general adult population. In most cases the abnormal cells have a phenotype and genotype that is indistinguishable from indolent CLL. Individuals presenting with an MBL count over 500 cells per microlitre progress to CLL requiring treatment at a rate of approximately 1% per year. The relationship between MBL and CLL therefore appears to be similar to that of MGUS and myeloma. Intraclonal variation (ICV) in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgVH) gene occurs in approximately half of MGUS patients but is not present in myeloma. The majority MGUS patients that progress to myeloma lack intraclonal variation at the MGUS stage suggesting that clonal selection is a critical pathway for disease progression in myeloma. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of intraclonal variation in MBL and CLL and determine whether low rates of ICV are associated with progressive disease. DNA was extracted from ammonium-chloride lysed blood samples from individuals with CLL-phenotype MBL (n=20) and CLL with progressive disease (n=10). IgVH and BCL6 PCR products were directly sequenced and also cloned and at least 10 clones sequenced. Intraclonal variation was defined as the number of unique sequences as a percentage of total clones sequenced. Unmutated CLL was defined as having <2% difference in the predominant IgVH clone sequence from germline. The median IgVH mutation rate in the MBL group was 7.4% (range 1.3–13.7%) and in the progressive CLL group 0.6% (range 0–11.3%). Intraclonal variation was observed in both groups of patients: the median number of unique clones was 2/10 (range 0–7/10) in MBL patients and 3/10 (range 0–5/10) in CLL patients. Intraclonal variation was generally restricted to 1 or 2 point mutations in each sequence and for the VH gene the replacement/silent (R/S) ratio of mutations was 1.7 in the framework regions and 3.3 in the complementarity-determining regions. Independent of disease category, unmutated CLL/MBL had a higher degree of intraclonal variation than mutated CLL with a median ICV for unmutated cases of 31% and for mutated cases of 20%. The proportion of patients showing complete clonal homogeneity was lower for unmutated CLL/MBL (14%) than mutated CLL/MBL (27%). The BCL6 gene, which is also mutated during the canonical somatic hypermutation process, showed similar results with a greater degree of intraclonal variation in unmutated CLL/MBL. The results demonstrate that intraclonal variation is a frequent occurrence in both MBL and CLL particularly when non-immunoglobulin genes are also considered. Clonal heterogeneity is either independent of, or inversely related to, the immunoglobulin mutation status demonstrating that both mutated and unmutated CLL have undergone (or are continuing to undergo) somatic hypermutation. The mechanisms of disease progression in MBL/CLL are clearly biologically distinct from MGUS/Myeloma and this data provides strong evidence for an antigen-driven selection process in CLL. Disease progression in CLL may therefore be the result of continued activity of the somatic hypermutation machinery, demonstrated by AID expression in some patients. Coupled with a selective pressure to maintain the immunoglobulin gene this process may result in the selection of CLL clones with transforming mutations in non-immunoglobulin genes.