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The main purpose of this work was to confirm the previously proposed model of the laser radiation interaction with the epidermal layer of monocotyledons cells. The other purpose was to show that plant age affects polarization parameters and polarization direction affects plant development. The methods used in this work include the development of LED light sources, the polarization parameters assessment (polarization index), and statistical analysis. The maize plants (Zea maysL.), variety “Early gourmet 121,” optical setup, and software TXP Series Instrumentation were used in the work. Plants were grown under white light at an intensity of 200 µmol m−2s−1. The study established that the harmonic ellipticity polarization change by ± 12.0° occurs when the linearly polarized light passed through the maize leaves depending on the axis rotation angle of the epidermal cells. In addition, it was shown that the maize leaves of different ages could have different values of the refractive index anisotropy and, consequently, different polarization ellipticity index. It has been established that the maize leaves with ordered structure of epidermal cells are able to change the polarized radiation ellipticity. That confirms the previously proposed model of the polarized light interaction with plant leaves. We established that linearly polarized light passing through the leaves of maize plants turns into elliptically polarized light, which is able to interact more effectively with the photosensitive protein structures of the leaf inner cells.

1.The carbide phase in complex-alloy die steel 8Kh4V2S2MF is appreciably broken up on increasing the temperature of electric heating for quenching from 1000 to 1200°C (a heating rate of 20 deg/sec in the region of the phase transformations).2.Electrothermal treatment ensures a finer carbide phase than heat treatment in accordance with the optimal regime with heating in a salt melt.

1.Electrothermal treatment (electrohardening+electrotempering) of complex alloy steel 8Kh4V2S2MF increases the hardness to HRC 65-67.2.Electrothermal treatment (hardening with holding 20 sec at austenitizing temperature and electrotempering) of ledeburitic steel Kh12M makes it possible to obtain a hardness of HRC 61-63.3.To obtain a long service life for tools subject to large alternating loads it is expedient to have some amount of retained austenite in the structure.

1.Rapid heating substantially intensifies the process of siliconizing steel 45, particularly the first stages, due to the improved conditions for chemisorption, surface and bulk diffusion, and finer austenite grains and blocks.2.At heating rates of 10 and 100 deg/sec the kinetic dependence of the process is rectilinear; at a heating rate of 3000 deg/sec the kinetic curve is close to parabolic, indicating the considerable influence of diffusion processes.3.An increase of the heating rate affects the distribution of pores in the coating. The pores formed on rapid heating are short lines parallel to the surface of the sample. They are more localized than in the case of slow heating. With increasing treatment time the volume of pores in the coating decreases.