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We present a method to rapidly and accurately measure the eye box of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) eyewear. We demonstrate that this rapid method measures the eye box with a fidelity comparable to slower, traditional methods. The presented rapid method uses a lens that mimics the human eye in core aspects like pupil position, pupil size and field of view to get an impression of the eyewear performance as it appears to a human user with single image capture. By combining as few as three such image captures with such a lens, one can rapidly and accurately measure the entire eye box geometry of any given AR or VR eyewear. We further demonstrate the advantages of adopting this new method by referencing the display metrology industry, where this method has already been adopted as the new metrology standard.

AbstractBackground:Adults with systemic right ventricle have a significant risk for long-term complications such as arrhythmias or heart failure.Methods:A nationwide retrospective study based on the German National Register for Congenital Heart Disease was performed. Patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch operation or congenitally corrected TGA were included.Results:Two hundred and eight-five patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch operation and 95 patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries were included (mean age 33 years). Systolic function of the systemic ventricle was moderately or severely reduced in 25.5 % after atrial switch operation and in 35.1% in patients with congenitally corrected transposition. Regurgitation of the systemic atrioventricular valve was present in 39.5% and 43.2% of the cases, respectively. A significant percentage of patients also had a history for supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. However, polypharmacy of cardiovascular drugs was rare (4.5%) and 38.5 % of the patients did not take any cardiovascular medication. The amount of cardiovascular drugs taken was associated with NYHA class as well as systemic right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition were more likely to receive pharmacological treatment than patients after atrial switch operation.Conclusion:A significant portion of patients with systemic right ventricle suffer from a relevant systemic ventricular dysfunction, systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and arrhythmias. Despite this, medication for heart failure treatment is not universally used in this cohort. This emphasises the need for randomised trials in patient with systemic right ventricle.

physical overexertion is the leading cause of the most serious nonfatal injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, according to the Workplace Safety Index (Liberty Mutual, 2008). Because warehouses [...]

The article informs that Oregon Aeshna Blitz was scheduled for July 9–11, 2021 on the Chewaucan River in Lake County, Oregon, to check areas, where the team observed Calopteryx aequabilis, Argia emma, Enallagma carunculatum, Ischnura perparva, Rhionaeschna multicolor and Libellula pulchella along the river. Afterwards the team travelled Reynold's Pond and found E. boreale, E. annexum, I. cervula, I. perparva, Anax junius, R. multicolor, L. forensis, L. pulchella and L. quadrimaculata.

This article provides a brief overview of the changes from ICD-10to ICD-11regarding the classification of mental, behavioral, orneurodevelopmental disorders. These changes include a new chapter structure, newdiagnostic categories, changes in diagnostic criteria, and steps towards dimensionality.Additionally, we review evaluative field studies of ICD-11, whichprovide preliminary evidence for higher reliability and clinical utility ofICD-11compared with ICD-10. Despite the extensiverevision process, changes from ICD-10to ICD-11wererelatively modest in that both systems are categorical, classifying mental phenomenabased on self-reported or clinically observable symptoms. Other recent approaches topsychiatric nosology and classification (eg, neurobiology-based or hierarchical) arediscussed. To meet the needs of different user groups, we propose expanding the stepwiseapproach to diagnosis introduced for some diagnostic categories inICD-11, which includes categorical and dimensionalelements.

•Imatinib is described as a well-tolerated drug, one of the rare and lesser-known side effects is pneumonitis, which occurred in 0.8 % of the imatinib-treated Dutch GIST patients.•There is no commonality in presentation and treatment of imatinib-induced pneumonitis.•Before making final treatment decisions, it is important to take into account the indication for imatinib, the availability of alternatives (i.e., possibility of resection, second-line sunitinib), the grade of the pneumonitis, the risks and consequences of a possible relapse or progression of GIST and pneumonitis.

The rare case of an adult with a double-chambered left ventricle was revealed using multimodality imaging using echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a 38-year-old asymptomatic male patient. The congenital malformation was dominated by a second, coarsely trabeculated muscular shelf dividing the left ventricle into 2 chambers without signs for left ventricular inflow or outflow tract obstruction. The partition wall did not show any signs for intramyocardial fibrosis in late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Flow measurements excluded a relevant intracardial shunt across the additive perimembranous ventricular septal defect. There were no signs for global right and left ventricular dysfunction with left and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction within normal limits. A conservative approach was recommended. In summary, we are able to present the case of an adult with a double-chambered left ventricle with a second muscular “septum” partially dividing the left ventricular cavity without causing a relevant impact on cardiac function or clinical signs for heart failure.

AbstractThe concept and name of schizophrenia have been questioned in the scientific community and among various stakeholders. A name change is seen as a means and an opportunity to reduce stigmatizing beliefs and to improve mental health care. Some Asian countries have already taken the step of a name change. So far, however, the scientific community of western countries has not yet come to an agreement on any alternative name. Meeting relevant criteria for a new name, finding agreement among all involved groups and replacing the established term is a complex process. For now, the concept of schizophrenia has proven its reliability, clinical utility and validity, although schizophrenia is a stigmatised mental disorder like many others. Renaming cannot be the only answer to negative beliefs, prejudice and discrimination.

'A New World' IT'S AMAZING HOW WHAT STARTS OUT TO be a snap decision can turn a person's whole life around, sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse. [...]

In dit artikel beschrijven wij een patiënt met een testosteron producerende metastase, die werd ontdekt tijdens de follow-up van een prostaatcarcinoom. De patiënt in deze casus had in zijn voorgeschiedenis een Leydig-celtumor, waarvoor hij een radicale orchidectomie rechts had ondergaan. Kort daarop werd hij gediagnosticeerd met prostaatcarcinoom. Behandeling bestond uit radicale prostatectomie en bekkenklierdissectie. Voor het recidief prostaatcarcinoom werd hij aanvullend behandeld met radiotherapie op prostaatfossa en bekkenklierstations in combinatie met drie jaar hormonale behandeling. Het testosterongehalte gedurende de hormonale therapie steeg fors. Bij verder onderzoek en chirurgisch ingrijpen bleek er sprake van een testosteron producerende Leydig-celtumormetastase in het retroperitoneum. In this case report, we describe a patient with testosterone producing metastasis discovered during the follow-up of prostate cancer. The patient had a history of a Leydig cell tumor in the right testicle for which he had undergone a radical orchidectomy of the right testicle. Shortly after the orchidectomy, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. The patient was treated with radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph-node dissection. Due to recurrent prostate cancer, he received radiation to the prostatic fossa and pelvic lymph-nodes with hormonal treatment for 3 years. Under hormonal treatment, a significant increase in the testosterone level occurred. Further diagnostic evaluations and surgery revealed testosterone producing Leydig cell tumor metastasis in the retroperitoneum.

AbstractChemotherapy for testicular cancer (TC) has been associated with neurotoxic effects shortly post-treatment. Late effects of chemotherapy on brain function in this patient group are still unknown. In this study, we investigated differences between patients with and without chemotherapy in functional brain networks at rest and during an affective processing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task on average >14 years post-treatment. In addition, we report on changes in cognitive functioning during survivorship by comparing present and previous performance on a neuropsychological test battery on average 11 years earlier (3 years post-treatment). Twenty-eight chemotherapy (43.1 ± 7.5 years) and 23 surgery-only (48.2 ± 9.5 years) TC survivors were examined using neurocognitive tests and 3T-fMRI >10 years after treatment end. Brain functional networks were identified using dual regression independent component analysis. Task fMRI was analyzed using a block design. Standardized domain change scores were calculated for each individual to assess cognitive change. TC patients in the chemotherapy group showed functional hyperconnectivity at rest in the precuneus network, sensory and motor function network, executive control network, and the ventral stream network when compared with surgery-only patients. Furthermore, hypoactivation was found when performing the affective processing task. Cognitive data revealed that both groups showed comparable patterns of change from 3 to 14 years after initial treatment. This study provides novel insights on the possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms of late neurotoxic effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Present findings reveal that functional hyperconnectivity is widespread, possibly to compensate for the pathophysiological disturbances. This concurs with our previous findings of structural hyperconnectivity in white matter. Longitudinal multimodal imaging studies are warranted to further investigate the association between long-term structural and functional network connectivity data, as well as its relationship with cognitive changes.

ABSTRACTMacroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved transport pathway where targeted structures are sequestered by phagophores, which mature into autophagosomes, and then delivered into lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases and its modulation is beneficial for the outcome of numerous specific diseases. Several lysosomal inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1(BafA1), protease inhibitors and chloroquine (CQ), have been used interchangeably to block autophagy in in vitroexperiments assuming that they all primarily block lysosomal degradation. Among them, only CQ and its derivate hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are FDA-approved drugs and are thus currently the principal compounds used in clinical trials aimed to treat tumors through autophagy inhibition. However, the precise mechanism of how CQ blocks autophagy remains to be firmly demonstrated. In this study, we focus on how CQ inhibits autophagy and directly compare its effects to those of BafA1. We show that CQ mainly inhibits autophagy by impairing autophagosome fusion with lysosomes rather than by affecting the acidity and/or degradative activity of this organelle. Furthermore, CQ induces an autophagy-independent severe disorganization of the Golgi and endo-lysosomal systems, which might contribute to the fusion impairment. Strikingly, HCQ-treated mice also show a Golgi disorganization in kidney and intestinal tissues. Altogether, our data reveal that CQ and HCQ are not bona fidesurrogates for other types of late stage lysosomal inhibitors for in vivoexperiments. Moreover, the multiple cellular alterations caused by CQ and HCQ call for caution when interpreting results obtained by blocking autophagy with this drug.

AbstractThe finding that biodiversity is a concept with different context-specific meanings has implications for its conceptual development when students are required to apply it in a diversity of contexts. An approach that may overcome these implications is that students learn to recontextualise one meaning to another. Since no empirical studies were available when this study started, it was decided to conduct a design study to develop a learning and teaching strategy for recontextualising biodiversity. In this paper, the design of such a strategy is presented. Testing of the design in two classes in upper secondary biology education showed that it is largely practisable.

Since concepts may have different meanings in different contexts, students have to learn to recontextualise them, i.e. to adapt their meanings to a new context. It is unclear, however, what characteristics a learning and teaching strategy for recontextualising should have. The study aims to develop such a learning and teaching strategy for cellular respiration. The strategy consists of a storyline, consisting of three contexts, with embedded cognitive elements and some episodes focussed on recontextualising cellular respiration. Testing the strategy in two classes in upper secondary biology education showed that the strategy was largely practicable.

Many companies view ergonomics as a flashy marketing tag used to tout quick-fix products. In reality, ergonomics combines fundamental elements of both science and art that can benefit a business' […]

Auf welchen Feldern und wie intensiv sind Studierende an den deutschen Hochschulen kulturell und künstlerisch aktiv? In welchem Zusammenhang stehen die Aktivitäten mit dem Studium? Welchen Einfluss auf die studentischen Aktivitäten haben Merkmale des Elternhauses? Um solche Fragen beantworten zu können, lagen bisher kaum Daten vor. Eine Befragung, die für den Bildungsbericht 2012, dessen Schwerpunkt die kulturelle Bildung war, durchgeführt wurde, ermöglicht nun ihre Beantwortung. Mit etwa zwei Dritteln ist der Anteil kulturell und/oder künstlerisch aktiver Studierender erstaunlich hoch. Dabei variiert die Aktivitätsquote zwar mit den Fachrichtungen und nach dem Geschlecht, kaum aber mit dem Abschluss oder der Studienphase. Mit dem Studium gibt ein Viertel der Studierenden vorherige Aktivitäten auf. Bemerkenswert hoch ist der Einfluss elterlicher kultureller Aktivitäten auf die der Studierenden. Dieses Merkmal erweist sich als wichtiger als ein akademischer Bildungshintergrund im Elternhaus. Das elterliche Vorbild beeinflusst auch die Sparte der Betätigung.What are the fields of cultural or artistic activities of higher education students in Germany? To what extent are they related to the studies? Do the parents have some influence on those cultural activities? Due to a lack of data, questions of this type could not be answered yet. Now this is possible based on a survey conducted for the national education report “Education in Germany 2012” whose specific thematic focus was arts education. A high share of nearly two thirds of all students report own cultural or arts acitvities. The rate of active students varies by field of studies and gender. Differences with respect to kind of degree or study period are rather low. While studying 25 % of students give up former cultural activities. Remarkably high is the effect of parental cultural activities that exceeds the impact of the parent’s level of education. The parent’s example also has an influence on the field of the student’s activities.

Systems thinking in biology education is an up and coming research topic, as yet with contrasting feasibility claims. In biology education systems thinking can be understood as thinking backward and forward between concrete biological objects and processes and systems models representing systems theoretical characteristics. Some studies claim that systems thinking can be readily introduced at the level of primary-school education; other studies claim that even in upper secondary-school education the introduction of systems thinking requires a carefully outlined approach in order not to strain students’ capacities too much. In order to explain these contrasting claims a procedure of analysis was used to map and compare the conceptual frameworks of the various studies, focusing on the selection of systems, references to systems theory and definitions of systems thinking. The analysis demonstrates that the frameworks include different elements of systems thinking. In particular, the analysis shows that the studies recommending the introduction of systems thinking in primary- or lower secondary-school education did not measure students’ ability to think forward and backward between concrete objects and systems models. The analysis contributes to a discussion about useful preparatory learning and teaching trajectories, preceding the formal introduction of systems thinking.

Evaluating the impact of subjective physical activity status and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity on physical and mental health-related quality of life (QOL) in young adults after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.

The serum amyloid A protein is one of the major reactants in the acute-phase response. Using representational difference analysis comparing RNA from normal and involuting quarters of a dairy cow mammary gland, we found an mRNA encoding the SAA3 protein (M-SAA3). The M-SAA3 mRNA was localized to restricted populations of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs). It was expressed at a moderate level in late pregnancy, at a low level through lactation, was induced early in milk stasis, and expressed at high levels in most MECs during mid to late involution and inflammation/mastitis. The mature M-SAA3 peptide was expressed in Escherichia coli, antibodies made, and shown to have antibacterial activity against E. coli, Streptococcus uberis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that the mammary SAA3 may have a role in protection of the mammary gland during remodelling and infection and possibly in the neonate gastrointestinal tract.

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of oral extended continuous temozolomide in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) not responding to immunotherapy after removal of the primary tumor.Patients with progressive metastatic RCC received protracted temozolomide 100 mg/m2orally on days 1-21 every 28 days. Response was assessed after 2 cycles to be followed by another 2 cycles in the absence of progression. After 4 cycles only patients with further remission and acceptable toxicity were to continue.No objective responses were observed in 12 patients and the trial was stopped prematurely in stage 1. Six patients remained stable during 4 cycles of temozolomide (4 months), only one of these remained stable for another 2 months after having stopped treatment. Five patients progressed after the initial 2 cycles and one after the first cycle. Overall survival was 15.5 months (range 1-36 months).Repeated cycles of 3 weeks oral temozolomide 100 mg/m2followed by one week rest proved tolerable though this regimen may only have limited activity against metastatic RCC.