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Searching for cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory small molecules will open a new horizon to design eco-friendly antiinsectants and anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents since we encounter to drug resistance against available drugs/toxins. Here, the ChE inhibitory activity of methyl alcohol extracts of Ricinus communisL. (RC) has been investigated in vitro and its mechanism was mined computationally. The beans of RCshowed anti-ChE properties for acetyl-ChE (AChE) of 65.33% and for butyryl-ChE (BChE) of 49.00%. The methyl alcohol extract of RCleaves showed lesser inhibitory effects of 27.67% for AChE than 5.67% for BChE. In silico findings showed that among phytochemicals found in RC, stigmasterol oleate, fucosterol, trachylobane, lupeol, casbene, and alpha-amyrin have a trustful binding affinity (BA) of − 12.2, − 11.9, − 10.6, − 10.4, − 10.2, and − 9.9 kcal/mol with AChE, respectively, while beta-tocopherol, beyerene and kaurene have same negative BA − 9.8 kcal/mol. Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol showed identical BA of − 9.6 kcal/mol. In this regard, delta-tocopherol and beta-amyrin showed BA of − 9.5 (kcal/mol), therefore all phytochemicals may be considered putative binders of AChE. In this line, alpha- and beta-amyrin, lupeol, stigmasterol oleate, fucosterol, casbene, beyerene, and catechin found in RCshowed greater BA of − 11.3, − 11, − 10.7, − 9.6, − 9.6, − 9.5, − 9.3, and − 9 kcal/mol while alpha-tocopherol, kaurene, and trachylobane have identical BA at − 8.8 kcal/mol, therefore, they may inhibit BChE. In sum, RCcan be considered as a natural factory of anti-ChE lead-like molecules that was gifted by Mesopotamian medicine and Kurdish ethnomedicine to the modern biopharmaceuticals.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ingestion of powder of hemp seed on blood picture. This study was experienced on five guinea pigs that fed with normal diet (fresh vegetable and tab water), in addition were force-fed 5 g/kg/day of the powder of hemp seed for 60 days by means of an endogastric tube and syringe. At the beginning day and the termination of study day-60 the blood was taken from animals and the erythrocyte number, leukocyte number, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin concentration values were determined. The result on analysis showed that erythrocyte-count and PCV significantly decreased (p < 0.05) whereas hemoglobin concentration and leukocyte number values showed a steady decline which was not significant (P 0.05). None of the values fell below the normal physiological range of the experimental animals. This shows that hemp seed which contains tetrahydrocannabinols as its active constituents has long term significant toxicological implication such as bone marrow suppression with respect to the concentration given on the erythrocytes of mammals. It is recommended that individuals who have anemia or immunity complication should not use hemp seed in their food preparation on regular basis.