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Cardiopulmonary bypass has been speculated to elicit systemic inflammation to initiate acute lung injury (ALI), including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in patients after cardiac surgery. We previously found that post-operative patients showed an increase in endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (eEVs) with components of coagulation and acute inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism underlying the onset of ALI owing to the release of eEVs after cardiopulmonary bypass, remains unclear. Plasma plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and eEV levels were measured in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass. Endothelial cells and mice (C57BL/6, Toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4−/−) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS−/−)) were challenged with eEVs isolated from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells. Plasma PAI-1 and eEVs were remarkably enhanced after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma PAI-1 elevation was positively correlated with the increase in eEVs. The increase in plasma PAI-1 and eEV levels was associated with post-operative ARDS. The eEVs derived from PAI-1-stimulated endothelial cells could recognize TLR4 to stimulate a downstream signaling cascade identified as the Janus kinase 2/3 (JAK2/3)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) pathway, along with iNOS induction, and cytokine/chemokine production in vascular endothelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, ultimately contributing to ALI. ALI could be attenuated by JAK2/3 or STAT3 inhibitors (AG490 or S3I-201, respectively), and was relieved in TLR4−/−and iNOS−/−mice. eEVs activate the TLR4/JAK3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling pathway to induce ALI/ARDS by delivering follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), and FSTL1 knockdown in eEVs alleviates eEV-induced ALI/ARDS. Our data thus demonstrate that cardiopulmonary bypass may increase plasma PAI-1 levels to induce FSTL1-enriched eEVs, which target the TLR4-mediated JAK2/3/STAT3/IRF-1 signaling cascade and form a positive feedback loop, leading to ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS after cardiac surgery.

We previously demonstrated that normal high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) can promote angiogenesis, whereas HDL from patients with coronary artery disease (dHDL) is dysfunctional and impairs angiogenesis. Autophagy plays a critical role in angiogenesis, and HDL regulates autophagy. However, it is unclear whether nHDL and dHDL regulate angiogenesis by affecting autophagy. Endothelial cells (ECs) were treated with nHDL and dHDL with or without an autophagy inhibitor. Autophagy, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, miRNA expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, superoxide anion (O2•−) generation, EC migration, and tube formation were evaluated. nHDL suppressed the expression of miR-181a-5p, which promotes autophagy and the expression of eNOS, resulting in NO production and the inhibition of O2•−generation, and ultimately increasing in EC migration and tube formation. dHDL showed opposite effects compared to nHDL and ultimately inhibited EC migration and tube formation. We found that autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) was a direct target of miR-181a-5p. ATG5 silencing or miR-181a-5p mimic inhibited nHDL-induced autophagy, eNOS expression, NO production, EC migration, tube formation, and enhanced O2•−generation, whereas overexpression of ATG5 or miR-181a-5p inhibitor reversed the above effects of dHDL. ATG5 expression and angiogenesis were decreased in the ischemic lower limbs of hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor null (LDLr−/−) mice when compared to C57BL/6 mice. ATG5 overexpression improved angiogenesis in ischemic hypercholesterolemic LDLr−/−mice. Taken together, nHDL was able to stimulate autophagy by suppressing miR-181a-5p, subsequently increasing eNOS expression, which generated NO and promoted angiogenesis. In contrast, dHDL inhibited angiogenesis, at least partially, by increasing miR-181a-5p expression, which decreased autophagy and eNOS expression, resulting in a decrease in NO production and an increase in O2•−generation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which HDL affects angiogenesis by regulating autophagy and provide a therapeutic target for dHDL-impaired angiogenesis.

Calcium carbonate whisker is a new kind of environmental-friendly inorganic material. Some advantages of calcium carbonate whisker such as low manufacture cost, simple preparation condition and excellent properties draw a lot of attention and make it higher potential competitive in the market. This review summarizes the research progress of calcium carbonate whiskers prepared with the different methods such as carbonation method, metathesis reaction method, sol-gel method, urea hydrolysis method and gravity crystallization method, and describes the research status in diverse applications of calcium carbonate whisker in enforcement of composite materials, being as filler of paper-making and additives in friction materials.

Phosphogypsum is a kind of by-product of the phosphate fertilizer production process, mostly in the form of CaSO4·2H2O, the analytical determination of the content of the main component is the basis for the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum. This paper introduces three analytic procedure to determinate the content of crystal water, SO42-, Ca2+ to calculate the CaSO4 content of phosphogypsum, through a comparison between the results of three methods, we can conclude that granularity of phosphogypsum has the smallest influence on the crystal water determination method, but only applicable to determination of gypsum containing crystal water in single phase. However, the measure of SO42-, Ca2+ is not restricted by the phosphogypsum phase, but influenced by the particle size. SO42- determination operation is relatively simple and easy to control, reversely, Ca2+ determination operation is complex and hard to control.

The application of high purity phosphoric acid in industrial production is more and more widely used, especially electronic grade phosphoric acid, and the demand of it has risen year by year. This paper introduces the preparation and research advance of electronic grade phosphoric acid, expounds the principle, advantages and disadvantages and research advance of preparing high purity phosphoric acid by high purity phosphorus oxidation method and phosphoric acid purification method. Using hot process by direct method to prepare high purity electronic grade phosphoric acid is still the mainstream on the current, and the key of technique is the purification of yellow phosphorus and phosphoric acid.

This paper takes the conversion system of sulphuric acid plant made with the sulphur as research object, utilizes Aspen Plus process simulation software to carry out steady state process simulate for the conversion process, and obtains physical property data of all the process streams; utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer software, that the minimum heat transfer temperature difference (ΔTmin) determined is 10 ℃, the temperature-enthalpy composite curve and the pinch temperatures of hot and cold streams are got under the ΔTmin, the energy consumption of heating utilities reaches zero, and cooling utilities use 45 ℃ of desalted water. Simulating for heat exchange network with pinch technology and Simulating the matching design of heat exchange network with Aspen Energy Analyzer software, the heat exchange effect is basically as same as the heat exchange network in actual production.

This paper takes the conversion system of sulphuric acid plant made with the sulphur as research object, utilizes Aspen Energy Analyzer software and pinch technology to improve and optimize for the current heat exchange network of conversion system. The heat exchange network optimized by Aspen software is under the premise of reaching the requirement of heat exchange, its heat transfer area, utilities and operating cost reaches the minimum, achieving energy saving, and it provides a new approach for the optimal design of heat exchange network.

The phosphogypsum is a byproduct of the phosphorus chemical industry, which has not high utilization ratio, is the main area of stockpiling and affects the environment and the sustainable development of phosphorus chemical enterprises. Based on the sulfur resources utilization status from the existing phosphogypsum in the article, the use patterns on the phosphogypsum are divided into three types of hot, wet and biological methods, and there are the reviews on the utilization status of the various methods.

This article took the sodium sulfate and calcium chloride as the raw material and prepared calcium sulfate whiskers by hydrothermal method. The experimental results show that the calcium sulfate precursors are prepared by the reverse feed mode in which the sodium sulfate solution drop into the calcium chloride solution under the solution concentration 0.6 mol/L and the molar ratio of Na2SO4 to CaCl2 at 1:1.8. The precursors were placed in pH=6.12 hydrothermal environments and treated in the autoclave at 140 °C for 4 h to obtain the calcium sulfate whiskers having for the ratio of length to diameter at 97.5 and the better morphology.

The possibility of decomposition of cefotaxime sodium wastewater by ultrasonic Fenton method was discussed in this paper. The influence of various experimental parameters on the decomposition of the wastewater was investigated. The experiment results showed that 44.1% of COD can be removed and the value of BOD5/COD increased up to 0.99, revealing that the combined ultrasonic Fenton technology is an effectively method to treat the cefotaxime sodium wastewater.