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The selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was achieved to produce saturated carbonyl compounds with aqueous HI solution. The introduction of an aryl group at an αor βposition efficiently facilitated the reduction with good yield. The reaction was applicable to compounds bearing carboxylic acids and halogen atoms. Through the investigation of the reaction mechanism, it was found that Michael-type addition of iodide occurred to produce β-iodo compounds followed by the reduction of C-I bond via anionic and radical paths.The selective reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was achieved to produce saturated carbonyl compounds with aqueous HI solution. The introduction of aryl group at αor βposition was efficient to proceed the reduction with a good yield. The reaction was able to apply the compounds bearing carboxylic acid and halogen atom.

The development of new anchoring groups is important to facilitate effective co‐sensitization in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Herein, stable organic D–π–A dyes that contain new heterocyclic hydantoin‐based anchoring groups have been designed, synthesized, and used in DSSCs. These dye sensitizers were evaluated in terms of their absorption spectra, electrochemical properties, and performance in DSSC devices. Although only one‐third of the amount of hydantoin‐containing dyes adsorbed onto TiO2relative to their cyanoacrylic‐acid‐containing analogues, they exhibited effective photoexcited electron‐transfer properties. External quantum efficiencies of over 80 % was observed, which were comparable to those of the cyanoacrylic‐acid‐containing dyes. In addition, the new hydantoin‐containing dyes exhibited significant robustness, which could allow improved stability of their corresponding photovoltaic devices under harsh conditions, such as high temperature and humidity. Too young to dye: D–π–A dyes with new anchoring groups have been designed, synthesized, and used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were evaluated in terms of their absorption spectra, electrochemical properties, and device performance. Hydantoin‐containing dyes displayed effective photoexcited electron‐transfer properties.

Iod als neues Element wurde im Zusammenhang mit den Napoleonischen Kriegen 1811 entdeckt. Zum Anlass dieses zweihundertjährigen Jubiläums möchten wir auf die Geschichte der Erforschung und Nutzung dieses Elements zurückblicken und die vielen Facetten der Iodforschung beleuchten, die sich seit der Entdeckung herausgebildet haben. Iod beeinflusst viele Aspekte des Lebens auf der Erde und der menschlichen Zivilisation. Es wird in hohen Konzentrationen von marinen Algen akkumuliert, die die Ursache für einen bedeutenden Eintrag von Iod in die Küstenatmosphäre sind und dabei klimatische Prozesse beeinflussen. In marinen Sedimenten wird Iod als biophiles Element angesehen. Iod ist entscheidend für die Schilddrüsenfunktion von Wirbeltieren und damit von großer Bedeutung für die menschliche Gesundheit. Iod kommt in einer großen Zahl von Oxidationszuständen vor und zeichnet sich durch eine vielfältige supramolekulare Chemie aus. Iod ist einer Reihe analytischer Techniken zugänglich, und Iodverbindungen werden vielfach in organischen Synthesen eingesetzt. Elementares Iod wird in industriellen Größenordnungen produziert und findet ein breites Spektrum industrieller Anwendungen, insbesondere bei innovativen Werkstoffen wie Halbleitern – besonders auch in Solarzellen.

Iodine was discovered as a novel element in 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. To celebrate the bicentennial anniversary of this event we reflect on the history and highlight the many facets of iodine research that have evolved since its discovery. Iodine has an impact on many aspects of life on Earth as well as on human civilization. It is accumulated in high concentrations by marine algae, which are the origin of strong iodine fluxes into the coastal atmosphere which influence climatic processes, and dissolved iodine is considered a biophilic element in marine sediments. Iodine is central to thyroid function in vertebrates, with paramount implications for human health. Iodine can exist in a wide range of oxidation states and it features a diverse supramolecular chemistry. Iodine is amenable to several analytical techniques, and iodine compounds have found widespread use in organic synthesis. Elemental iodine is produced on an industrial scale and has found a wide range of applications in innovative materials, including semiconductors—in particular, in solar cells.

Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) consisting of amylose/porous Al2O3film/ionic liquid films (Am-Al/IL film) are reported. The surface of straight nanopores in the Al2O3film was modified with amylose and these nanopores were filled with ionic-liquid-type electrolytes. The ionic liquid did not leak from these nanopores of the film. The photovoltaic performance of the QDSC consisting of Am-Al/IL films was almost the same as that before the solidification, despite that the film was occupied with 50% of electrochemically inactive Al2O3wall. It was found that the iodine was adsorbed on the straight wall of Am–Al films and the apparent diffusion coefficient of I3−species was almost the same as that in the parent liquid electrolyte. From these results and our previous reports, we propose QDSC structures consisting of two-carrier-density layers (I−/I3−)with low and high carrier concentrations for high-efficiency cells. A bulk area between a counter electrode and a TiO2electrode is occupied with a high-carrier-density medium (I−/I3−), and TiO2nanopores are filled with a low-carrier-density medium (I−/I3−). The former increases the conductivity and the latter suppresses the back electron transfer from the TiO2layer to redox species.

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