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Besides clustering and classification, detection of atypical elements (outliers, rare elements) is one of the most fundamental problems in contemporary data analysis. However, contrary to clustering and classification, an atypical element detection task does not possess any natural quality (performance) index. The subject of the research presented here is the creation of one. It will enable not only evaluation of the results of a procedure for atypical element detection, but also optimization of its parameters or other quantities. The investigated quality index works particularly well with frequency types of such procedures, especially in the presence of substantial noise. Using a nonparametric approach in the design of this index practically frees the proposed method from the distribution in the dataset under examination. It may also be successfully applied to multimodal and multidimensional cases.

We study the structure of solutions of the interior Bernoulli free boundary problem for (-Δ)α/2on an interval Dwith parameter λ>0. In particular, we show that there exists a constant λα,D>0(called the Bernoulli constant) such that the problem has no solution for λ∈(0,λα,D), at least one solution for λ=λα,Dand at least two solutions for λ>λα,D. We also study the interior Bernoulli problem for the fractional Laplacian for an interval with one free boundary point. We discuss the connection of the Bernoulli problem with the corresponding variational problem and present some conjectures. In particular, we show for α=1that there exists solutions of the interior Bernoulli free boundary problem for (-Δ)α/2on an interval which are not minimizers of the corresponding variational problem.

Pharmacy-based immunization services have expanded since the mid-1990s but still face multiple challenges. Amendments to the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act broadened patient-care scope and the pool of eligible pharmacy personnel who could administer vaccinations. The expiration of these amendments in 2024 may threaten recent gains in vaccine and other health care access newly available through pharmacies.

In field trials, pot and incubation experiments, an evaluation was made of the use of elemental sulfur for crop plants. A 4-year field trial was done with increasing doses of elemental sulfur: 15, 30 or 45kgha−1using the random block method. Cultivated plants were oilseed rape and winter wheat. The pot experiments determined the reaction of plants (white mustard, wheat, rape and corn) to fertilization with particulate elemental sulfur. The incubation experiments studied the effect of elemental sulfur on the changes in the level of sulphates(VI) and pH in the soil. The experiments showed a positive reaction in the cultivated plants to fertilization with elemental sulfur, as seen by the significant increase in yields and in the uptake of this element. Analysis of the vegetation experiments shows that the ratio of N:S in plants is a good predictor of the nutritional status of sulfur in plants. Annual fertilization with increasing doses of elemental sulfur led to a residual effect that was evident from the second year of the study. Sulfur fertilization had a positive impact on the quality of rape seeds by increasing the fat content and a negative impact by increasing the content of glucosinolates. The sulfur balance determined by the soil surface method showed that the optimal doses for winter rape were 30kgha−1of elemental sulfur and for winter wheat 15kgSha−1. Elemental sulfur granulated to a grain size of <0.1mm was just as effective on cultivated plants as the application of soil fertilizer in the form of sulphates(VI).

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of partnership for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of the sponsorship of the 2014 men’s FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) World Cup on host city residents’ evaluations of sponsors. One hundred sixty Rio de Janeiro residents participated in the experiment. The results showed that partnerships with FIFA or the Brazilian government, which are both accused of mismanagement and corruption, worsened attitudes toward the sponsor compared to a CSR engagement without a partnership. Thus, adverse effects when partnering for CSR were found. Furthermore, the linkage to FIFA made the sponsor more dependent on the host city residents’ overall evaluation of the sports federation. The dependency on FIFA can be good or bad for sponsor brands: attitude to the sponsor and, hence, behavioral intentions to engage with the sponsor increase (decrease) with better (worse) attitude toward the sports federation.

To assess (1) the practices, attitudes, and perceptions of immunizing chain community pharmacists regarding implementation of immunization services per the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice and (2) how community pharmacists view the effectiveness of corporate initiatives toward improving immunization volumes.

Extracting useful information from astronomical observations represents one of the most challenging tasks of data exploration. This is largely due to the volume of the data acquired using advanced observational tools. While other challenges typical for the class of big data problems (like data variety) are also present, the size of datasets represents the most significant obstacle in visualization and subsequent analysis. This paper studies an efficient data condensation algorithm aimed at providing its compact representation. It is based on fast nearest neighbor calculation using tree structures and parallel processing. In addition to that, the possibility of using approximate identification of neighbors, to even further improve the algorithm time performance, is also evaluated. The properties of the proposed approach, both in terms of performance and condensation quality, are experimentally assessed on astronomical datasets related to the GAIA mission. It is concluded that the introduced technique might serve as a scalable method of alleviating the problem of the dataset size.

This article concerns the issue of thermal degradation process of fuels, important from the perspective of the operation of turbine engines, especially in the context of new fuels/bio-fuels and their implementation. The studies of the kerosene-based jet fuel (Jet A-1) and its blends with synthetic components manufactured according to HEFA and ATJ technology, were presented. Both technologies are currently approved by ASTM D7566 to produce components to be added to turbine fuels. Test rig investigations were carried out according to specific methodology which reflects the phenomena taking place in fuel systems of turbine engines. The mechanism of thermal degradation process was assessed on the basis of test results for selected properties, IR spectroscopy and calculation of activation energy. The results show that with the increase of the applied temperature there is an increment of the content of solid contaminants, water and acid for all tested fuels. Thermal degradation process is different for conventional jet fuel when compared to blends, but also semi-synthetic fuels distinguished by different thermal stability depending on a given manufacturing technology.

This article presents the results of investigations focused on the role of molecularly ordered structures (molecular clusters) on combustion process. The proposed new mechanism of the reactions initiation takes into account the role of molecular clusters in energy (heat and energy of electrons emitted by the surface of the walls of combustion chamber) conductivity regulation. Literature survey shows that molecular clusters created by aromatic hydrocarbons are responsible for particulate matter. The combustion process itself is not uniform in whole combustion chamber. Such diversity, caused mainly by heterogeneous thermal state of combustion chamber is recognized as significant reason to create various products of combustion including carbon oxides, carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides. Jet fuel and its blends with n-butanol and biobutanol in concentration from 10 to 75 % (V/V) were subjected to laboratory tests. Such blends were also tested on the test rig with a miniature turbojet engine – MiniJETRig. Engine operating parameters and carbon oxide emission were measured. The relations between electrical conductivity and parameters of engine test (e.g. temperature in selected points in combustion chamber) were assessed. Engine tests were carried out according to specific profile of engine test, which models different engine operating modes. The results of experimental investigations, shown in the article, initially confirm the proposed mechanism of the oxidation reactions initiation during combustion process.

The topic of developing a methodology and a stand test for the evaluation of materials intended for the construction of tribogenerators has been actualized in this article. The proposed method concerns the use of sliding friction in the course of which the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy using the triboelectric and electrostatic effect. The stand test scheme and research methodology are discussed. A preliminary study of friction pairs was carried out, proving the effectiveness of the methodology.

Hydrocarbon containing synthetic fuels represent a promising alternative fuels. Despite different chemical compositions, their properties should be similar to properties of mineral fuels, as they are designed for the same drive units. The basic parameter related to the protection of the adequate service life of the power supply devices, including precision pairs, is lubricity. Lubricity depends on a number of factors, including these related to the chemical composition of fuel components and operating additives introduced into fuels in order to modify their properties. The preliminary results of research on the effect of additives: lubricating, anti-corrosion and anti-electrostatic once, on the lubricating properties of a synthetic fuel are shown in the paper. It was observed that there are relations between the content of additives and the dynamics of film formation. It is significant that this does not apply only to the lubricating additive, but also the additive, which protects the correct electrostatic balance by providing sufficiently high electrical conductivity of the fuel. This may indicate that the formation of a lubricating film remains in relation to the intensity of energy transport from the lubricated surface to the molecules of lubricating additives inside the film. The results shown in the paper preliminary confirm the hypothesis, that synthetic components of fuels change the concentration of ordered molecular structures (which are present in mineral part of fuels and which can be responsible for energy transport inside the lubricating film), what resulted in worse fuel ability to create protective film, and anti-electrostatic additive improves lubricity of blends of synthetic and mineral components.

A comparison of kriging and moving window kriging (MWK) on a sphere is performed on GNSS/levelling data. The study was to give the answer on whether there is a significant gain in prediction accuracy when we apply an MWK instead of ‘classical’ kriging and also to what extent the use of global geopotential model EGM2008 improves prediction. The quality of prediction for all kriging and data variants has been investigated on three regions (being on the territory of the conterminous USA) characterised with a different spatial extent and density of sampling. Numerical tests revealed that in case of high-sampling density there was no accuracy gain when using MWK instead of classical kriging (cK). In contrast, for less numerous datasets and a much larger spatial extent (low-sampling density) MWK adapts itself to data much better than cK. Incorporation of EGM2008-based undulations as a long-wavelength trend for both cases (classical and moving window) significantly improved prediction quality.

AbstractWe introduce a new family of shift spaces—the subordinate shifts. Using subordinate shifts, we prove in an elementary way that for every nonnegative real number tthere is a shift space with entropy t.

The aim of this article is presentation of the new method of preliminary evaluation of biocomponents influence on the process of biofuels combustion in aviation turbine engines. This method is based on the tests of evaluated biofuels on engine stand MiniJetRig equipped with small turbine engine. The idea of this new method is to compare the combustion process of evaluated biofuel with the combustion of reference fuels. The reference fuel used in presented research was mineral Jet A1. Two compositions of pure hydrocarbons were blended with Jet A1 fuel and tested using MiniJetRig. The main criterion of combustion process assessment was CO concentration in exhaust gases. As the final criterion of evaluated biofuel the ∆CO= [COWx– COJet] was adopted, where COWx– the concentration of CO in exhaust gases emitted during combustion of evaluated fuel and COJet– the concentration of CO in exhaust gases emitted during combustion of Jet A1 fuel. This method was preliminary verified using HEFA biofuel previously accepted for aviation application. The obtained results qualify this biofuel as similar to Jet A1 ones – the DCO was within limits –30 – +20. The presented method needs further research, using much more evaluated fuels, to confirm their usefulness for laboratory pre-selection of new biofuels.

Aims.We analyze the properties of VIRGO detector with the aim of studying its ability to search for coalescing black hole binaries. We focus on the remnants of the Population III stars, which currently should be massive black holes (∼$100{-}1000~M_\odot$), some of them bound in binary systems. The coalescence of such binaries due to emission of gravitational waves may be currently observable.

A worldwide trend to popularise gradually increasing use of biofuels in various applications was a motivation for gaining interest in FAME as a commonly available biocomponent to fuels combusted in turbine engines. These engines are mainly used in aeronautics, but many of them are also used in other, non-aeronautical areas, including marine navigation. Specific conditions in which fuels are combusted in turbine engines used in these applications are the reason why fuel mixtures of kerosene and FAME type should reveal relevant low temperature characteristics. The article presents results of tests of low temperature properties of mixtures of the jet fuel Jet A-1 and methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME). The prepared mixtures contained different contents of FAME. The obtained results present changes of: viscosity, cloud point, pour point, crystallising point, and cold filter plugging point, depending on the percentage by volume of FAME. They also prove that the course of changes of low temperature properties of these mixtures is affected by chemical structure of the biocomponent.

The paper presents a new model of the mechanism of mechanocatalysis and tribocatalysis. The reason for the increase in heterogeneous catalysis effect after mechanical activation of a catalyst has not been fully understood yet. There is no known theory, which would explain the mechanism of the influence of mechanical energy introduced to catalyst particles on the rate of chemical reaction. All existing theories are based on Arrhenius equation and assume that catalysts increase reaction rate due to decreasing of activation energy E a. We hypothesize that both for standard and catalyzed heterogeneous reactions the same E a (real activation energy) is needed to trigger the reaction processes and the catalytic effect is the result of energy introduced to the reaction system, its accumulation by a catalyst and then emission of high flux of energy to the space near the catalyst particles. This energy emitted by molecules of reagents can reach a value equal to the value of E a at lower ambient temperature than it would result from Arrhenius equation. This hypothesis is based on α i model described in previous papers by Kajdas and Kulczycki as well as the results of tribochemical research described by Hong Liang et al., which demonstrate that the reaction rate is higher than that resulting from temperature.

This article presents the place meanings that 21 rock climbers from Western Canada ascribe to outdoor climbing sites. It takes the form of an interpretive inquiry based on semi-structured interviews through which interviewees provided narratives about their climbing experiences. An analysis of these narratives identified eight place meanings (accessibility, site attributes, variety, social interactions, mecca, learning, exploration, and escape) which were grouped into three dimensions (physical site, social, and experiential). As these themes suggest, the place meanings of climbing sites are complex and multidimensional as articulated by the climbers. Specifically, climbing places were physical places associated with the act of climbing, exploring the site and social interactions that included group inclusion and avoidance.

The paper presents a new model of the mechanism of mechanocatalysis and tribocatalysis. The reason for the increase in heterogeneous catalysis effect after mechanical activation of a catalyst has not been fully understood yet. There is no known theory, which would explain the mechanism of the influence of mechanical energy introduced to catalyst particles on the rate of chemical reaction. All existing theories are based on Arrhenius equation and assume that catalysts increase reaction rate due to decreasing of activation energy Ea. We hypothesize that both for standard and catalyzed heterogeneous reactions the same Ea(real activation energy) is needed to trigger the reaction processes and the catalytic effect is the result of energy introduced to the reaction system, its accumulation by a catalyst and then emission of high flux of energy to the space near the catalyst particles. This energy emitted by molecules of reagents can reach a value equal to the value of Eaat lower ambient temperature than it would result from Arrhenius equation. This hypothesis is based on αimodel described in previous papers by Kajdas and Kulczycki as well as the results of tribochemical research described by Hong Liang et al., which demonstrate that the reaction rate is higher than that resulting from temperature.

A complete gradient clustering algorithm formed with kernel estimatorsThe aim of this paper is to provide a gradient clustering algorithm in its complete form, suitable for direct use without requiring a deeper statistical knowledge. The values of all parameters are effectively calculated using optimizing procedures. Moreover, an illustrative analysis of the meaning of particular parameters is shown, followed by the effects resulting from possible modifications with respect to their primarily assigned optimal values. The proposed algorithm does not demand strict assumptions regarding the desired number of clusters, which allows the obtained number to be better suited to a real data structure. Moreover, a feature specific to it is the possibility to influence the proportion between the number of clusters in areas where data elements are dense as opposed to their sparse regions. Finally, the algorithm—by the detection of oneelement clusters—allows identifying atypical elements, which enables their elimination or possible designation to bigger clusters, thus increasing the homogeneity of the data set.

Individuals with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes have poor humoral immune responses requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We followed individuals with PAD after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination by evaluating their immunoglobulin replacement products and serum for anti-spike binding, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding, and neutralizing activities. The immunoglobulin replacement products tested have low anti-spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers and neutralizing activity. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-naive individuals with PAD, anti-spike and RBD titers increase after mRNA vaccination but wane by 90 days. Those vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop higher and more sustained responses comparable with healthy donors. Most vaccinated individuals with PAD have serum-neutralizing antibody titers above an estimated correlate of protection against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Delta virus but not against Omicron virus, although this is improved by boosting. Thus, some immunoglobulin replacement products likely have limited protective activity, and immunization and boosting of individuals with PAD with mRNA vaccines should confer at least short-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron.

To analyze the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of various brain-derived proteins (14-3-3, Tau, neuron specific enolase NSE, and S100b) in the CSF of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and to analyze biologic factors that modify these parameters.

Let $h:D\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^2$ be a homeomorphism of a disk into the plane. Let $C\subset {\rm int}\,D$ be a Cantor set such that $(C,h|_C)$ is an adding machine. We give a condition under which there are points outside of C which have their entire orbits contained in D.

We prove that the ground-state eigenfunction for symmetric stable processes of order α∈(0,2) killed upon leaving the interval (−1,1) is concave on . We call this property “mid-concavity”. A similar statement holds for rectangles in ℝd, d>1. These result follow from similar results for finite-dimensional distributions of Brownian motion and subordination.

CHRISTON I. ARCHER, JOHN R. FERRIS, HOLGER H. HERWIG, and TIMOTHY H. E. TRAVERS. World History of Warfare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 626. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by John A. LynnANGELOS CHANIOTIS and PIERRE DUCREY, eds. Army and Power in the Ancient World. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. Pp. viii, 204. €44.00, paper. Reviewed by Arthur M. EcksteinMARTIN CARVER, ed. The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. York: York Medieval Press, University of York; Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 588. $130.00 (US). Reviewed by John HoweDANIEL CANER. Wandering, Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 325. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by John J. ContreniHUGH KENNEDY. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xix, 229. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Walter E. KaegiJEREMY JOHNS. Arabic Administration in Norman Sicily: The Royal Dīwān. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xviii, 389. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by James M. PowellDIRK HOERDER. Cultures in Contact: World Migrations in the Second Millennium. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xxii, 779. $100.00 (US). Reviewed by J. R. McNeillNORMAN HOUSLEY. Religious Warfare in Europe, 1400–1536. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 238. $105.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Thomas A. FudgeSCOTT C. LEVI. The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Pp. ix, 319. €72.00; DAVID ZWEIG. Internationalizing China: Domestic Interests and Global Linkages. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 291. $22.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by S. A. M. AdsheadHENRY HELLER. Anti-ltalianism in Sixteenth-Century France. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. Pp. ix, 307. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Michael WolfeWADE G. DUDLEY. Drake: For God, Queen, and Plunder. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003. Pp. xiv, 96. $19.95 (US). Reviewed by G. V. ScammellALISON WEIR. Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley. New York: Ballantine, 2003. Pp. xvii, 670. $27.95 (US). Reviewed by Jane E. A. DawsonDAVID FREEDBERG. The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 513. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Steven F. OstrowRICHARD LAWTON and ROBERT LEE, eds. Population and Society in Western European Port-Cities, c. 1650–1939. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2002; dist. Portland: ISBS. Pp. xx, 385. –75.95 (US). Reviewed by Dudley BainesPETER KRUGER and PAUL W. SCHRODER, eds., in co-operation with KATJA WUSTENBECKER. 'The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848': Episode or Model in Modern History?Munster: Lit Verlag, 2002. Pp. 356. €35.90. Reviewed by James J. SheehanROBERT L. SCHEINA. Latin America's Wars: I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003. Pp. xxviii, 569. $29.95 (US), paper; CHRIS LEUCHARS. To the Bitter End: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. Pp. vi, 254. $68.95 (US). Reviewed by Timothy E. AnnaJOHN GASCOIGNE, with the assistance of PATRICIA CURTHOYS. The Enlightenment and the Origins of European Australia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 233. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Marian QuartlyROBERT J. ANTONY and JANE KATE LEONARD, eds. Dragons, Tigers, and Dogs: Qing Crisis Management and the Boundaries of State Power in Late Imperial China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University East Asia Program, 2002. Pp. xiii, 333. $19.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by John W. DardessJOEL MOKYR. The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 359. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by David LindenfeldDANIEL H. BAYS and GRANT WACKER, eds. The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home: Explorations in North American Cultural History. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 2003. Pp. x, 332. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by A. Hamish IonMIMI COLLIGAN. Canvas Documentaries: Panoramic Entertainments in Nineteenth-Century Australia and New Zealand. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2002; dist. Chicago: Paul & Company. Pp. xvi, 250. $32.95 (US). Reviewed by Philippa Mein SmithMICHAEL STURMA. South Sea Maidens: Western Fantasy and Sexual Politics in the South Pacific. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. Pp. x, 193. $63.95 (US) Reviewed by Vicki LukerSUDIPTA SEN. Distant Sovereignty: National Imperialism and the Origins of British India. New York and London: Routledge, 2002. Pp. xxxi, 216. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. J. MarshallCHARLES ESDAILE. The Peninsular War: A New History. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 587. $49.99 (CDN). Reviewed by Philip G. DwyerMARKUS MOSSLANG, SABINE FREITAG, and PETER WENDE, eds. British Envoys to Germany, 1816–1866: II: 1830–1847. New York: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society in Association with the German Historical Institute, London, 2002. Pp. xxiii, 600. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by John ClarkeSEYMOUR DRESCHER. The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor versus Slavery in British Emancipation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. 307. $50.00 (US). Reviewed by Ralph A. AustenPATRICK KARL O'BRIEN and ARMAND CLESSE, eds. Two Hegemonies: Britain 1846–1914 and the United States 1941–2001. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2002. Pp. xiii, 369. $84.95 (US). Reviewed by William R. ThompsonHOLLIS CLAYSON. Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870–71). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2002. Pp. xxxi, 485. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Gay L. GullicksonJEFFREY W. CODY. Exporting American Architecture, 1870–2000. London and New York: Routledge, 2003. Pp. xviii, 205. $39-95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Annabel Jane WhartonMICHAEL SCHMID. Der ≫Eiserne Kanzler≪ und die Generäle: Deutsche Rüstungs-politik in der Ära Bismarck (1871–1890). Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. xii, 751. €65.00. Reviewed by Ulrich TrumpenerJULIE A. CHARLIP. Cultivating Coffee: The Farmers ofCarazo, Nicaragua, 1880–1930. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 2003. Pp. xiv, 288. $28.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by James ThompsonROBERT O. COLLINS. The Nile. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 260. $39.95 (US); HEATHER J. SHARKEY. Living with Colo-nialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 232. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. W. DalyCRAIG WILCOX. Australia's Boer War: The War in South Africa, 1899–1902. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii, 541. $75.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Keith SurridgeMARGARET MACMILLAN and FRANCINE MCKENZIE, eds. Parties Long Estranged: Canada and Australia in the Twentieth Century. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 288. $85.00 (CDN), cloth; $29.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Coral BellMARK BLYTH. Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 284. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by James K. GalbraithDANIEL JOSEPH WALTHER. Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 268. $26.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Jan-Bart GewaldSTEVEN G. MARKS. How Russia Shaped the Modern World: From Art to Anti-Semitism, Ballet to Bolshevism. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 393. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by William G. RosenbergRICHARD F. HAMILTON and HOLGER H. HERWIG, eds. The Origins of World War I. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 537. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Dominic LievenCHARLES DE GAULLE. The Enemy's House Divided, trans, and annotated, and with an intro., by Robert Eden. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. 1, 177. $53.75 (CDN). Reviewed by John S. HillSTÉPHANE AUDOIN-ROUZEAU and ANNETTE BECKER. 1914–1918: Understanding the Great War, trans. Catherine Temerson. London: Profile Books, 2002. Pp. v, 280. £15.00. Reviewed by Brian BondPAUL NUGENT. Smugglers, Secessionists, and Loyal Citizens on the Ghana-Togo Frontier: The Lie of the Borderlands since 1914. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 302. –24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Dimitri Van Den BersselaarROGER CHICKERING and STIG FÖRSTER, eds. The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939. Washington: German Historical Institute, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. x, 364. –60.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian F. W. BeckettGAYNOR JOHNSON. The Berlin Embassy of Lord D'Abernon, 1920–1926. Basing-stoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xi, 221. –65.00 (US). Reviewed by Andrew J. CrozierIGNÁC ROMSICS. The Dismantling of Historic Hungary: The Peace Treaty of Trianon, 1920, trans. Mario D. Fenyo. Boulder: East European Monographs; Wayne, NJ: Center for Hungarian Studies and Publications, 2002; dist. New York: Columbia University Press. Pp. v, 201. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas SakmysterALAN DAWLEY. Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. x, 409. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by David S. FoglesongPRASENJIT DUARA. Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. Pp. xiii, 306. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by John J. StephanSANDRA WILSON. The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931–33. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp. 252. $95.00 (US). Reviewed by Antony BestIAN NISH. Japanese Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. x, 212. $65.95 (US). Reviewed by Frederick DickinsonRAINER F. SCHMIDT. Die Aussenpolitik des Dritten Reiches, 1933–1939. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 2002. Pp. 448. €25.00. Reviewed by Erich J. HahnHENRY G. GOLE. The Road to Rainbow: Army Planning for Global War, 1934–1940. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 224. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Mark A. StolerHELEN GRAHAM. The Spanish Republic at War, 1936–1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 472. $70.00 (US), cloth; $26.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Willard C. Frank, Jr.FLORENTINO RODAO. Franco y el imperio japonés: Imágenes y propaganda en tiempos de guerra. Barcelona: Plaza and Janés, 2002. Pp. 668. €18.00 Reviewed by Raanan ReinALEXANDER B. ROSSINO. Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atro-city. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003. Pp. xv, 343. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by John J. KulczyckiRICHARD F. HILL. Hitler Attacks Pearl Harbor: Why the United States Declared War on Germany. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 2003. Pp. vii, 227. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert Freeman SmithPETER SCHRIJVERS. The GI War against Japan: American Soldiers in Asia and the Pacific during World War II.New York: New York University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 320. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Marc GallicchioJON LATIMER. Alamein. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 400. $27.95 (US); MARK JOHNSTON and PETER STANLEY. Alamein: The Australian Story. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 314. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Saul KellyCHARLIE WHITHAM. Bitter Rehearsal: British and American Planning for a Post-war West Indies. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xxxvi, 224. –69.95 (US). Reviewed by J. Simon RofeJONATHAN E. LEWIS. Spy Capitalism: Itek and the CIA. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. Pp. vi, 329. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Alan WarburtonWILLIAM GLENN GRAY. Germany's Cold War: The Global Campaign to Isolate East Germany, 1949–1969. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 351. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Wilfried LothGREG DONAGHY. Tolerant Allies: Canada and the United States, 1963–1968. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 235. $75.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Edelgard MahantROBERT J. TOPMILLER. The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam, 1964–1966. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2002. Pp. xii, 214. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Edwin E. MoïseROBERT HOPKINS MILLER. Vietnam and Beyond: A Diplomat's Cold War Education. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 247. $36.50 (US). Reviewed by Lloyd C. GardnerPIERRE ASSELIN. A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi, and the Making of the Paris Agreement. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xx, 272. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Jussi M. HanhimäkiM. S. KOHLI and KENNETH CONBOY. Spies in the Himalayas: Secret Missions and Perilous Climbs. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xi, 226. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert J. McMahonJOHN PRADOS. Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xvii, 380. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Timothy N. CastlePETER H. KOEHN and XIAO-HUANG YIN, eds. The Expanding Roles of Chinese Americans in US-China Relations: Transnational Networks and Trans-Pacific Interactions. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2002. Pp. xl, 311. $66.95 (US), cloth; $25.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Gordon H. ChangJEFFREY S. LANTIS. Strategic Dilemmas and the Evolution of German Foreign Policy since Unification. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xiii, 230. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by Stephen F. SzaboFREDERICK H. FLEITZ, JR. Peacekeeping Fiascos of the 1990s: Causes, Solutions, and US Interests. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. xx. 224. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr.HENRY R. NAU. At Home Abroad: Identity and Power in American Foreign Policy. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 314. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Melvyn P. LefflerKRISTIAN SKREDE GLEDITSCH. All International Politics Is Local: The Diffusion of Conflict, Integration, and Democratization. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. x, 266. $47.50 (US). Reviewed by Randall L. SchwellerRICHARD MADSEN and TRACY B. STRONG, eds. The Many and the One: Religious and Secular Perspectives on Ethical Pluralism in the Modern World. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 372. $22.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Dorothy V. Jones.MEHDI MOZAFFARI, ed. Globalization and Civilizations. London and New York: Routledge, 2002. Pp. xiv, 274. $120.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard CrockattKATHERINE BARBIERI. The Liberal Illusion: Does Trade Promote Peace?Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 184. $42.50 (US). Reviewed by Alfred E. Eckes

The present report describes several aspects of the relationship of mutations in the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to phenotype expression of the disease including several clinical vignettes from the authors' experience. The genotype-phenotype relationships in CF are complex, and are affected by many factors, including pollution, smoking, bacterial infection, malnutrition, and certain therapeutic agents. The number of CFTR mutations is growing continuously and rapidly, and more than 1,000 mutations have been discovered so far. From a genetic point of view, the ΔF508 mutation is not only the most frequently encountered but also the most severe genetic lesion for homozygotes. The great clinical variability observed in patients with CF, particularly the severity of lung disease, involvement of the pancreas, and male infertility, are beginning to be better understood through the knowledge, although incomplete, of CFTR mutations and their phenotype expressions. This knowledge has had very significant research and clinical applications in all dimensions of the CF problem. It has not only contributed to the enhancement of better diagnosis and clinical management, but it also has opened new and unanticipated lines of investigation and research. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

SETH SCHWARTZ. Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 BCE to 640 CE.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. xi,320. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by J. B. RivesMICHAEL ADAS, ed., for the American Historical Association. Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History.Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. Pp. x, 363. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by John Karl EvansPATRICKJ. GEARY. The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 199. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by Roger CollinsPAUL STEPHENSON. Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 352. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Lenos MavrommatisDAVID LEVINE. At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001. Pp. vii, 431. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard C. HoffmannYVONNE FRIEDMAN. Encounter between Enemies: Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Pp. xiii, 295. €110.00. Reviewed by James A. BrundageJOS GOMMANS and JACQUES LEIDER, eds. The Maritime Frontier of Burma: Exploring Political, Cultural, and Commercial Interaction in the Indian Ocean World, 1200–1800.Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2002. Pp. xii, 248. €34.00, paper. Reviewed by Anthony DisneyMALCOLM VALE. The Princely Court: Medieval Courts and Culture in North-West Europe, 1270–1380.New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 422. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Julian GardnerPHILIP JACKS and WILLIAM CAFERRO. The Spinelli of Florence: Fortunes of a Renaissance Merchant Family.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001. Pp. xxi, 418. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by John H. MunroMARK CHARLES FISSEL. English Warfare, 1511–1642.London and New York: Routledge,2001. Pp. xviii, 382. $25.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Charles CarltonPAULA SUTTER FICHTNER. Emperor Maximilian II.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 344. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Charles IngraoBENJAMIN SCHMIDT. Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxix, 450. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Christine KooiGRAHAM DARBY, ed. The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt.London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xxi, 175. $15.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. J. Rodriguez-SalgadoKENNETH MORGAN. Slavery, Atlantic Trade, and the British Economy, 1660–1800.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. ix, 120. $39.95 (US), cloth; $11.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Joseph E. InikoriDOUDOU DIÈNE, ed. From Chains to Bonds: The Slave Trade Revisited.New York: Berghahn, 2001; and Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Pp. xxvi, 470. $79.95 (US), cloth; $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Stephen D. BehrendtDAVID PARROTT. Richelieu's Army: War, Government, and Society in France, 1624– 1642.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxiv, 599. $90.00 (US). Reviewed by Orest RanumIAN F. W. BECKETT. Modern Insurgencies and Counter-Insurgencies: Guerrillas and Their Opponents since 1750.London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. ix, 268. $16.99 (US): paper. Reviewed by Bernard NorlingJEREMY BLACK. Western Warfare, 1775–1882.Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 210. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by David GatesDAVID M. PLETCHER. The Diplomacy of Involvement: American Economic Expansion across the Pacific, 1784–1900.Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 2001; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xi, 379. $74.25 (US). Reviewed by Edward P. CrapolVIRGINIA MARTIN. Law and Custom in the Steppe: The Kazakhs of the Middle Horde and Russian Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century.Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001. Pp. xvi, 244. £40.00. Reviewed by Willard SunderlandGABRIELE CLEMENS, ed. Nation und Europa: Studien zum internationalen Staatensystem im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Festschrift fur Peter Krüger zum 65 Geburtstag.Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001. Pp. 350. €61.00. Reviewed by Brendan SimmsSABINE FREITAG and PETER WENDE, eds. British Envoys to Germany, 1816–1866:I: 1816–1829.New York: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society in Association with the German Historical Institute, London, 2001. Pp. xxi, 592. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by John ClarkePARIMAL GHOSH. Brave Men of the Hills: Resistance and Rebellion in Burma, 1825– 1932.Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000. Pp. 197. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Sekhar BandyopadhyayJ. H. WALKER. Power and Prowess: The Origins of Brooke Kingship in Sarawak.Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2002; dist. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pp. xx, 300. $36.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas TarlingEILEEN P. SCULLY. Bargaining with the State from Afar: American Citizenship in Treaty Port China, 1844–1942.New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Pp. x, 306. $19.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by James L. HeviaPAUL LAITY. The British Peace Movement, 1870–1914.New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 270. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Peter BrockLEO T. S. CHING. Becoming ‘Japanese’: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 251. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Paul BarclayLORA WILDENTHAL. German Women for Empire, 1884–1945.Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001. Pp. xi,336. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Woodruff D. SmithWILLIAM F. NIMMO. Stars and Stripes across the Pacific: The United States, Japan, and the Asia/Pacific Region, 1895–1945.Westport: Praeger, 2001. Pp. x, 289. $65.95 (US); WARREN I. COHEN. The Asian American Century.Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 150. $22.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael SchallerDAVID OMISSI and ANDREW S. THOMPSON, eds. The Impact of the South African War.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xvi, 313. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian F. W. BeckettWILLIAM B. MCALLISTER. Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History.London and New York: Routledge, 2000. Pp. xvii, 344. $24.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by Anne L. FosterSTEVE STRIFFLER. In the Shadows of State and Capital: The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador, 1900–1995.Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xi, 242. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Paul J. DosalMARK R. PEATTIE. Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941.Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2002. Pp. xxi, 364. $36.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. BarnhartBEN NOVICK. Conceiving Revolution: Irish Nationalist Propaganda during the First World War.Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. 272. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by David HarknessJOHN HORNE and ALAN KRAMER. German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 608. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Holger H. HerwigJOHN MILTON COOPER, Jr. Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 454. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Lloyd E. AmbrosiusMARLENE J. MAYO, J. THOMAS RIMER, with H. ELEANOR KERKHAM, eds. War, Occupation, and Creativity: Japan and East Asia, 1920–1960.Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 405. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Ralph CroizierHAROLD JAMES. The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression.Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp. vi, 260. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by James M. BoughtonPETER J ACKSON. France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making, 1933– 1939.New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 446. $139.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Joseph A. MaioloMICHAEL THAD ALLEN. The Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps.Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xii, 377. $65.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Geoffrey P. MegargeeGERD HORTEN. Radio Goes to War: The Cultural Politics of Propaganda during World War II.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 218. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Todd BennettGERWIN STROBL. The Germanic Isle: Nazi Perceptions of Britain.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. x, 274. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by Norman J. W. GodaJOZO TOMASEVICH. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1914–1945: Occupation and Collaboration.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 842. $69.50 (US). Reviewed by Richard CramptonDMITRIY LOZA. Attack of the Airacobras: Soviet Aces, American P-39s, and the Air War against Germany,trans, and ed. James F. Gebhardt. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xiii, 369. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Adam ClaasenKENT FEDOROWICH and MARTIN THOMAS, eds. International Diplomacy and Colonial Retreat.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. 260. £35.00. Reviewed by John FlintWYATT WELLS. Antitrust and the Formation of the Postwar World.New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 276. $32.50 (US). Reviewed by Alfred E. EckesWOLFGANG-UWE FRIEDRICH, ed. Germany and America: Essays in Honor of Gerald R. Kleinfeld.New York: Berghahn, 2001. Pp. xi, 324. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Manfred JonasDALE M. HELLEGERS. We, the Japanese People: World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution:I: Washington.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 404; DALE M. HELLEGERS. We, the Japanese People: World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution:II: Tokyo.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 405–826. $99.00 (US) for both vols. Reviewed by Janice MatsumuraBEVERLEY MILTON-EDWARDS and PETER HINCHCLIFFE. Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945.London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xiii, 130. $47.95 (US), cloth; $15.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Tore Tingvold PetersenJENNIFER G. MATHERS. The Russian Nuclear Shield from Stalin to Yeltsin: The Cold War and Beyond.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. ix, 227. $59.95 (US); STEPHEN F. COHEN. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia.New York: W. W. Norton &Company, 2000. Pp. xiv, 304. $21.95 (US). Reviewed by Mark WebberSHIBLEY TELHAMI and MICHAEL BARNETT, eds. Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East.Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. vii, 207. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Donald Malcolm ReidRICHARD MOORE. The Royal Navy and Nuclear Weapons.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. xv, 243. $57.50 (US). Reviewed by Andrew LambertMATTHEW M. AID and CEES WIEBES, eds. Secrets of Signals Intelligence during the Cold War and Beyond.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. 350. $26.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Olav RisteGEROLD KROZEWSKI. Money and the End of Empire: British International Economic Policy and the Colonies, 1947–58.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xiv, 311. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Catherine R. SchenkRAMAKRISHNA KUMAR. Emergency Propaganda: The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds, 1948–1958.Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2002. Pp. xii, 306. £45.00. Reviewed by Nicholas TarlingTHOMAS BORSTELMANN. The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena.Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp. xi, 369. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Penny M. Von EschenROGER HOLDICH, VIVIANNE JOHNSON, and PAMELA ANDRE, eds. Documents on Australian Foreign Policy: The ANZUS Treaty, 1951.Canberra: Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade, 2001. Pp. xxxv, 263. $54.95 (AUS), cloth; $32.95 (AUS), paper. Reviewed by David McLeanJAMES ELLISON. Threatening Europe: Britain and the Creation of the European Community, 1955–58.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2000. Pp. xiii,3io. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin J. DedmanMATTHEW JONES. Conflict and Confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, Indonesia, and the Creation of Malaysia.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxi, 325. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by John W. YoungSAHADEO BASDEO and GRAEME MOUNT. The Foreign Relations of Trinidad and Tobago (1962–2000): The Case of a Small State in the Global Arena.San Juan, Trinidad: Lexicon Trinidad, 2001. Pp. xiv, 274. $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Cary FraserPRISCILLA ROBERTS, ed. Window on the Forbidden City: The Beijing Diaries of David Bruce, 1973–1974.Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 2001. Pp. 653. HK$220.oo, paper. Reviewed by Bryce HarlandC. DALE WALTON. The Myth of Inevitable US Defeat in Vietnam.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xvi, 176. $24.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Andrew PrestonPETER GOLD. Europe or Africa? A Contemporary Study of the Spanish North African Enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla.Liverpool: Liverpool University Press,2000; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. xv, 192. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by Ana I. PlanetTHOMAS G. MOORE. China in the World Market: Chinese Industry and International Sources of Reform in the Post-Mao Era.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii, 344. $65.00 (US), cloth; $24.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by S. A. M. AdsheadNELSON MICHAUD and KIM RICHARD NOSSAL, eds. Diplomatic Departures: The Conservative Era in Canadian Foreign Policy, 1984–93.Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 326. $85.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Francine McKenzieLESLIE FRIEDMAN GOLDSTEIN. Constituting Federal Sovereignty: The European Union in Comparative Context.Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 242. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Peter LeslieTHE RUSSIAN GENERAL STAFF. The Soviet-Afghan War: How a Superpower Fought and Lost,trans, and ed. Lester W. Grau and Michael A. Gress. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xxvii, 364. $17.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Odd Arne WestadPADRAIC KENNEY. A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe, 1989.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 431. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by John J. KulczyckiABBY INNES. Czechoslovakia: The Short Goodbye.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 334. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Victor M. FicHERBERT S. YEE. Macau in Transition: From Colony to Autonomous Region.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xxiii, 208. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Geoffrey C. GunnMUSHIRUL HASAN and NARIAKI NAKAZATO, eds. The Unfinished Agenda: Nation-Building in South Asia.New Delhi: Manohar, 2001. Pp. 536. Rs 800. Reviewed by Anita Inder SinghMICHAEL BARNETT. Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda.Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 215. $25.00 (US). Reviewed by Arthur Jay KlinghofferFRED HALLIDAY. The World at 2000: Perils and Promises.Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2001. Pp. xii, 170. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by John G. DarwinCHARLOTTE HOOPER. Manly States: Masculinities, International Relations, and Gender Politics.New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Pp. x, 297. $18.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Lily H. M. LingROBERT H. WIEBE. Who We Are: A History of Popular Nationalism.Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. xx, 282. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by John BreuillyJOSHUA S. GOLDSTEIN. War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 523. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Sandi E. CooperRICHARD SAULL. Rethinking Theory and History in the Cold War: The State, Military Power, and Social Revolution.London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. xvi, 238. $24.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Robert JervisJOHN A. VASQUEZ, ed. What Do We Know about War?Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. Pp. xvii, 420. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Randall SchwellerTHOMAS A. BRESLIN. Beyond Pain: The Role of Pleasure and Culture in the Making of Foreign Affairs.Westport: Praeger, 2002. Pp. x, 203. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Akira Iriye

Using a fixed point method we investigate the existence of Lipschitzian solutions of the iterative functional equation¶¶ $ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{\infty} \alpha_{i} f^{i}(x) = F(x)\ {\rm for}\ x \in \mathbb{B}, $¶¶ where $ \mathbb{B} $is a compact convex subset of $ \mathbb{R}^N $, and $ F : \mathbb{B} \to \mathbb{B} $is a given Lipschitz function.

Mechanical systems with complex and uncertain models of the resistance to motion are described using random discontinuous differential inclusions. Several practical concepts for sub-time-optimal feedback controllers that provide many applicational advantages, especially in respect to robustness, have been investigated here by generalizing the concept of the classic switching curve to the switching region.

The concept of a statistical inference system suitable for fault detection is presented, including the functions of detection and diagnosis. as well as prediction related to both of them. The mathematical tools are based on the kernel estimators technique. The result is a complete algorithm with a very wide range of applications. The work is focused on the problem of fault detection in dynamic systeJns under automatic control; however, the basic design is universal and can be applied to a wide array of problems. including also those outside the field of engineering.

Component-based software engineering is concerned with predictability in both functional and performance behavior, though most formal techniques have typically focused their attention on the former. Reasoning about the (functional or performance) behavior of a component-based system must be compositional in order to be scalable. Compositional performance reasoning demands that components include performance specifications, in addition to descriptions of functional behavior. Unfortunately, as explained in this paper, classical techniques and notations for performance analysis are either unsuitable or unnatural to capture performance behaviors of generic software components. They fail to work in the presence of parameterization and layering. The paper introduces elements of a compositional approach to performance analysis using a detailed example. It explains that performance specification problems are so basic that there are unresolved research issues to be tackled even for the simplest reusable components. These issues must be tackled by any practical proposal for sound performance reasoning. Only then will software developers be able to engineer new systems by choosing and assembling components that best fit their performance (time and space) requirements.

The paper deals with the time-optimal (minimum-time) control for single-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems with a discontinuous model of resistance to motion. A fuzzy approach is used in the design of suboptimal feedback controllers, convenient in practice thanks to their many advantages, especially in respect to robustness.

Discusses the application of the processes in the association diagnostic toolbox, a peer-review audit and association operating ratio analysis, at the Illinois Home Care Council (IHCC). Criteria of the peer-review process; How the company started a peer review program; How the IHCC applied the benchmark results of its peer review to association operations; Factors that need to be considered in benchmarking.

Validation of rigid-tube bronchoscopy with small-volume (5-ml increments not to exceed 300 ml) bronchial washing as a therapeutic adjunct was performed on six patients with cystic fibrosis, using serial tests of pulmonary function as a yardstick for assessment of efficacy. Two petients did not undergo the procedure and served as control subjects. All patients were characterized as having varying severity of pulmonary involvement Large central airways were severely obstructed, and older patients had more trapped gas in their lumgs. Hypoxemia and large alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure differences [P(A-a)O2] were due to inbomogeneity of alveolar venfflation. Results indicated that up to ten days to two weeks, bronchoscopic bronchial washing may in some instances improve maximal expiratory flow-volume curves and specific airway conductance and decrease P(A-a)O2towards normal. Distribution of alveolar gas became more homogeneous. We conclude that bronchoscopic bronchial washing may be effective in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis, by augmentation of their inadequate cleansing function of the conducting airways.

The median service lifetime of respirator safety devices produced by different manufacturers is determined using frailty models to account for unobserved differences in manufacturing processes and raw materials. The gamma and positive stable frailty distributions are used to obtain survival distribution estimates when the baseline hazard is assumed to be Weibull. Frailty distributions are compared using laboratory test data of the failure times for 104 respirator cartridges produced by 10 different manufacturers tested with three different challenge agents. Likelihood ratio tests indicate that both frailty models provide a significant improvement over a Weibull model assuming independence. Results are compared to fixed effects approaches for analysis of this data.

Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of five-coordinate dioxygen adducts of cobalt(tetramesitylporphine) and cobalt(tetramesopropylporphine) formed in low temperature O2 matrices are reported. For the first time, all three vibrations expected for the Co–O2 fragment, ν(O–O), ν(Co–O2) and δ(Co–O–O), were observed for 16O2 and 18O2 isotopomers. These bands have been assigned based on oxygen isotope shift data as well as normal coordinate analysis of the Co–O2 moiety. This work presents also the first observation of two distinct ν(O–O) bands due to the Co–16O–18O and Co–18O–16O isomers in ‘end-on’ type dioxygen adducts. The mechanism of resonance enhancement, the effect of the axial ligand on the ν(O–O) and ν(Co–O2) frequencies and the differences in metal–O2 bonding between cobalt and iron porphyrins are discussed.

A laser desorption/ionization (LDI) technique, which uses laser ablation of a thin silver film substrate under vacuum conditions to desorb and ionize bioorganic molecules, was developed for molecular mass and structural reactivity analysis in time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). After a sample overlayer is deposited by solvent evaporation on a thin silver film substrate, it is subjected to 355 or 532 nm Nd:YAG laser light by back-irradiation. Photoablation of the silver film substrate occurs with sufficient laser fluence, producing Agn⁺ (n=1–9) cluster cations which can react with the desorbed bioorganic molecules in the gas phase to form M⁺ or [M+H]⁺ and [M+Ag]⁺ ions for TOF-MS analysis. This LDI technique has been successfully applied to dithizone, benzo[e]pyrene, 1,4,8,11-tetraazocyclotetradecane, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, [5]-helicene dendrimer, gramicidin S, substance P and melittin. One advantage of this method over conventional LDI techniques is that the sample does not need to have appreciable spectral absorption at the laser wavelength. The use of silver in thin-film substrates affords analyte-dependent efficiencies that may serve for the direct and accurate mass analysis of specific groups of bioorganic molecules in sample mixtures. In a new sample preparation method, gramicidin S is added to a Tollen’s reagent mixture for direct impregnation on to silver particles during their formation and growth in the colloidal solution. These silver particles provide a silver matrix for the analyte molecules, which can enhance the LDI efficiency to produce greater [M+H]⁺ and [M+Ag]⁺ signals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Between 1971 and 1978, clinical centres in four provinces of Poland reported 107 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). This series comprised 73.8% boys and 26.2% girls. Most children were aged 6–8 years, and 66% of them had had measles in the first two years of life. As compared with a control group the geometric means of the haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were between ten and twenty times higher in SSPE patients.

In the eighteenth century, prior to the partitioning of the Polish Commonwealth by its neighbors, the Polish szlachta or gentry constituted the Polish “nation.” Then, of course, the term did not have an ethnic connotation but rather a political one: the gentry alone had all the rights that came with full citizenship in the Polish state. The existence of such a privileged ruling class or estate was not uncommon in Europe. The szlachta, however, differed in two important respects from the gentry of most other European states. First of all, the Polish gentry included an unusually large portion of the total population: 9–10 per cent (25 per cent of the Polish-speaking population). Secondly, in theory all members of the szlachta had equal political rights whether they were magnates or completely landless. Consequently, when in the nineteenth century economic forces gradually transformed Polish society from a feudal social structure into a more modern one, individuals of gentry origin acted as a leaven bringing their consciousness of membership in the nation to the new classes of society that they joined. Some of the szlachta, influenced by the Enlightenment and the “Democratic Revolution” as well as by the obvious need for internal reform, sought to broaden the concept of the nation to include the other social classes even before Poland lost its independence. They, however, still conceived of the nation in terms of citizenship in the state. It is therefore ironic that this social broadening of the concept of the Polish nation actually occurred in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when the Polish state did not exist.