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Purpose: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans and the cell walls of fungi. Due to its biocompatibility and capacity for tissue regeneration, this substance exhibits considerable potential as a candidate for wound healing. The objective of this article is to provide a detailed review of the properties and medical applications of chitosan in wound healing. The investigation also encompasses ethical questions pertaining to patient safety, informed consent, healthcare access, and sustainable sourcing of chitosan. Method: This review pertains to the characteristics and medical applications of chitosan, while concurrently exploring the ethical considerations associated with its use. Result: The review presents a comprehensive examination of chitosan, emphasizing its biocompatibility, absorbability, polycationic properties, film-forming ability, hemostatic properties, antimicrobial effects, tissue regeneration capabilities, and angiogenic potential. The usefulness of chitosan encompasses a wide range of areas, including wound dressings, tissue scaffolds, medication delivery systems, and medical devices. The ethical considerations and challenges pertaining to patient safety, informed consent, equitable provision of healthcare, and sustainable sourcing are duly acknowledged and attended to. Conclusion: Chitosan demonstrates diverse medicinal capabilities, particularly in the context of wound healing. Additionally, it has the potential to yield advantages in the context of combinational medicines. Nevertheless, ethical issues take precedence. It is of utmost importance to ensure that the applications of chitosan are in accordance with ethical norms, encompassing aspects such as safety, consent, equitable access, and sustainability. This review sheds light on the scientific potential and ethical challenges associated with the use of chitosan in medical applications, hence providing guidance for the development of responsible healthcare advancements. Lay Summary: The article investigates the potential of chitosan, a versatile substance obtained from fungus and crustaceans, in the field of medicine, with a specific focus on its application in wound healing. The distinctive attributes of chitosan, such as its biocompatibility, absorbency, and antibacterial properties, render it well-suited for various applications, including wound dressings and drug delivery systems. The essay additionally addresses significant ethical aspects, including patient safety, informed consent, and sustainable sourcing. It underscores the importance of striking a balance between innovation and the adoption of responsible and ethical medical practices.

Heavy metals represent a significant contributor to water pollution, posing serious environmental and health risks due to human activities and industrialization. The release of heavy metal contaminants into water sources has spurred extensive research into wastewater treatment methods, including precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange, membrane processes, and electroplating. However, these conventional techniques often prove costly, limited in effectiveness, and may inadvertently exacerbate pollution concerns. This review underscores biosorption as a highly promising alternative for effectively removing harmful metal ions from water sources. Biosorption, as a physical technique, capitalizes on mechanisms such as ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation, leveraging more economical biological materials as biosorbents. Microorganisms, encompassing bacteria, fungi, algae, and plant products, emerge as pivotal agents in metal biosorption, offering a sustainable and cost-effective approach. There is a growing interest in harnessing local microbiota for biosorption, aiming to mitigate heavy metal contamination in wastewater without adverse environmental impacts. Notably, both living and deceased fungal biomass have garnered attention as cost-effective adsorbents for eliminating heavy metal ions from solutions. The biosorption behavior of fungal biomass presents numerous advantages, warranting further research to fully exploit its potential in wastewater treatment endeavors.

Safely management of food spoilage and foodborne illness is primarily achieved by applying chemical additives that have adverse effects along with health risk, increment chemical in food, and reduced bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials. In the present study, antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from 3 different flowers (Hibiscusrosa sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Calendula officinalis) was examined towards seven food poisoning bacterial strains, four gram-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureusMTCC 87, Bacillus cereusMTCC 430, Clostridium perfringensMTCC 450, Listeria monocytogenesMTCC 657), and three gram-negative strains (Escherichia coliMTCC 43, Salmonella typhiMTCC 1264 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaMTCC424) using well diffusion assay. Aqueous extracts from all three of the flowers were similarly efficient with variable antimicrobial efficiency against the examined bacterial strains, while ethanol and methanol extracts from C.officinaliswere highly efficient against all tested pathogenic bacteria. Ethanolic extract of C. indicumwas the most efficient flower extract after C. officinalisagainst C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes,and S. typhi. H. rosa sinensisethanol extract exhibited bactericidal action against S. aureus, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa. For most extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 3.75 to 7.5% and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.87–3.75% except for C. perfringens, and L. monocytogenesthose were less sensitive with MIC 20%, and MBC 20%. Such flower extracts, which are potentially efficient, would be utilized to manage foodborne illness and protect food items from spoilage and minimize safety hazards generated due to chemically preservatives.