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Background: Preeclampsia, one of the most lethal pregnancy-related diseases, is associated with the disruption of uterine spiral artery remodeling during placentation. However, the early molecular events leading to preeclampsia remain unknown. Results: By analyzing placentas from preeclampsia, non-preeclampsia, and twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction, we show that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is attributed to immature trophoblast and maldeveloped endothelial cells. Delayed epigenetic reprogramming during early extraembryonic tissue development leads to generation of excessive immature trophoblast cells. We find reduction of de novo DNA methylation in these trophoblast cells results in selective overexpression of maternally imprinted genes, including the endoretrovirus-derived gene PEG10 (paternally expressed gene 10). PEG10 forms virus-like particles, which are transferred from the trophoblast to the closely proximate endothelial cells. In normal pregnancy, only a low amount of PEG10 is transferred to maternal cells; however, in preeclampsia, excessive PEG10 disrupts maternal vascular development by inhibiting TGF-beta signaling. Conclusions: Our study reveals the intricate epigenetic mechanisms that regulate trans-generational genetic conflict and ultimately ensure proper maternal–fetal interface formation.

AEREX350 is a nickel-cobalt fastener superalloy developed for high temperature applications such as aerospace and petrochemical industries. The AEREX350 alloy has superior creep resistance and rupture properties similar to the other MP family alloys. As for AEREX350 alloy, scholars have carried out many studies on its cold working process, heat treatment process, stress relaxation performance and identification of precipitated phase [3-9], while very limited research on the hot deformation behavior of this interesting alloy during hot heading process. This paper is concentrated on the deformation behavior of the alloy during hot heading process.

The transcription factor MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) is critical in regulating gene expression and tumorigenesis. However, the biological function of MYBL2 in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains to be elucidated. Here, we first revealed that MYBL2 was elevated in BLCA tissues and significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters and cancer-specific survival in BLCA patients. Phenotypic assays showed that MYBL2 deficiency suppressed the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas MYBL2 overexpression contributed to the opposite phenotype. Mechanistically, MYBL2 could bind to the promoter of its downstream target gene cell division cycle-associated protein 3 (CDCA3) and transactivate it, which in turn promoted the malignant phenotype of BLCA cells. Further investigations revealed that MYBL2 interacted with forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) to co-regulate the transcription of CDCA3. In addition, MYBL2/FOXM1 and CDCA3 might activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby promoting the malignant phenotype of BLCA cells. In conclusion, the current study identifies MYBL2 as an oncogene in BLCA. MYBL2 can accelerate the proliferation and metastasis of BLCA through the transactivation of CDCA3.

Market orders and limit orders are the two main types of orders investors use to buy or sell U.S. equities. In choosing between the types, investors must weigh the price improvement associated with a limit order against the probability that the order will not be executed. In the study reported here, we examined the probability of limit-order execution and the expected benefit to limit orders, for a sample of stocks traded on the NYSE. Results indicate that the longer a limit order is outstanding, the less likely it is to be executed. The probability of execution is higher for sell orders than for buy orders, lower when the limit price is farther away from the prevailing quote, lower for large trades, higher when spreads are wide, and higher in periods of high price volatility.

Background: Previous retrospective studies have shown that laparoscopic spleen-preserving D2 total gastrectomy (LSTG) for advanced upper third gastric cancer (AUTGC) is safe. However, all previous studies were underpowered. We therefore conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate the technical safety and feasibility of LSTG for patients with AUTGC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with AUTGC (cT2-4a, N−/+, M0) underwent LSTG at 19 institutions between September 2016 and October 2017 were included. The number of No. 10 lymph node (LN) dissections, metastasis rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications were investigated. Results: A total of 251 patients were enrolled in the study, and 242 patients were eligible for the per protocol analysis. The average numbers of No. 10 LN dissections and metastases were 2.4 and 0.1, respectively. Eighteen patients (7.4%) had No. 10 LN metastases, and among patients with advanced gastric cancer, the rate of No. 10 LN metastasis was 8.1% (18/223). pN3 status was an independent risk factor for No. 10 LN metastasis. Intraoperative complications occurred in 7 patients, but no patients required conversion to open surgery or splenectomy. The overall postoperative complication rate was 13.6% (33/242). The major complication and mortality rates were 3.3% (8/242) and 0.4% (1/242), respectively. The number of retrieved No. 10 LNs, No. 10 LN metastasis and TNM stage had no significant influence on postoperative complication rates. Conclusion: LSTG for AUTGC was safe and effective when performed by very experienced surgeons, this technique could be used in patients who needed splenic hilar lymph node dissection.

Isolated octanuclear iron–vanadium malate (NH4)3(CH3NH3)3[FeIII2VIV2VV4O11(mal)6]·7.5H2O (1; H3mal = malic acid) and its family of metal hydrates M′3n[MII(H2O)2]1.5n[FeIII2VIV2VV4O11(mal)6]n·xnH2O (2or 2-Fe, M′ = NH4+, M = Fe, x= 7.5; 3or 3-Cu, M′ = K+, M = Cu, x= 10; 4or 4-Zn, M′ = K+, M = Zn, x= 6.5) have been obtained by self-assembly in water. The cluster anion [Fe2V6O11(mal)6]6–(1a) shows an interesting iron bicapped-triangular-prismatic structure, which is bridged by M2+hydrates (M = Fe, Cu, Zn) to construct isostructural metal organic frameworks (MOFs) 2–4. The mixed-valence vanadium systems in 1–4were determined by theoretical bond valence calculations (BVS) and charge balance. The magnetic susceptibilities are further elucidated as high spin for Fe3+in 1aand bridging Fe2+in 2-Fe, respectively. A strong ferromagnetic interaction was also observed for 2-Fe at 3 K. 2-Fe, 3-Cu, and 4-Zn have similar hydrophilic channels with diameters of 6.8, 6.5, and 6.6 Å, respectively, which show obvious affinity for O2in comparison with no adsorption of N2, H2, CO2, and CH4at room temperature under different pressures. Moreover, 2-Fe and 4-Zn exhibit irreversible O2absorptions, which may be attributed to charge transfer between O2and open metal sites (OMSs) formed during vacuum heating pretreatment. UV–vis and EPR spectra show a change in electronic structure of 2-Fe after O2adsorption. The reversible adsorption observed in 3-Cu suggests a weak interaction between O2and Cu2+due to the Jahn–Teller effect. The properties of gas adsorption provide an insight into the performances of small molecules in the channels constructed by synthetic octanuclear model compounds, which are related to the interactions between the gas substrate and the heterometal cluster in biology.

Introduction: The development of a novel drug is an extremely complicated process that includes the target identification, design and manufacture, and proper therapy of the novel drug, as well as drug dose selection, drug efficacy evaluation, and adverse drug reaction control. Due to the limited resources, high costs, long duration, and low hit-to-lead ratio in the development of pharmacogenetics and computer technology, machine learning techniques have assisted novel drug development and have gradually received more attention by researchers. Methods: According to current research, machine learning techniques are widely applied in the process of the discovery of new drugs and novel drug targets, the decision surrounding proper therapy and drug dose, and the prediction of drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions. Results and Conclusion: In this article, we discussed the history, workflow, and advantages and disadvantages of machine learning techniques in the processes mentioned above. Although the advantages of machine learning techniques are fairly obvious, the application of machine learning techniques is currently limited. With further research, the application of machine techniques in drug development could be much more widespread and could potentially be one of the major methods used in drug development.

A similar pair of protonated and deprotonated mononuclear oxidovanadium glycolates [VO(Hglyc)(phen)(H2O)]Cl·2H2O (1) and [VO(glyc)(bpy)(H2O)] (2) and a mixed-(de)protonated oxidovanadium triglycolate (NH4)2[VO(Hglyc)2(glyc)]·H2O (3) were isolated and examined. The ≡C–O(H) (≡C–OH or ≡C–O) groups coordinated to vanadium were spectroscopically and structurally identified. The glycolate in 1features a bidentate chelation through protonated α-hydroxy and α-carboxy groups, whereas the glycolate in 2coordinates through deprotonated α-alkoxy and α-carboxy groups. The glycolates in 3coordinate to vanadium through α-alkoxy or α-hydroxy and α-carboxy groups and thus have both protonated ≡C–OH and deprotonated ≡C–O bonds simultaneously. Structural investigations revealed that the longer protonated V–Oα-hydroxybonds [2.234(2) Å and 2.244(2) Å] in 1and 3are close to those of FeV-cofactor (FeV-co) 2.17 Å1(FeMo-co 2.17 Å2), while deprotonated V–Oα-alkoxybonds [2, 1.930(2); 3, 1.927(2) Å] were obviously shorter. This shows a similar elongated trend as the Mo–O distances in the previously reported deprotonated vs protonated molybdenum lactates (Wang, S. Y. et al. Dalton Trans. 2018, 47, 7412–7421) and these vanadium and molybdenum complexes have the same local V/Mo-homocitrate structures as those of FeV/Mo-cos of nitrogenases. The IR spectra of these oxidovanadium and the previously synthesized molybdenum complexes including different substituted ≡C–O(H) model compounds show red-shifts for ≡C–OH vs ≡C–O alternation, which further assign the two IR bands of extracted FeMo-co at 1084 and 1031 cm–1to ≡C–O and ≡C–OH vibrations, respectively. Although the structural data or IR spectra for some of the previously synthesized Mo/V complexes and extracted FeMo-co were measured earlier, this is the first time that the ≡C–O(H) coordinated peaks are assigned. The overall structural and IR results well suggest the coexistence of homocitrates coordinated with α-alkoxy (deprotonated) and α-hydroxy (protonated) groups in the extracted FeMo-co.

•A comprehensive and rapid method for quality evaluation and control of Dachengqi Decoction (DCQD) was developed by integrating UPLC-QTOF-MS and UFLC-QQQ-MS.•A total of 190 constituents were tentatively identified in qualitative analysis, of which 27 compounds were unambiguously confirmed by comparing with reference substances.•19 important constituents were determined simultaneously within 10 min by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).•The validated method was applied for determining ten different proportion DCQDs. It was found that different proportions generated great influence on dissolution of constituents, which was believed to be one of the main mechanisms of the synergistic effect of the medicinal ingredients in DCQD.

The Sr segregation at the surface of a perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ(LSCF) oxygen electrode is detrimental to the electrochemical performance and durability of energy conversion devices such as solid oxide fuel cells. However, a quantitative correlation of degradation of the oxygen surface exchange kinetics with Sr precipitation formation at the LSCF surface is not clearly understood yet. Herein, the correlation of the time-dependent degradation mechanisms of the LSCF catalysts with respect to Sr segregation phenomenon at the surface were investigated at 800 °C for a prolonged annealing time (∼800 h) by combining in situ electrochemical measurements, and ex situ chemical and structural analyses at the multiscale. The in situ monitored surface exchange coefficient (kchem) was found to drastically drop by ∼86% over the 800 h, and it was accompanied by the formation of Sr-containing secondary phases on the bulk LSCF surface, as expected. However, the estimated coverage of Sr segregation on the LSCF surface was only ∼15%, even after 800 h of aging time, showing significant deviation from the kchemdegradation rate (∼86%). The surface chemistry evolution at the clean surface area, which is believed to be electrochemically active, was further analyzed on the nanoscale. The quantified results showed that the Sr elemental fraction of the A-site at the outermost surface of the LSCF samples was becoming deficient from ∼4.0 at 0 h to ∼0.27 at 800 h annealing. Interestingly, the time-dependent behavioral tendencies between kchemdegradation and surface Sr fractional changes were highly analogous. Thus, our results suggest that this Sr deficiency at the clean surface region more dominantly impacts the degradation process rather than an electrochemical activity passivation by the SrOxprecipitates, which has been shown to be a major degradation mechanism of LSCF performance.

The authors present 2 cases of late mobile-bearing dislocation after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with long-term follow-up. Patients had anterior bearing dislocation more than 10 years after primary unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Retrieved mobile bearings showed severe erosion on the posterior lip, suggesting frequent deep knee flexion as the cause of wear. Bearing dislocation is known to occur in the early postoperative phase. However, for Asians with a lifestyle that requires high knee flexion, dislocation might occur in the late postoperative phase. Such late bearing dislocation has a mechanism different from those reported in previous studies. Loss of bump in the posterior lip was found to be the cause. After late bearing dislocation, conversion to total knee arthroplasty is unnecessary because a simple bearing exchange will suffice. [The authors present 2 cases of late mobile-bearing dislocation after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with long-term follow-up. Patients had anterior bearing dislocation more than 10 years after primary unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Retrieved mobile bearings showed severe erosion on the posterior lip, suggesting frequent deep knee flexion as the cause of wear. Bearing dislocation is known to occur in the early postoperative phase. However, for Asians with a lifestyle that requires high knee flexion, dislocation might occur in the late postoperative phase. Such late bearing dislocation has a mechanism different from those reported in previous studies. Loss of bump in the posterior lip was found to be the cause. After late bearing dislocation, conversion to total knee arthroplasty is unnecessary because a simple bearing exchange will suffice. [Orthopedics. 2019; 42(1):e124–e127.]

Water-soluble wheel-like icosanuclear peroxotitanate K16[Ti20(μ-O)8(HO2)8(O2)12(R,R-tart)12]·52H2O (1) chelated by tartrate has been successfully isolated. As the largest peroxotitanate reported, {Ti20} features 20 (hydro)peroxo groups with three kinds of coordination modes in μ-η1:η2, μ-η2:η2, and η2fashions. The cluster is stable in solution and solid states. It has been tested for the catalytic oxidations of methyl phenyl sulfide and pyridine with hydrogen peroxide, respectively, which shows reversible elimination and the addition of peroxo groups. This provides a rare example of well-characterized titanium peroxide for homogeneous catalysis and mechanism research.

Recent studies have suggested that genomic diversity may play a key role in different clinical outcomes, and the importance of SNPs is becoming increasingly clear. In this article, we summarize the bioactivity of SNPs that may affect the sensitivity to or possibility of drug reactions that occur among the signaling pathways of regularly used immunosuppressants, such as glucocorticoids, azathioprine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. The development of bioinformatics, including machine learning models, has enabled prediction of the proper immunosuppressant dosage with minimal adverse drug reactions for patients after organ transplantation or for those with autoimmune diseases. This article provides a theoretical basis for the personalized use of immunosuppressants in the future.

T lymphocytes are key cellular components of the adaptive immune system and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates. Despite their heterogeneities, it is believed that all different types of T lymphocytes are generated exclusively via the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using temporal–spatial resolved fate-mapping analysis and time-lapse imaging, here we show that the ventral endothelium in the zebrafish aorta–gonad–mesonephros and posterior blood island, the hematopoietic tissues previously known to generate HSCs and erythromyeloid progenitors, respectively, gives rise to a transient wave of T lymphopoiesis independent of HSCs. This HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis occurs early and generates predominantly CD4 Tαβ cells in the larval but not juvenile and adult stages, whereas HSC-dependent T lymphopoiesis emerges late and produces various subtypes of T lymphocytes continuously from the larval stage to adulthood. Our study unveils the existence, origin, and ontogeny of HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis in vivo and reveals the complexity of the endothelial-hematopoietic transition of the aorta.

Thermo-reactive deposition (TRD) salt bath Nb-Cr co-diffusion process was brought forward to prepare the functionally gradient chromium-niobium carbide coating. In TRD salt bath Nb-Cr co-diffusion treatment, T10 steel samples were delved into TRD salt. The samples were treated at 880°C for 3.5 h and then at 950°C for 2.5h. The obtained coatings were characterized by means of microstructure, microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The cross-section hardness of the chromium-niobium carbide coating obtained on the surface of T10 steel samples transits smoothly. The coating was dense, smooth and compact. The thickness ratio of the niobium carbide layer (the outer layer) and the chromium carbide layer (the inner layer) was 4. The hardness of chromium-niobium carbide coating was about 2751HV0.05, which is between the single chromizing and single niobium. The results showed superior wear properties of the coated samples. The kinetics of chromium-niobium carbide coating was also studied.

Recent studies have reported increased mortality for right-sided colon cancers; however, the results are conflicting for different stage tumors. We examined the differences in clinicopathology between right- and left-sided colon cancers and the relationships between colon cancer location (right- and left-side) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

The MTHFRgene encodes the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase known to be involved in the homocysteine–methionine pathway. It has been reported that the deficiency of MTHFR activity may cause hyperhomocysteinemia which results in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies reported a correlation between the MTHFRgene polymorphisms (677 T/C and 1298 A/C) and lower MTHFR activity and its association with preterm birth in various populations. Since these results were conflicting, we analyzed the genetic association of MTHFRgene 677 T/C and 1298 A/C polymorphisms with preterm birth in Korean women.

In vertebrates, myeloid cells arise from multiple waves of development: the first or embryonic wave of myelopoiesis initiates early from non-hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) precursors and gives rise to myeloid cells transiently during early development; whereas the second or adult wave of myelopoiesis emerges later from HSCs and produces myeloid cells continually during fetal and adult life. In the past decades, a great deal has been learnt about the development of myeloid cells from adult myelopoiesis, yet the genetic network governing embryonic myelopoiesis remains poorly defined. In this report, we present an in vivostudy to delineate the role of Cebpα during zebrafish embryonic myelopoiesis. We show that embryonic myelopoiesis in cebpα-deficient zebrafish mutants initiates properly but fails to produce macrophages and neutrophils. The lack of macrophages and neutrophils in the mutants is largely attributed to the cell cycle arrest of embryonic myeloid progenitors, resulting in the impairment of their maintenance and subsequent differentiation. We further show that Cebpα, perhaps acting cooperatively with Runx1, plays a critical role in embryonic neutrophil maintenance. Our findings reveal a new role of Cebpα in embryonic myelopoiesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on physiological features, together with endogenous hormones and the transcription level of related genes, to estimate the heat resistance ability and stress injury mechanism of different dwarfing apple rootstocks. Among the six rootstocks, the rootstocks of native Shao series (SH series) showed better heat stress resistance than those of Budagovski 9 (B9), Cornell-Geneva 24 (CG24), and Malling 26 (M26) from abroad. Among SH series rootstocks, SH1 and SH6 showed higher heat stress resistance than SH40. M26 demonstrated the lowest adaption ability to heat stress, showing higher leaf conductivity and lower liquid water content (LWC) with the increase in temperature. Heat stress also resulted in the suppression of photosynthesis, which showed no significant restoration after 7-day recovery. It should be noted that although a higher temperature led to a lower LWC and photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) of CG24, there was no significant increase in leaf conductivity, and 7 days after the treatment, the Pnof CG24 recovered. The extremely high temperature tolerance of SH series rootstocks could be related to the greater osmotic adjustment (OA), which was reflected by smaller reductions in leaf relative water content (RWC) and higher turgor potentials and leaf gas exchange compared with the other rootstocks. Determination of hormones indicated multivariate regulation, and it is presumed that a relatively stable expression levels of functional genes under high-temperature stress is necessary for heat stress resistance of rootstocks.

Introduction:It is unclear what the rates of carcinoid heart disease (CHD) diagnosis, disparities, and inpatient outcomes are.Methods:We performed the first nationally representative longitudinal analysis of the above using Machine Learning-augmented Propensity Score adjusted multivariable regression (ML-PSr) and the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the United States’ largest all-payer inpatient dataset. The propensity score was modified for the likelihood of developing malignant carcinoid tumor (MCT).Results:From 2016-2018 among 101,521,656 hospitalizations, 55,910 (0.05%) had a malignant carcinoid tumor (MCT), of whom 4,030 (7.20%) had CHD. The rate of CHD diagnosis remained largely stable from 2016 (18,900 [0.06%]) to 2017 (19,025 [0.05%]) to 2018 (17,985 [0.05%]). Patients with versus without CHD had significantly higher unadjusted mortality in 2016 (4.05% versus 2.19%), 2017 (3.75% versus 1.95%), and 2018 (3.75% versus 1.95%). Of patients with CHD, 0.15% had acute carcinoid syndrome. Compared to the racial distribution throughout the population, the diagnosis of CHD was under-represented in Hispanics (12.83% versus 7.95%), Asians (3.13% versus 2.84%), lowest income quartile (29.47% versus 28.07%), second lowest income quartile (26.90% versus 25.41%), metros of 250,000-999,999 residents (20.79% versus 19.73%) and metros of 50,000-249,999 (9.30% versus 8.56%) (all p<0.001). In ML-PS multivariable regression fully adjusting for age, sex, race, metro density, region, metastasis, and NIS calculated mortality risk by DRG, CHD initially significantly increased mortality in 2016 (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.10-1.28; p<0001) but decreased it in 2017 (OR 0.76, 95%CI 0.70-0.82; p<0.001) and 2018 (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.72-0.84; p<0.001). In ML-PSr stratified by income in 2018, there was largely a step wise decrease in mortality with CHD from the lowest income quartile to highest income quartile.Conclusions:Our analysis demonstrates that racial minorities, lower income, and more rural metros have lower rates of CHD diagnosis, its associated mortality appears to be the lowest with higher income, and its mortality over time across all patients in general appears to be decreasing potentially with improved inpatient care.

Introduction:The longitudinal trends of cardio-oncology healthcare disparities is unknown.Methods:We performed the first nationally representative longitudinal analysis using Machine Learning-augmented Propensity Score adjusted multivariable regression (ML-PSr) and the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the United States’ largest all-payer inpatient dataset.Results:Among 101,521,656 hospitalizations from 2016-2018, 3,233,249 (3.18%) were female with active cancer, 18,310 (0.57%) had STEMI, 4,670 (0.14%) received LHC, 3,360 (0.10%) received PCI, and 160 (0.005%) received percutaneous heart pump (Impella). The most common active primary malignancies significantly differed for females (lung [15.19%], breast [14.10%], uterus [10.60%], leukemia [8.88%], and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL] [6.92%]) versus males (prostate [15.56%], lung [15.21%], leukemia [10.05%], NHL [8.50%], and colon [6.57%]) (p<0.001). Among those with active cancer and STEMI, white females versus white males had similar likelihood of PCI, but nonwhite females versus nonwhite males were significantly less likely to receive PCI in 2016 (43.86% versus 52.20%, p=0.009), 2017 (25.64% versus 30.52%, p=0.039) and 2018 (11.10% versus 14.73%, p=0.001). In ML-PS multivariable regression fully adjusted for age, sex, race, income, region, STEMI, metastasis, NIS-calculated mortality risk by DRG, and the likelihood of receiving PCI, in 2016 PCI had less mortality reduction for females (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.55-0.85; p<0.001) than males (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.49-0.68; p<0.001) with nearly equal in 2017 for females (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.34-0.74; p<0.001) and males (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.38-0.66; p<0.001), but in 2018 there was a comparable non-significant mortality reduction for both females or males.Conclusions:Our study provides novel evidence that female racial minorities receive post-STEMI PCI at lower rates than male racial minorities, white females, and white males, though mortality disparities appear to have a favorable trend over time.

Introduction:Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is an independent risk factor for mortality across a wide age range in both men and women. Management methods of atrial fibrillation have been thoroughly investigated through numerous trials exploring various treatment modalities. There has been a preference for rate control as the initial approach, but recent studies, particularly the EAST-AFNET 4 trial, point out several clinical settings in which rhythm control is preferable. To evaluate new paradigms in the acute management of atrial fibrillation, our meta-analysis provides a current, curated examination of the major landmark trials in the management of atrial fibrillation along with the most recent randomized controlled trials that have been published since 2022.Methods:A literature search was performed on May 2022 using PubMed and OVID Medline databases for study identification. Combinations of the search terms atrial fibrillation, rate control, adrenergic beta antagonists, rhythm control, anti-arrhythmia drugs,and catheter ablationwere combined to conduct the literature search. Boolean operators AND and OR were used to combine terms.Results:There were no significant differences in the effects of rate and rhythm control on any outcome: all-cause mortality (RR: 0.996; CI: 0.674-1.376), cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.957; CI: 0.601-1.413), arrhythmic/sudden death mortality (RR: 0.954; CI: 0.445-1.816), stroke/transient ischemic attack (RR: 1.011; CI: 0.535-1.78), and systemic embolism (RR: 1.275; CI: 0.541-2.625).Conclusions:Updated data pooled from randomized control trials in patients with atrial fibrillation suggests that rhythm and rate control strategies have no statistically significant differences on major clinical outcomes. Additional studies will be required to investigate factors favorable for rhythm-control strategies and to determine contemporary best clinical practices.

To investigate the initial symptoms, treatment, prognosis, and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid, clinical and pathological data were collected retrospectively from 74 patients diagnosed with bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, from January 2004 through December 2009. The data collected included age, initial symptoms, primary tumor sites, pathological types, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis and the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The 74 patients included 56 men and 19 women, and their average age was 56.07 years. The most common initial symptom was cough (51.35%), and the major lesion site was the left upper lobe of the lung (38.84%). Of the 59 patients (79.73%) who underwent surgery, most (76.27%) received a pulmonary lobectomy. The patients’ 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 92.7, 80.3, and 71.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that both local lymphatic and distant metastases were prognostic factors (P<0.05), whereas multivariate analysis showed that the pathological type (typical carcinoid and atypical carcinoid) was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.006). These data indicate that cough is the major presenting symptom of patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid and the left upper lobe of the lung is the most commonly involved site. Following treatment, mostly by pulmonary lobectomy, the 5-year survival rate is 71.9%. The pathological tumor type is an independent prognostic factor.

Abstract：The phosphate is low silicon carbonate collophane, gangue mainly dolomite. Apply to the reverse flotation technology, determine one-stage roughing and one-stage scavenging reverse flotation test process,Collector with paraffin soap oxidated,Inhibitor use sulfuric acid. By the reverse flotation process contain. When the ore grade is 20.11%,under the flow sheet can research qualified phosphate product with content of 33.95% in concentration and recovery of 62.06%.

The fluorescence spectrum of pesticides whose structures are very similar overlap in a certain wavelength range. To the classification and recognition of overlapping fluorescence spectrum, BP network has the shortcomings of slow training speed and high error rate in this paper. The network topology is given, wavelet basis is selected and its network algorithm is designed to carry out the design of experimental system. By using the RBF network and BP network separately, the simulation research of fluorescence spectrum classification of carbofuran and carbaryl has been done. The results show that RBF network a higher resolution. To minor structural differences of spectrum, it has a better recognition capability and higher measuring accuracy.

Apatite is a valuable component of the collophane taken from Yunnan, as it is in the shape of oolith and contains a lot of carbon, and hence an effective benefication of the apatite is difficult to be occurred by means of concentration. Based on the results of both direct and reverse flotation tests, it shows that reverse flotation is effective in the benefication of the apatite to a certain extent. When reverse flotation is employed to treat the run-of-mine at a grade of 18.77%, the concentrate containing P2O5 24.04% at a recovery of 62.58% can be produced.

The collophane is in oolitic structure, and associates with the gangue intricately; and hence a good concentrate in performance is hardly produced only by rinsing, in order to achieve a full liberation, fine-grinding is needed for the cellophane. Based on the results of both direct and reverse flotation tests, it shows that reverse flotation is effective in the benefication of the apatite to a certain extent. When reverse flotation is used to dress the run-of-mine which contains 26.95%P2O5, a concentrate containing 32.69% P2O5 can be obtained at a recovery of 84.99%.

In this study, ground vibrations due to dynamic loadings from trains moving in subway tunnels were investigated using a 2.5D finite element model of an underground tunnel and surrounding soil interactions. In our model, wave propagation in the infinitely extended ground is dealt with using a simple, yet efficient gradually damped artificial boundary. Based on the assumption of invariant geometry and material distribution in the tunnel’s direction, the Fourier transform of the spatial dimension in this direction is applied to represent the waves in terms of the wave-number. Finite element discretization is employed in the cross-section perpendicular to the tunnel direction and the governing equations are solved for every discrete wave-number. The 3D ground responses are calculated from the wave-number expansion by employing the inverse Fourier transform. The accuracy of the proposed analysis method is verified by a semi-analytical solution of a rectangular load moving inside a soil stratum. A case study of subway train induced ground vibration is presented and the dependency of wave attenuation at the ground surface on the vibration frequency of the moving load is discussed.

By using the Reynolds stress turbulence model at big Reynolds number condition and computational fluid dynamics, the data simulating calculation was carried out to the safety valve inner flow field with different opening size and different valve structural parameters. The result were showed in visual graphics , and the study showed that the valve structural parameters impact on the flow field distribution , the cavitation creation and the flow noise greatly.

Einfache Schritte, komplexes Ergebnis: Aufeinander folgende organokatalytische Reaktionen von 3‐Indolylmethanol‐Verbindungen mit Aldehyden und N‐geschützten Indolen führen zu strukturell komplexen Cyclopenta[b]indolen (siehe Schema, Bn=Benzyl). Diese mehrstufigen Eintopfreaktionen haben eine große Substratbandbreite und geben die Produkte in hohen Ausbeuten und mit exzellenten Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivitäten.

Dynamic responses of track structure and wave propagation in nearby ground vibration become significant when train operates on high speeds. A train-track-ground dynamic interaction analysis model based on the 2.5D finite element method is developed for the prediction of ground vibrations due to vertical track irregularities. The one-quarter car model is used to represent the train as lumped masses connected by springs. The embankment and the underlying ground are modeled by the 2.5D finite element approach to improve the computation efficiency. The Fourier transform is applied in the direction of train’s movement to express the wave motion with a wave-number. The one-quarter car model is coupled into the global stiffness matrix describing the track-ground dynamic system with the displacement compatibility condition at the wheel-rail interface, including the irregularities on the track surface. Dynamic responses of the track and ground due to train’s moving loads are obtained in the wave-number domain by solving the governing equation, using a conventional finite element procedure. The amplitude and wavelength are identified as two major parameters describing track irregularities. The irregularity amplitude has a direct impact on the vertical response for low-speed trains, both for short wavelength and long wavelength irregularities. Track irregularity with shorter wavelength can generate stronger track vibration both for low-speed and high-speed cases. For low-speed case, vibrations induced by track irregularities dominate far field responses. For high-speed case, the wavelength of track irregularities has very little effect on ground vibration at distances far from track center, and train’s wheel axle weights becomes dominant.

Recently Ni-free Ti-based shape memory alloys have been actively studied for biomedical applications in order to replace Ti-Ni alloys which bear the possibility of Ni-hypersensitivity. In this paper, The Ti-(40-65) Ta (wt. %) alloys have been studied with regard to their microstructure, mechanical and shape memory properties, as well as the effect of heat treatment on their shape memory behaviors. The results show that Ti-40wt. %Ta exhibits single orthorhombic structure (''), Ti-55wt. %Ta mainly '' and a little BCC structure (β), and Ti-65wt. % Ta mainly β and a little '' at room temperature. The tensile strengths of Ti-Ta alloys are all over 550 MPa, and the elongations over 17%. The Young’s modulus of Ti-Ta alloys ranges from 66 to 75 GPa, which are closer to the modulus of human bone as compared with that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The maximal shape memory strain of 3.32% was obtained in Ti-55wt. %Ta alloy quenched at 1273 K followed by aging at 723 K for 10min. The obtained results will be beneficial for developing Ti-Ta alloys for biomedical applications.

The effect of dopant valence on oxygen desorption and oxygen permeability of SrCo0.4Fe0.5M0.1O3−δ (M=Ni, Al and Zr) mixed-conducting oxides were investigated in detail by O2-TPD and oxygen permeation measurement. The SrCo0.4Fe0.5M0.1O3−δ for M=Fe, Ni, Al and Zr were denoted as SCF, SCFN, SCFA and SCFZ, respectively. O2-TPD analysis revealed that the amount of α oxygen desorption decreased with increasing the valance of doped metal elements (SCFN>SCFA≈SCF>SCFZ). The oxygen permeation flux at the temperature higher than 1148K decreased in the order of SCFN>SCF>SCFZ>SCFA. Single activation for oxygen permeation was observed for SCFZ oxide and the activation energies of SCF and SCFA change at around 1073K, while the change temperature of SCFN was about 1173K.

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders with an incidence of 1 in 100,000. The two major subtypes are GSD-Ia, caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and GSD-Ib, caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT). We report that a substantial improvement was achieved following several infusions of hepatocytes in a patient with GSD-Ib. Hepatocytes were isolated from the unused cadaveric whole livers of two donors. At the first transplantation, approximately 2 × 109 cells (2% of the estimated recipient's total hepatocytes) were infused. Seven days later 1 × 109 (1% of liver mass) cryopreserved hepatocytes from the same donor were infused, and an additional 3 × 109 (3% of liver mass) cells from the second donor were infused 1 month after the second transplantation. After the hepatocyte transplantation, the patient showed no hypoglycemic symptoms despite the discontinuation of cornstarch meals. Liver biopsies on posttransplantation days 20 and 250 showed a normal level of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in presolubilization assay that was very low before transplantation. This was the first and successful clinical hepatocyte transplantation in Korea. In this study, hepatocyte transplantation allowed a normal diet in a patient with GSD-Ib, with substantial improvement in their quality of life. Hepatocyte transplantation might be an alternative to liver transplantation and dietary therapy in GSD-Ib.

Comprehensive mechanistic studies suggest that oltipraz exerts cancer chemopreventive effects through the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Previously, we have shown that the activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), promoted by oltipraz, contributes to the transcriptional induction of the GSTA2gene. Studies also indicated that exposure of animals to oltipraz triggers nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) with an increase in Nrf2’s antioxidant response element (ARE) binding activity. Given the previous reports that C/EBPβ activation contributes to oltipraz’s induction of the GSTA2gene and that Nrf2 activation by oltipraz was variable depending on the concentrations, this study investigated whether the major oxidized metabolites of oltipraz induce GSTA2 through the activation of C/EBPβ and/or Nrf2. Immunoblot analysis revealed that M1 [4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one] and M2 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), but not M3 (7-methyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)-6-(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine) and M4 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylsulfinyl)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), induced GSTA2 in H4IIE cells. M1 and M2 also increased the luciferase activity from pGL-1651, which contained the luciferase structural gene downstream of the –1.65-kilobase GSTA2 promoter region. Nuclear C/EBPβ levels were enhanced by the metabolites but not by M3 or M4. Among the oxidized metabolites examined, only M2, which elicited cell death at a relatively high concentration, activated Nrf2, as indicated by nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and its ARE binding activity. The present study provides evidence that M1 and M2, but not M3 and M4, induce GSTA2 and that M1 induces GSTA2 only via C/EBPβ activation, whereas M2 does so by activating Nrf2 as well as C/EBPβ. These results substantiate the differential effects of oltipraz’s metabolites on C/EBPβ- and/or Nrf2-mediated GSTA2 induction.

Comprehensive mechanistic studies suggest that oltipraz exerts cancer chemopreventive effects through the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Previously, we have shown that the activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-{szligbeta} (C/EBP{szligbeta}), promoted by oltipraz, contributes to the transcriptional induction of the GSTA2 gene. Studies also indicated that exposure of animals to oltipraz triggers nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) with an increase in Nrf2's antioxidant response element (ARE) binding activity. Given the previous reports that C/EBP{szligbeta} activation contributes to oltipraz's induction of the GSTA2 gene and that Nrf2 activation by oltipraz was variable depending on the concentrations, this study investigated whether the major oxidized metabolites of oltipraz induce GSTA2 through the activation of C/EBP{szligbeta} and/or Nrf2. Immunoblot analysis revealed that M1 [4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one] and M2 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), but not M3 (7-methyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)-6-(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine) and M4 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylsulfinyl)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), induced GSTA2 in H4IIE cells. M1 and M2 also increased the luciferase activity from pGL-1651, which contained the luciferase structural gene downstream of the –1.65-kilobase GSTA2 promoter region. Nuclear C/EBP{szligbeta} levels were enhanced by the metabolites but not by M3 or M4. Among the oxidized metabolites examined, only M2, which elicited cell death at a relatively high concentration, activated Nrf2, as indicated by nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and its ARE binding activity. The present study provides evidence that M1 and M2, but not M3 and M4, induce GSTA2 and that M1 induces GSTA2 only via C/EBP{szligbeta} activation, whereas M2 does so by activating Nrf2 as well as C/EBP{szligbeta}. These results substantiate the differential effects of oltipraz's metabolites on C/EBP{szligbeta}- and/or Nrf2-mediated GSTA2 induction.

This paper discusses how the South Korean government has developed the necessary infrastructure for e-government, launched major initiatives and implemented them successfully while overcoming bureaucratic and political hurdles. Future challenges are also discussed in terms of intellectual properties, digital divide, security, privacy, transparent government, and e-democracy.

In high-temperature and low-cycle fatigue, creep damage reduces fatigue life. In this investigation, a model for life prediction in low-cycle fatigue with hold time at tensile peak strain is suggested in the temperature region of 0.57Tm. This model is based on previously reported theories for creep cavitatation and we predict the creep-fatigue life. It is proposed that the fatigue life may be predicted in terms of plastic strain range, test temperature, hold time and other parameters. An equation for life prediction is given and checked using other investigators' experimental results with various hold times. The predicted creep-fatigue lives are in good agreement with those observed experimentally for 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, CrMoV steel and 13CrMo44 steel.

The phosphate is low silicon carbonate collophane, gangue mainly dolomite. determine one-stage roughing and one-stage scavenging reverse flotation test process,the grinding fineness of 92.86% -200 mesh.Collector with paraffin soap oxidated,Three acid of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid as an inhibitor for contrast test,With concentration of 10% sulfuric acid 10000 g/t can research qualified phosphate product with content of 33.95% in concentration and recovery of 62.06%.

Objective Postoperative delirium (POD) has rarely been investigated in breast cancer patients. Herein, we assessed the association between serum levels of the inflammatory biomarker translocator protein (TP) and the occurrence of POD in breast cancer patients.Methods In this prospective, observational study, TP levels were detected in preoperative and postoperative serum samples from 152 elderly breast cancer patients, samples from 152 healthy elderly women, and samples from 152 elderly women with benign breast diseases. The relationship between serum TP levels and POD was investigated using multivariate analysis.Results TP levels in postoperative patient serum samples were significantly higher than in preoperative patient serum samples and serum from women in the two control groups. Postoperative serum TP levels were independently correlated with serum C-reactive protein levels and the occurrence of POD. Postoperative serum TP levels had a high discriminatory ability for POD under the receiver operating characteristic curve.Conclusions Increased postoperative serum TP levels are independently associated with the degree of inflammatory response and the risk of POD in elderly breast cancer patients, substantializing TP as an inflammatory biomarker that can efficiently discriminate POD after breast cancer surgery.

The regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking affects multiple brain functions, such as learning and memory. We have previously shown that Thorase plays an important role in the internalization of AMPARs from the synaptic membrane. Here, we show that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation leads to increased S-nitrosylation of Thorase and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). S-nitrosylation of Thorase stabilizes Thorase-AMPAR complexes and enhances the internalization of AMPAR and interaction with protein-interacting C kinase 1 (PICK1). S-nitrosylated NSF is dependent on the S-nitrosylation of Thorase via trans-nitrosylation, which modulates the surface insertion of AMPARs. In the presence of the S-nitrosylation-deficient C137L Thorase mutant, AMPAR trafficking, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression are impaired. Overall, our data suggest that both S-nitrosylation and interactions of Thorase and NSF/PICK1 are required to modulate AMPAR-mediated synaptic plasticity. This study provides critical information that elucidates the mechanism underlying Thorase and NSF-mediated trafficking of AMPAR complexes.

Photolytic decarbonylation of Rh2(CO)4(TPP) (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrinato) with pyridine (Py) in benzene gives an unusual monomeric RhIIradical complex Rh(TPP)(Py), which has been characterised by thermal and spectroscopic measurements and by vapour pressure osmosis.

Functionalized large-pore mesoporous SBA-15 is utilized for the first time as a good substrate in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate biomolecules including peptides and proteins.

Nanostructured La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ (LSM) - Er0.4Bi1.6O3 (ESB) composite cathodes for lower temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs) were developed via infiltration process. The perovskite phase of LSM nanoparticles deposited on the porous ESB scaffold was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructural evolution of the established nanostructures was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cathodic polarization resistances of the developed cathodes on GDC were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared to the conventional LSM-ESB composite cathodes. The resultant area specific resistance (ASR) of the LSM infiltrated ESB cathodes was 1.24 Ω-cm2at 600 °C, which is ~34% lower than that of the conventional LSM-ESB composite cathode (1.88 Ω-cm2) primarily due to enhanced ORR activities with increased TPB density in the nanostructured cathodes.