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Purpose The albumin to alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is a newly developed blood biomarker that has been reported to have prognostic value in several types of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of AAPR in overall survival after radical colon cancer surgery in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods The clinical data of 221 eligible patients with stage I ∼ III CRC were retrospectively analyzed. A series of survival analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of AAPR. Univariate and multifactorial Cox analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. Columnar graph prediction models were further constructed based on independent risk factors such as AAPR, and their predictive properties were validated.Results The optimal cutoff value of preoperative AAPR for postoperative overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical CRC was .495 as shown by univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analysis. The factors of age ≤65 years, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage I-II, tumor grading (high/medium differentiation), CEA ≤5, and AAPR ≥.495 were associated with better OS (P< .05).Conclusions Preoperative AAPR level was a good predictor of postoperative survival in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical CRC surgery, and AAPR <.495 was an independent risk factor for decreased postoperative OS.

Studying the failure mechanism, process and triggering factors of landslides has important significance for the identification, monitoring and early warning of hidden dangerous landslides in similar environments. On July 23, 2019, a landslide occurred in Shuicheng County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province. After the disaster, InSAR, satellite time-series imagery, and UAV emergency surveys were quickly used to study and analyze the natural geographic conditions, characteristics and failure mechanisms of the landslide. Studies have shown that the main triggering factors of the landslide were regional continuous rainfall. Additionally, this disaster was also related to road construction, regional topography and stratum lithology. According to the InSAR results, the landslide area had a weak surface deformation of approximately 5 ​mm per year beginning two years ago. However, this deformation was not sufficient to initiate the landslide. The accumulated rainfall in July reached 372.1 ​mm in the landslide area, and the rainfall on the landslide day was 48.8 ​mm, reaching the level of heavy rainfall. This landslide occurred on a loose basalt weathered residual soil layer that provided optimal geological conditions for the landslide, while the convex bank formed by roadworks provided the optimal topographical conditions. These elements together caused the landslide.

Water quality prediction plays a vital role in water pollution warning and control. However, traditional prediction models usually suffer from low efficiency and poor robustness. To predict accurately the dissolved oxygen concentration in the marine pasture, a dissolved oxygen prediction model, based on wavelet analysis and hybrid gray wolf algorithm (HGWO) optimized vector regression, was established. Because of the water quality data in the marine pasture is a stationary time series. To improve the accuracy of water quality data, wavelet analysis was applied for data pre-processing in this paper. Besides, after the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) was optimized by the differential evolution algorithm (DE), it was used to optimize the support vector regression (SVR). Hence, the SVR’s disadvantages of optimization ability and prediction accuracy both were improved. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), SVR, GWO-SVR, DE-SVR, and this model were, respectively, used to predict the dissolved oxygen concentration of Beidaihe marine pasture. The experimental results show that the mean square error, mean absolute error, and average percentage error of the model are 0.1658, 0.359, and 0.0305, respectively, which are better than the traditional prediction model. So this model has higher prediction accuracy and stronger generalization ability, and it can provide a reference for the precise regulation of aquaculture.

Geodetic observation imaging technology, such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), has become essential for describing the dimensions and spatial complexity of earthquakes. The Sentinel-1 constellation provides an unprecedented intensive radar image acquisition ability. The amount and availability of SAR images have exponentially increased since the constellation was launched, and it has significantly contributed to the on-going big data era. In this paper, we use the capabilities of Sentinel-1 SAR to develop a fully automated coseismic deformation monitoring service and produce value-added products to support the monitoring of earthquake disasters. This monitoring service is implemented under the modern processing environment of WebGIS to generate geocoded interferograms around areas affected by earthquakes. We describe a detailed workflow for earthquake response using Sentinel-1 SAR images and provide a preliminary process for exploiting Sentinel-1 InSAR at an operational level in support of global earthquake emergency response.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that primarily affects the elderly population. Surgery is one of the main treatment modalities for CRC. Frailty is a prevalent characteristic among the elderly and a leading cause of mortality. The frailty index (FI) is a comprehensive tool for assessing patients’ frailty status, quantifying indicators such as weight loss, fatigue, and nutritional status, to reflect the degree of frailty. In recent years, the FI has undergone modifications to more accurately evaluate the risk of surgical complications and prognosis in CRC patients. This review summarizes the methods for frailty assessment, the development and modifications of the FI, and compiles the research findings and applications of the FI in predicting surgical complications, postoperative recovery, and survival rates in CRC patients. Furthermore, limitations in the current modified frailty index (mFI) and future research directions are discussed. This review provides essential references for further understanding the role of frailty in CRC patients and the clinical application of the mFI.

The objective of this investigation was to analyse the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) status in the immune microenvironment (IME) and the prognostic outcomes of patients who have undergone radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Drought and flood disasters occur frequently in the Poyang Lake basin during the flood season, making it significantly important to monitor the lake's flood season area using time-series remote sensing. This research employed multisource remote sensing datasets from Landsat, ALOS, and Sentinel-1 across the time span of 2000–2022. Using the MNDWI method and adaptive global threshold segmentation, the flood season area of Poyang Lake was extracted. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the flood season area were analysed, and correlations with precipitation and temperature were assessed. Moreover, this study explored the characterization of its response to drought and flood events. The results revealed a strong fluctuation in the lake during the flood season, with the maximum and minimum area differences exceeding 3000 ​km2, and spatial changes were mainly concentrated in the southwestern lake region. There is a significant positive correlation between area changes and precipitation and a significant negative correlation with temperature. By analysing the response characteristics of the flood season area changes to drought and flood events, in years when the flood season area of Poyang Lake exceeds 4500 ​km2, extreme flood disasters usually occur. Areas between 3900 ​km2and 4500 ​km2are prone to floods, areas between 2000 ​km2and 3000 ​km2are prone to drought events, and areas below 2000 ​km2typically experience extreme drought disasters.

This study investigates the 3 July 2015 (Mw=6.4) earthquake that affected Pishan County in Xinjiang, China. Using Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR), we mapped the near-field surface displacement of this event to better characterize the seismic source parameters. The inverted results suggest that a conjugate fault system could produce very similar deformation patterns as those observed in both ascending and descending InSAR observations, and the south-dipping fault is selected as the optimal fault responsible for the event. The selected fault was concentrated on a thrust fault with a strike of 112°, a dip of 25° and an average rake angle of 89°. The InSAR analysis reveals a fragmentation of the Western Kunlun north margin fault, and the overall deformation of the seismogenic fault is characterized by thrust motion, which is consistent with the transpressional tectonic characteristics of the major faults in this region.

The Yishu fault zone (YSFZ) is the most active fault in eastern China, and it is the location of an M8.5 earthquake that occurred in 1668. However, topography and landforms in this area have been greatly altered by human activity during the previous three to four decades, which makes assessment of past earthquakes difficult. We therefore used a set of remote sensing images captured in the 1960s to evaluate the single‐event and multievent cumulative offsets of streams along the fault. The local landforms have preserved the Holocene seismic offsets well despite the moderately humid climate in which the local landforms have evolved rapidly. Geomorphic markers associated with 401 systematically dextrally offset streams were analyzed and measured. These offset markers are considered to record seismic rupture processes. Cumulative offset probability densities were analyzed according to slip distributions along various subsections of the YSFZ. Four strong paleoearthquakes in addition to the 1668 earthquake were revealed by offset density peaks within the YSFZ, a finding that differs from those of previous studies. The average offset of the 1668 event is approximately 9 m. The cumulative offsets of the other four paleoseismic events are essentially multiples of the latest event. A single event ruptured more than 200 km of discontinuous fault traces. The similarity of the previous five earthquakes implies that rupturing of the YSFZ has followed a characteristic slip model during the Holocene, with a right‐lateral slip rate of 2.2–2.6 mm/yr. We expect that the YSFZ is not due for another large earthquake for several thousand years. Historical remote sensing images reveal 401 dextrally offset streams along the Yishu fault zoneStatistical analysis of the offset density reveals at least five paleoearthquakesLarge paleoearthquakes in the Yishu fault zone produced an average offset of approximately 9 m

The MS6.4 Menyuan earthquake occurred on the northern side of the Lenglongling fault (LLLF) in the mid-western of the Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone on January 21, 2016. The earthquake epicenter was distant from the Minle-Damaying and Huangcheng-Shuangta faults, eastern of the Northern Qilian Shan fault zone. A near northwest-striking rupture plane intersects the two faults at a certain angle. The focal mechanism solution shows that this was a thrust-type earthquake, slightly different from the strike-slip movement with a thrust component of the LLLF. Field geological mapping, tectonic geomorphology analysis, trench excavation and 14C dating reveal that (1) the LLLF has been obviously active since the Holocene, and may behave with characteristic slip behavior and produce MW7.3–7.5 earthquakes; (2) the LLLF appears as a flower structure in terms of structure style, and dips NNE at a steep angle; and (3) the most recent earthquake event occurred after 1815–1065 a BP. An associated fault, the Northern Lenglongling fault (NLLLF), is located at the northwestern end of the LLLF. Consequently, the NLLLF was continually subject to tectonic pushing effects from the left-lateral shear at the end of the LLLF, and, accordingly, it bent and rotated outward tectonically. Subsequently, the fault deviated from the dominant rupture azimuth and activity weakened. In the late Quaternary, it behaved as a thrust fault with no obvious deformation at the surface. This is indicated by the arc shape, with a micro-protrusion northeastward, and no geologic or geomorphic signs of surface rupturing since the late Quaternary. However, such faults could still rupture at depth, producing moderate-strong earthquakes. The geometric and kinematic properties of the NLLLF are in good agreement with the occurrence and kinematic properties of nodal plane 2, and with the distribution characteristics of the aftershocks and seismic intensity. Therefore, the NLLLF is a more suitable seismogenic structure for the MS6.4 Menyuan earthquake. In addition, the thrust movement of the NLLLF accommodates subsequent movement of the LLLF. During the historical evolution of the NLLLF, the LLLF and the NLLLF have affected the local topography through tectonic uplift.

In this paper we use gravity data to study fine crustal structure and seismogenic environment beneath Beijing and its surrounding regions. Multi-scale wavelet analysis method is applied to separating gravity fields. Logarithmic power spectrum method is also used to calculate depth of gravity field source. The results show that the crustal structure is very complicated beneath Beijing and its surrounding areas. The crustal density exhibits laterally inhomogeneous. There are three large scale tectonic zones in North China, i.e., WNW-striking Zhangjiakou-Bohai tectonic zone (ZBTZ), NE-striking Taihang piedmont tectonic zone (TPTZ) and Cangxian tectonic zone (CTZ). ZBTZ and TPTZ intersect with each other beneath Beijing area and both of them cut through the lithosphere. The upper and middle crusts consist of many small-scale faults, uplifts and depressions. In the lower crust, these small-scale tectonic units disappear gradually, and they are replaced by large-scale tectonic units. In surrounding regions of Beijing, ZBTZ intersects with several other NE-striking tectonic units, such as Cangxian uplift, Jizhong depression and Shanxi Graben System (SGS). In west of Taihangshan uplift, gravity anomalies in upper and middle crusts are correlated with geological and topographic features on the surface. Compared with the crust, the structure is comparatively simple in uppermost mantle. Earthquakes mainly occurred in upper and middle crusts, especially in transitional regions between high gravity anomaly and low gravity anomaly. Occurrence of large earthquakes may be related to the upwelling of upper mantle and asthenosphere heat flow materials, such as Sanhe earthquake (MS8.0) and Tangshan earthquake (MS7.8).

Two rupture zones of Wenchuan earthquake have been successfully located by an offset-tracking procedure of ENVISAT ASAR amplitude images. Accuracy of offset-tracking strongly depends on the quality of image coregistration. In order to remove noise caused by coregistration, a combined filter method is proposed to remove noise of estimated offsets. In addition, Kriging interpolation is applied to smooth the azimuth displacement offset map. The displacement offset maps of azimuth and range show that about 245 km and 60 km in length along Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Guanxian-Jiangyou fault were ruptured by Wenchuan earthquake, respectively. The result of offset-tracking is validated by field observations of China Earthquake Administration.

Wildfires are serious natural disasters, and fire monitoring has become an important task for the protection of forest resources. Remote sensing technology has become one of the most commonly used tools for wildfire monitoring and fire point identification. However, single-source remote sensing data cannot meet the fire monitoring requirements of temporal resolution and spatial resolution simultaneously, which affects the efficiency and timeliness of monitoring. With the wildfire in Wakeliangzi, Xiangjiao township, Muli county, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, on March 28, 2020 as the study object, fire monitoring was carried out based on a collaboration of multi-source remote sensing data acquired by the Sentinel-2 satellite, Landsat-8 satellite and the GF-4 satellite. Based on the integrated shortwave and infrared bands of the Sentinel-2 satellites, which were sensitive to fire information, the fire patch was analyzed. The normalized differential vegetation indexes (NDVIs) and normalized burn ratios (NBRs) were calculated before and after the fire, and then, the burned area and fire severity were calculated based on the obtained NDVIs and NBRs. We performed time series monitoring of the fire points based on the remote sensing data acquired by the GF-4 satellite with a high temporal resolution. Moreover, according to the remote sensing data in the medium-wave infrared band, which is sensitive to fire information, the wildfire point was located based on the smoke screen and temperature. Lastly, we calculated the vegetation coverage based on the data from the Sentinel-2 satellites and analyzed the relationship between vegetation coverage and fire severity. With the remote sensing data acquired by the Landsat-8 satellites in the integrated shortwave and infrared bands, the spatial distribution of the fire patch was quickly and effectively obtained. The total burned area reached 180.37Km2, 117.24Km2of which had a low fire severity, 27.05Km2featured a medium fire severity and 45.09Km2had a high fire severity. Compared with the results of manual visual interpretation and cross validation of published results, the recognition accuracy of different fire areas is better. The multispectral data and medium-wave infrared band data acquired by the GF-4 satellite enabled us to locate the fire point and monitor the dynamic time series of the fire. The linear regression showed that the vegetation fractional cover (VFC) was significantly correlated with the relative differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR). By combining the high temporal-spatial resolution remote sensing data acquired by the Sentinel-2 satellites and the GF-4 satellite, wildfires can be dynamically monitored and quantitatively analyzed, thereby achieving precise, macro-level fire monitoring. The findings in this study not only provide information for the Muli fire, but the results also offer a technical reference for wildfire remote sensing monitoring and emergency response.