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Laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation (LIPAA) is an efficient and low-cost method for processing the metallic pattern on glass. In this study, the metallic sacrificed target was used in the LIPAA process, the feasibility of direct planar metallization on the glass substrate was explored. For this purpose, the morphology and chemical composition of the planar metallization layer on glass substrate, which was fabricated by line-by-line LIPAA, was characterized in detail, and the corresponding metallization regime was clarified. The experimental results indicate that gap distance between the glass specimen and metallic sacrificed substrate has a significant influence on the homogeneity, thickness, compactness, and chemical composition of the metallization layer. In addition, with a small gap distance, the periodic behaviors of generation, accumulation, blockage and spray of the metallic oxide powders between the gap bring about stripes embedded in the metallization layer. Moreover, based on the prepared metallization layer by line-by-line LIPAA, the patterned circuit was fabricated on the glass by laser patterning method and its conductivity was enhanced by successive chemical reduction. The comprehensive performance test for the patterned circuit in terms of morphology, adhesion strength, conductivity demonstrate that the line-by-line LIPAA method presents a great potential for preparing the patterned circuit on glass.

Introduction: Pain management for older patients with hip fractures is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided fascia iliac compartment block (UGFICB) using different doses of nalbuphine in combination with ropivacaine on preoperative analgesia in older patients with hip fractures. Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 280 elderly patients with hip fracture were randomly allocated into four UGFICB groups (n= 70 in each group): a ropivacaine group (30 mL 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.9% normal saline) and three ropivacaine plus nalbuphine groups (5, 10, and 20 mg nalbuphine, respectively). The primary outcomes were the duration of analgesia at rest and on passive movement. Secondary outcomes included sensory block area, side effects, and vital signs. The doses of rescue analgesia with parecoxib sodium were also analyzed. Results: The addition of nalbuphine dose-dependently increased the duration of analgesia at rest and on passive movement (P< 0.05) and expanded the area of sensory block (P< 0.05). Compared with the ropivacaine group, the pain scores at rest and on movement at 6 and 8 h after the block were lower in three ropivacaine plus nalbuphine groups (P< 0.05), without between-group differences at 2, 4, and 12 h. The four groups had comparable side effects (nausea and vomiting) and vital signs (P> 0.05). Conclusions: UGFICB with 5, 10, and 20 mg nalbuphine added to ropivacaine prolonged the analgesia duration, increased sensory block area, reduced pain, and decreased the doses of rescue parecoxib sodium for older patients after hip fracture, without obvious side effects. Among these three doses, nalbuphine 20 mg in combination with ropivacaine provided the longest duration of analgesia and the largest sensory block area. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000029934).

The interligand charge dynamics of the lowest singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states (1MLCT S1states) of a series of quadruply bonded trans-Mo2(NN)2(O2C–X)2paddlewheel compounds are investigated, where NN is a π-accepting phenylpropiolamidinate ligand and O2C–X (X = Me, tBu, TiPB, or CF3) is an auxiliary carboxylate ligand. The compounds show strong light absorption in the visible region due to MLCT transitions from the Mo2center to the NN ligands. The transferred electron density was followed by femtosecond time-resolved infrared (fs-TRIR) spectroscopy with vibrational reporters such as the ethynyl groups on the NN ligands. The observed fs-TRIR spectra show that these compounds have asymmetric 1MLCT S1excited states where the transferred electron mainly resides on a single NN ligand. The presence of interligand electron transfer (ILET) is suggested to explain the shape of the ν(CC) bands and the influence of auxiliary ligands and solvents on the interligand electronic coupling. The ILET in the 1MLCT S1state is shown to be sensitive to the functional groups on the auxiliary ligands while being less responsive to changes in solvents.

A significant number of molecular catalysts have been developed for electrochemical CO2reduction with high efficiency and selectivity; however, testing of these electrocatalysts in an application-ready system is lacking. Here, we present an example of a nonaqueous flow cell electrolyzer with [Ni(cyclam)]2+as the homogeneous electrocatalyst for CO2reduction. Using ferrocene as a sacrificial electron donor and ammonium salts as both electrolyte and proton donor, efficient catalytic CO2reduction is achieved. The nonaqueous design shows high selectivity for the reduction of CO2to CO (>80%) and achieves high current densities with a graphite felt working electrode (up to 50 mA·cm–2with 0.5 M proton donor in MeCN solution), producing >40 mL·h–1of CO. The choice of a molecular electrocatalyst, solvent, and proton donor are the key factors for achieving high activity with an efficient flow electrolyzer and the eventual development of a viable continuous process.

It is of great importance but full of challenge to construct intelligent materials with self-powered, durable and high fire-safety to meet the requirements of the intelligent fire protection towards Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, phosphorous-containing ionic liquid (PIL)-based ionogels (PILGs) were fabricated with acrylamide, low melting point polyanionic polystyrene sulfonate sodium and polycationic polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride via ultraviolet initiated polymerization. PILGs showed good ionic conductivity (1.33 S·m−1) and high ionic thermoelectric effect (1.31 mV·K−1), which endowed flammable materials with accurate temperature-sensing, sensitive fire-warning performance and outstanding flame retardancy. When being burned, PILGs triggered the fire-warning system at about 1 s and rapidly self-extinguished. Besides, due to the good thermostability and low volatility of PIL, PILGs displayed high durability in extreme environments. More importantly, PILGs were designed as thermoelectric capacitors and high output power galvanic cells, which could power fire-warning circuits and electronics. Our work provides new insights for the development and application of self-powered intelligent fire protection materials.

Four photophysically interesting dimolybdenum paddlewheel compounds are synthesized and characterized: Iand IIcontain amide ligand (N,3-diphenyl-2-propynamide), and IIIand IVcontain thioamide ligand (N,3-diphenyl-2-propynethioamide). Iand IIIare trans-Mo2L2(O2C-TiPB)2-type compounds, and IIand IVare Mo2L4-type compounds, where O2C-TiPB is 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate. I–IVdisplay strong light absorption due to metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions from molybdenum to the amide/thioamide ligands. Charge transfer dynamics in the MLCT excited states of I–IVhave been examined using femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy and femtosecond time-resolved infrared (fs-TRIR) spectroscopy. The asymmetric amide/thioamide ligands show two forms of regioarrangements in the paddlewheel compounds. Analyses of the ν(CC) bands in the fs-TRIR spectra of Iand IIshow similar electron density distribution over ligands in their 1MLCT S1states where only two amide ligands are involved and the transferred electron is mainly localized on one of them. The fs-TRIR spectra of IIIand IV, however, show different charge distribution patterns where the transferred electron is fully delocalized over two thioamide ligands in IIIand partially delocalized in IV. Fast interligand electron transfer (ILET) was recognized as the explanation for the various charge distribution patterns, and ILET was shown to be influenced by both the ligands and the ligand arrangements.

Two dimolybdenum compounds featuring amidinate ligands with a CC bond, Mo2(NN)4(I), where NN = N,N′-diphenylphenylpropiolamidinate, and trans-Mo2(NN)2(TiPB)2(II), where TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate, have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Together with Mo2(DAniF)4(III), where DAniF = N,N′-bis(p-anisyl)formamidinate, all three compounds have been studied with steady-state UV–vis, IR, and time-resolved spectroscopy methods. Iand IIdisplay intense metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT). Singlet state (S1) lifetimes of I–IIIare determined to be 0.7, 19.1, and 2.0 ps, respectively. All three compounds have long-lived triplet state (T1) lifetimes around 100 μs. In femtosecond time-resolved infrared (fs-TRIR) experiments, one ν(CC) band is observed at the S1state for Ibut two for II, which indicate different patterns of charge distribution. The electron would have to be localized on one NN ligand in Iand partially delocalized over two NN ligands in IIto account for the observations. The result is a standard showcase of excited-state mixed valence in coordination compounds.

Capacitive touch panels (CTPs), as a medium of information interactions, have become essential parts in many consumer electronics. However, current methods such as image edge matching and frequency notch filter cannot suit the defect detection for the new-type complex CTP patterns, which have neither basic primitives nor periodicity. For solving the issues, we proposed a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF)-based large-size image registration method, and combined it with image tolerance models to detect defects in such CTP patterns. The NMF-based image registration method can fast extract each CTP from a large image. And then, any three of registered images are selected as reference images, which are further processed by threshold processing and simple mathematical morphological operation to obtain tolerance models. Afterward, we can use the tolerance models to obtain a nondefective template. In the normal inspection stage, the defects in CTP patterns can be identified as long as comparing the tolerance models of the template and sensed images. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately detect various types of defects in CTP patterns. Moreover, the detection results are robust under different illuminations. Therefore, this algorithm can be reliably applied in actual inspection of such new-type CTP patterns.

Advanced Process Control (APC) has been widely applied in state-of-the-art semiconductor industries for the everlasting pursuit of cycle time reduction, higher yield, and zero scraps. Inline metrology is thus valuable input for the improvement of wafer-to-wafer and within-wafer CD variations originated from either abnormality or noise of different processes. Implementing a suitable APC scheme to process flow remains a challenging task for engineers. In most cases, it is enough to implement the APC to only one single pattern on Chip. However, for multi-purpose chip design, the CD control of multiple patterns is becoming important. In this paper, we presented an APC workflow to control the CD of two different patterns. It is shown that, with the same amount of APC process layers, we were able to improve from single pattern CD control to dual pattern CD control. The final process variations of two patterns can be controlled within ±0.5 nm.

Large-scale assembly of graphenes in a well-controlled macroscopic fashion is important for practical applications. We have developed a facile and straightforward approach for continuous fabrication of neat, morphology-defined, graphene-based hollow fibers (HFs) viaa coaxial two-capillary spinning strategy. With a high throughput, HFs and necklace-like HFs of graphene oxide have been well-controlled produced with the ease of functionalization and conversion to graphene HFs viasimply thermal or chemical reduction. This work paves the way toward the mass production of graphene-based HFs with desirable functionalities and morphologies for many of important applications in fluidics, catalysis, purification, separation, and sensing.

Multifunctional intelligent fireproof cotton fabrics are urgently demanded in the era of the Internet of Things. Herein, a novel high fire safety cotton fabric (denoted as MXene/CCS@CF) with temperature sensing, fire-warning, piezoresistivity, and Joule heating performance was developed by coating MXene nanosheet and carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) via an eco-friendly layer-by-layer assembly method. Benefiting from the thermoelectric characteristic and high conductivity of MXene nanosheet, MXene/CCS@CF exhibited accurate wide-range temperature sensing performance. When being burned, it could repeatedly trigger the fire-warning system in less than 10 s. More importantly, MXene/CCS@CF showed outstanding flame retardancy because of the synergistic carbonization between MXene and CCS. The limiting oxygen index of MXene/CCS@CF was as high as 45.5%, and the char length was only 33 mm after the vertical burning test. Meanwhile, its peak heat release rate reduced more than 66%. Besides, the obtained fabric could detect a variety of human motions. Moreover, the controllable Joule heating performance enabled the fabric to be used in extreme cold weather. This work provides a facile approach to fabricating a next-generation high fire safety cotton fabric, showing promising applications in firefighting, home automation, and smart transportation.