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This article is dedicated to assisting healthcare professionals in promptly identifying and examining patients displaying symptoms that might indicate bladder and kidney cancer. Recently, wearable antennas have garnered significant attention from researchers and gained widespread popularity owing to their appealing features and potential applications. They are essential to wireless body area networks used in sports, healthcare, the military, and identity. Unlike traditional antennas, these devices are in immediate contact to the human body’s tissues, meaning that parameters such as gain, radiation pattern, bandwidth, return loss, directivity, efficiency, and specific absorption rate (SAR) are all impacted by interaction of human body tissues. The goal is to use the understanding of microwave signal interaction with bodily tissues to identify and pinpoint kidney cancers. When compared to healthy tissues, malignant tumors frequently display different dielectric characteristics. These dielectric properties, such as permittivity and conductivity, influence how tissues interact with electromagnetic waves. Microwave techniques have the potential to offer diagnostic information without the necessity for invasive surgical procedures. In this study, we develop metamaterial surfaces that offer a high degree of isolation and greatly lower SAR, with goal of improving the performance and minimizing any negative impact. The paper provides thorough analysis of the requirements and analytical elements pertinent to wearable antennas, such as SAR for on-body evaluation, microwave-based antenna research, and performance metrics.

The changes in natural ecosystems provide opportunity to increase vegetation carbon sink capacity and thereby contribute to mitigation of climate change impacts. The Indian tropics and the large ecological variation within the country afford the advantage of diverse niches and offer opportunities to reveal the role of biotic factors at different levels of organization from populations to ecosystems. The last 4 decades of research and development in the Indian space science community has been primarily application driven in response to the government space programme for national development. The expenditure in R&D over next 5 year suggest that scientific research is higher on the country's agenda. The Indo-UK Terrestrial Carbon Group (IUTCG) comprising both Indian and UK scientists, funded jointly by the Department of Science and Technology, India and the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills organised a workshop to explore ways in which Earth observation data can be effectively utilised in mitigating the impacts of climate change through vegetation management. Effective integration of field observations, collected through various monitoring networks, and satellite sensor data has been proposed to provide country-wide monitoring.

I. Introduction The Rule of Law, in essence, embodies a number of important interrelated ideas. First, there should be clear limits to the power of the state. A government exercises [...]

The advancements in modern wireless communications enhances the Internet of Things (IoT) which in turns the extensive variety of applications which covers smart home, healthcare, smart energy, and Industrial 4.0. The idea of the Web of Things (WoT) was established to expand the potential of these smart devices. It enables the devices that are connected through a common network. It has played a significant part in connecting all smart devices over the internet, allowing them to share services and resources globally. However, as devices become more connected, they become more exposed to various forms of malicious activities. The DDoS and DoS attacks are the major one that can disrupt the regular operation of network and expose the malicious information. So detecting and preventing the attacks in the WoT is a significant research area. The deep belief networks based intrusion detection system is proposed in this paper to detect the malicious activities like Normal, Botnet, Brute Force, Dos/DDos, Infiltration, PortScan and Web based attacks in WoTs. We examined the proposed method with the CICIDS2017 dataset for training and testing purposes and also achieved the average of 97.8% of accuracy and 97.6% of detection rate.

Byline: T. Sundaram, M. Nagarajan, V. Nagarajan, Sanjay. Supe, R. Mohanraj, T. Balaji, S. Jayakumar, M. Balasubramaniam, K. Govindarajan Context: Possible benefits of inverse planning. Aims: To analyze possible benefits [...]

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Discussion Conclusion References Abstract Ewing's sarcomas (EWS) / Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET) are small round cell tumours occurring in bone and soft tissues, characterized [...]

This study describes the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in water, soil and the major crop grains of wheat, maize and rice. The concentrations (mg/L) of Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in irrigating water were recorded in the range of 0.09–0.15, 1.14–1.49, 1.21–1.86, 6.11–8.14, 1.71–1.99 and 0.03–0.05, respectively, while in the soil, their variations were in a range of 22–264, 89–1142, 8–132, 294–636, 10–360 and 0–3 mg/kg, respectively. Except for Zn in irrigation water and Cu in the soil, other heavy metals were recorded above the permissible values. In crop grains, the concentrations (mg/kg) of Cr (32–46.63), Mn (8.14–25.7), Pb (89–104.5) and Cd (0.9–1.25) were recorded above the permissible limits prescribed by different international and Indian agencies for edible items, while Zn (5.5–9.63) was under the permissible limit. The wheat grains showed the highest translocation of heavy metals from the soil environment, which was followed by rice and maize grains. The most common health issues recorded among the population were problems of the skin, stomach, blood pressure, kidney and nervous systems.

Gadolinium doped barium cerate (BCG) electrolytes Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9+ xBaO (x = 0.1 and 0.4) were prepared by wet chemical method for the use in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (600 °C to 800 °C). The as-prepared powder sample was calcined at 900 °C. The calcination temperature was identified using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The orthorhombic perovskite phase formation was confirmed by XRD analysis. From TEM results, the particle size was found to be about 32 nm which is in a good agreement with XRD results. BCG nanoparticles were formed at lower sintering temperature due to using microwave furnace. By reducing the sintering temperature of solid electrolyte through microwave technique, the percentage of barium loss was successfully reduced and the prepared electrolyte can be a good choice for solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures.

CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 (CIGS) bulk compound was prepared by direct reaction of high purity (99.99%) elemental copper, indium, gallium and selenium. Using the prepared bulk CIGS, polycrystalline CuInGaSe2 thin films were deposited onto well cleaned soda-lime glass substrates using hot wall deposition technique by optimizing process parameters such as the wall temperature, filament current and time of deposition. The x-ray diffraction studies on the as-prepared films revealed polycrystalline nature. The composition of the chemical constituents present in the prepared bulk and thin films has been determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The surface morphology of CIGS thin film of deposition time 3 min. have been carried out using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The AFM images revealed that the average grain size was 20 nm and the surface roughness was about 8 nm. Transmittance spectra in the wavelength range of 190 nm to 2500 nm was obtained using a double beam spectrophotometer (UV-VIS) and the results are discussed.

Mangroves are habitats in the coasts of tropics and subtropics, hence the geomorphology of the coast prevails in both the ocean and the land processes. To study the geomorphic setting of mangroves, it is necessary to explore both the topography of the land and the bathymetry of the sea. In this study, the geomorphic setting of mangroves in the South Andaman Island has been studied in detail using remote sensing and GIS technology. The ortho-rectified IRS satellite image was used to identify and to map the mangroves and the associated features using the visual interpretation technique. Using the GIS technique, topographic and bathymetric DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) were created to understand the geomorphology and its influence on the mangrove ecosystem. This DEM was interpreted with mangrove distribution and its associated features to create the DTM (Digital Terrain Model) of the mangrove ecosystem. Topography and bathymetry of the coast result in three dominant features like rivers, tides and waves, which play a role in shaping the geomorphic settings of mangroves, which are classified into five major types. In this study, it is identified that all the five categories of major geomorphic settings of the mangrove community exist in the south Andaman. In the field surveys, ground truth of topographic elevation, mangrove species, and associated coastal land cover features were identified and confirmed in these geomorphic settings. It is concluded that topography and bathymetry settings of the island play an indispensable role in this fragile mangrove ecosystem.

The genes that are part of the somatotropic axis play a crucial role in the regulation of growth and development of goat and other livestock animals. The identification of genetic polymorphisms in these genes will enable us to evaluate the biological relevance of such polymorphisms and to gain a better understanding of quantitative traits like growth. The present study was undertaken with the objective to analyze the caprine growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) genes to gain insight into the polymorphisms in these genes across different indigenous goat breeds in a panel of 80 animals. The comparative gene sequence analysis in all Capra hircusbreeds under study revealed 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across different loci of GHR, IGF1, and IGFBP-3 genes. Out of 31 SNPs detected, 18, 8, and 5 SNPs were present in IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and GHR genes, respectively. All the mutations pointed out in the GHR and IGF1 genes were found to be synonymous and 6 of 8 SNPs in IGFBP-3 were found to be nonsynonymous. All the detected mutations were reported here for the first time. The frequencies of the SNPs were assessed in nine different goat breeds. Across breeds, the average frequency of the least frequent alleles ranged from 0.02 to 0.17.

The use of antibodies in therapy and diagnosis has undergone an unprecedented expansion during the past two decades. This is due in part to innovations in antibody engineering that now offer opportunities for the production of “second generation” antibodies with multiple specificities or altered valencies. The targeting of individual components of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3-PI3K signaling axis, including the preferred heterodimerization partner HER2, is known to have limited anti-tumor effects. The efficacy of antibodies or small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in targeting this axis is further reduced by the presence of the HER3 ligand, heregulin. To address these shortcomings, we performed a comparative analysis of two distinct approaches toward reducing the proliferation and signaling in HER2 overexpressing tumor cells in the presence of heregulin. These strategies both involve the use of engineered antibodies in combination with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 specific TKI, lapatinib. In the first approach, we generated a bispecific anti-HER2/HER3 antibody that, in the presence of lapatinib, is designed to sequester HER3 into inactive HER2-HER3 dimers that restrain HER3 interactions with other possible dimerization partners. The second approach involves the use of a tetravalent anti-HER3 antibody with the goal of inducing efficient HER3 internalization and degradation. In combination with lapatinib, we demonstrate that although the multivalent HER3 antibody is more effective than its bivalent counterpart in reducing heregulin-mediated signaling and growth, the bispecific HER2/HER3 antibody has increased inhibitory activity. Collectively, these observations provide support for the therapeutic use of bispecifics in combination with TKIs to recruit HER3 into complexes that are functionally inert.

Abstract: Along the tropical coast, there is cyclic variation in wind, wave currents, water and sediment influx, and the coasts experience a monsoonal storm surge that reaches nearly 2–3 times higher than the rest of the year, and foreshores undergo a complex evolution during an annual cycle. Hence, knowledge of foreshore evolution is critical in shoreline management. In this paper, study results on meso-scale foreshore evolution in a low-energy headland bay beach, situated in the Central West Coast of India near Manki, are discussed based on their seasonal and decadal changes in sandy shoreline configuration, wave refraction, sediment movement and depositional process. Decadal changes in the shoreline configuration indicated headland-side erosion and bay growth whereas the southern end grown seawards between the period 1979 and 2001–2002, while the beaches adjacent to the creek present in the area showed accretion and farther south of the creek showed minor erosion, and the trend continued through 2015. Wave refraction patterns for the waves approaching from northwest (NW), west and southwest (SW) for the wave periods 6, 8, 10 and 12 s indicated (a) wave convergence at the central part of the Manki beach; for the waves approaching from NW for wave periods 6 s; (b) wave divergence for the waves approaching from west with wave periods 6, 8, 10 and 12 s and (c) wave convergence at the bay side for the SW as well as NW approach of waves for wave period 10 s. Seasonal beach modification, in general, indicated post-monsoonal to pre-monsoonal (September to April) accretion and May to September erosion. Foreshore is gentle and dissipative (<6°). Sediments in all the seasons are bimodal (at 2ϕand 2.752ϕ) in nature, and show dominantly saltation to suspension mode of transport. A parabolic shoreline prediction model indicated negative sediment budget in the central and northern parts of the beach (near the headland) and positive sediment budget at the southern end of the beach. Integration of the foreshore profile, sediment movement pattern, results of parabolic shoreline prediction model and decadal changes in shoreline configuration indicated that sediment budget is a critical issue in headland-bounded beaches, and utmost care is needed in the management of such shore line. Research highlights:

This paper uses seasonal variations in the foreshore morphology, beach volume, sediment characteristics and wave refraction pattern to understand the sediment movement within the beach.

Based on Hsu et al.’s (2004) model shoreline position is predicted.

For a finite sediment input beach, shoreline management strategy is suggested.

Political stability and development of political institutions to address the complexities of integrated societies are essential components of sustained economic growth that Southeast Asian nations will have to address. Economic development leads to formation of groups with divergent interests, and the risk of political instability increases. Failure to address these concerns can result in slowing of economic growth, and slowed economic growth can breed further political unrest. Southeast Asia must also be aware of its political and economic interdependence on nations outside the region.

Abstract: Alumina (Al2O3) thin films were deposited over glass and Si substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at an oxygen partial pressure of 0.03 Pa. The presence of aluminium and oxygen was confirmed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the films were found to be nearly stoichiometric or oxygen rich at a sputtering power of 70 W and 60 W, respectively. The as-deposited films were found to be amorphous. Subsequent annealing experiments in vacuum revealed that crystallisation started at 550oC and increased thereafter at higher annealing temperatures for those films deposited at a sputtering power of 70 W. The topography of the as-deposited and annealed films was analyzed by Atomic force microscopy and a progressive increase in the rms roughness of the films was observed with increase in the annealing temperature and the results are discussed

The effect of chirality and steric bulk of 2,5‐disubstituted piperazines as additives in the conjugate addition of 2‐nitropropane to cyclohexenone, catalyzed by l‐proline, was investigated. Neither chirality nor steric bulk affects the enantioselectivity of addition, which gives 86–93% ee in the presence of achiral and chiral nonracemic 2,5‐disubstituted piperazines. Proline hydroxamic acid is shown for the first time to be an effective organocatalyst in the same Michael reaction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality 17:540–543, 2005.

CdSexTe1–x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ternary thin films have been deposited on well-cleaned glass substrates by a hot wall deposition technique, using source materials prepared by direct reaction of high-purity elemental cadmium, selenium and tellurium. The composition of the deposited films has been studied using energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays. The effect of composition on the optical properties has been studied. The optical studies showed a quadratic variation of band gap with composition. The energy band gap was a minimum (1.39 eV) for the composition CdSe0.4Te0.6. The refractive index of the films has been determined using the transmittance spectra. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Copper indium diselenide thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by the chemical bath deposition technique onto well-cleaned glass substrates at room temperature. The thickness of the deposited films has been determined by gravimetry. The structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies. These studies confirm the polycrystalline nature of the films with chalcopyrite structure. The structural parameters such as lattice constants, axial ratio, tetragonal distortion, crystallite size, dislocation density and number of crystallites per unit area have been evaluated. The composition of the various constituents in CuInSe2 films has been determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The optical properties have been studied in detail in the wavelength range 4000–14500 Å and the optical band gap has been found to be direct and allowed.

A series of computer simulations of industrial chemical engineering processes designed to be used as senior chemical engineering laboratory “experiments” are being developed. Each company sponsor has also produced a 20‐minute videotape of the process so that students may “tour” the facilities. Four modules have been completed. Two additional modules are currently being developed. The distribution of all materials will be handled by CACHE. Although the modules were designed for use in the senior chemical engineering laboratory course, schools report success in applying the modules in other chemical engineering courses.

The reactions of 1-aryl-2-phynyl-4-methylthio-4-secondaryamino / 4- N-allyl- N-aryl amino-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes 1with butadienylketene leading to a mixture of 5-dienyl pyrimidinones 4and 5-butenyl pyrimidinones 6are reported. Tandem [1,5]H and [1,5]SMe shifts are invoked to explain the formation of pyrimidinones 6.

Novel 1,4 methylene transfer from a Simmons-Smith reagent to 1-aryl-4-secondary amino-4-methylthio or methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes leading to 1-aryl-2-phenyl-4-secondary amino or methyl -imidazoles are described.

Oxygen free radicals produced by neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A, vitamin E and cysteine in the plasma can scavenge free radicals. In the present study, plasma levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, cysteine, cystine and protein‐bound cysteine were measured in active ulcerative colitis before and immediately after treatment of the active disease, and correlated with disease severity, extent and activity. Plasma vitamin A and cysteine were significantly reduced in active ulcerative colitis compared with controls. Levels of vitamin E, cystine and protein‐bound cysteine were not significantly altered in active ulcerative colitis. Vitamin A and cysteine concentrations returned to normal levels (P< 0.05) within 2 weeks of treating active colitis. There were significant negative correlations between clinical severity and the plasma concentrations of vitamin A and cysteine. Plasma cysteine levels also correlated inversely to disease extent. Depletion of the circulating antioxidants, vitamin A and cysteine, in active ulcerative colitis is likely to be important in the pathophysiology of the disease.

Acute clearance studies were performed in normal subjects to establish the site(s) and mechanism of action of the new diuretic agent, bumetanide (3-n-butylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamylbenzoic acid), in the human kidney. When the drug was administered during water diuresis, solute-free water formation was unchanged associated with a peak increment in fractional sodium excretion of approximately 15% of filtered load. However, studies performed in hydropenic subjects demonstrated a virtual abolition of free water reabsorption. The diuretic caused a mild phosphaturia which did not appear to be related to alterations in parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, whereas net hydrogen ion excretion and urinary pH were unchanged, the excretion of ammonium ion, titratable acidity and bicarbonate all increased mildly. Taken together, the data suggest that the primary site of action of bumetanide is the medullary portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, but that in addition, bumetanide inhibits the transport of sodium in the proximal nephron. Despite the fact that the drug is a sulfonamide derivative, its proximal activity seems unrelated to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effect. More likely the agent interferes with proximal reabsorption by impairing sodium-phosphate linked transport.

Urbanization is gaining pace worldwide and is the most elemental cause of global land transformation. This necessitates land use land cover change to be analyzed on various spatial and temporal scales to understand its potential impacts on the environment. This work focuses on the urbanization in the area of Gandhinagar district, Gujarat, India which encloses Gandhinagar, the capital city of Gujarat. Though a capital, the city has seen limited growth and development since its formation in 1961. Land use change was analyzed from 1995 to 2016 and land change modeling was attempted to generate future prediction scenarios in 2025 using the IDRISI TERRSET Land change modeler. The change analysis revealed vast growth in rural and urban built-up, majorly, at the expense of agriculture, slightly contributed by the decline in scrubland. There is much scope for urban densification as urban built-up occupies only about 5% of the total land cover as observed by the land use land cover map of 2016. The growth of the city has been very slow as compared to the other cities of its time due to a state-centric approach. But the projected scenario discovered a faster sprawl-like built-up growth towards the urban areas in the west and the south instead of an isodiametric aggregation around the capital city due to an arbitrary planning system. We recommend bringing all the talukas in Gandhinagar under one roof and considering the development of the whole district in scope for better policy and management.

We report here a highly diastereoselective multicomponent synthesis of imidazolines. These low molecular weight scaffolds contain a four-point diversity applicable to alkyl, aryl, acyl, and hetereocyclic substitutions.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.