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Heavy metals (HM) are among the elements that are rare in nature and threaten human health, animals, and the environment. Fix sources including (power plants, industries, homes) and mobile sources include (cars and motorcycles) are the main sources production and emission of HM. It is important to understand the main information about sources of emission, chemical processes (reactions, oxidation, and leaching), and how they precipitate. The aim of this study was to evaluation an increased risk of leukemia due to exposure to HM. In this article narrative, the first literature search was performed with 580 articles according to different databases: Elsevier, PubMed, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. 70 articles were included in the analysis process. Finally, 8 full-text articles were selected in this research. The search was restricted to English-language papers published between 2000 and 2021. In final stage literature, there is a notable health effect (carcinogenic) because of exposure to heavy metals. According to the results of this research natural procedures and human activities (industrial processes, car exhaust, and cigarette smoke) are the most important of ways that heavy metals can enter the natural cycle. Air, food, soil, water, and groundwater are the main sources of heavy metals that can cause severe disorders in the human body. After entering the body through ingestion heavy metals produce stable bio-toxic compounds. These compounds by disrupting biological processes, interrupt the body’s functions and cause various cancers in the human body. The results of this study can help to politicians for make comprehensive decisions to solve the problem and increase public awareness of the use of protective equipment.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most important gaseous air pollutants and the chemical index of sulfur oxides (SOx). SO2is one of the six criteria pollutants in the air quality index (AQI). SO2can be emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources. Although efforts have been made to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions worldwide, this pollutant and its adverse effects remain a major concern, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was the investigated the effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on human health. This narrative review was done based on the literature published from 2000 to 2022 through PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. In this study, was done screened first based on the abstract and Final assessment done based on the full text of the article. Finally, 38 articles were selected for inclusion in the study. The results of this study showed that sulfur dioxide has adverse health effects on the human respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems and causes type 2 diabetes and non-accidental deaths. Although some evidence suggests that sulfur dioxide in given concentrations has no adverse health effect, its synergistic effects in combination with other air pollutants may be significant. Among the most important practical results of this study can be mentioned to increase the health awareness of the general public, help the politicians of the health sector in making decisions in the health field, creating awareness among polluting producing units and industries and efforts to reduce the emission of Sulfur dioxide.

Dust storms expose people suspended particles, microorganisms and potential allergens that have been absorbed by dust particles during airborne transport. The purpose of this study was investigation effect of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in dust storm on human health. Databases used to for searched were the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer and Science Direct (Scopus). 58 papers based on abstract and article text filtered. In the end after sieve we selected 10 papers. Identify all relevant studies published 1978-2022. The literature showed that green spaces created by city officials in different areas include a set of trees and shrubs in accordance with the effect of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in dust storm on human health. Based on the result the many studies are conducted every year on the characteristics and different sources of dust, one of the most important of which is the ability of these storms to carry pathogenic microorganisms. the purpose of this study is the effect of bacteria and fungi in dust storms on human health. The findings of this study showed that the evaluation of various studies showed that with the occurrence of dust storms that originate from different sources, in addition to transporting suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and fungi are also transmitted by dust storms from near and far places and cause various diseases of these include respiratory and pulmonary problems, upper respiratory tract infections, and cardiovascular disease.

Colistin is used as a last resort for the management of infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, the use of this antibiotic could lead to different side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, in most patients, and the high prevalence of colistin-resistant strains restricts the use of colistin in the clinical setting. Additionally, colistin could induce resistance through the increased formation of biofilm; biofilm-embedded cells are highly resistant to antibiotics, and as with other antibiotics, colistin is impaired by bacteria in the biofilm community. In this regard, the researchers used combination therapy for the enhancement of colistin activity against bacterial biofilm, especially MDR bacteria. Different antibacterial agents, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, natural compounds, antibiotics from different families, N-acetylcysteine, and quorum-sensing inhibitors, showed promising results when combined with colistin. Additionally, the use of different drug platforms could also boost the efficacy of this antibiotic against biofilm. The mentioned colistin-based combination therapy not only could suppress the formation of biofilm but also could destroy the established biofilm. These kinds of treatments also avoided the emergence of colistin-resistant subpopulations, reduced the required dosage of colistin for inhibition of biofilm, and finally enhanced the dosage of this antibiotic at the site of infection. However, the exact interaction of colistin with other antibacterial agents has not been elucidated yet; therefore, further studies are required to identify the precise mechanism underlying the efficient removal of biofilms by colistin-based combination therapy.

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Purpose: Nano-photosensitizer-based light-activated treatments are safe for numerous cancer indications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces chemical damage to targeted lesions, and photothermal therapy (PTT) causes thermal damage. PTT contrast agents are not required for PDT, but they can boost their effectiveness. PDT uses photosensitizers. Phototherapies based on nanoparticles exhibit high efficacy, limited invasion, and few harmful effects when used to treat cancers. This review discusses phototherapies for cancer therapy and developing preclinical methodologies that may improve their effectiveness and utility. Methods: All the reported works were retrieved from two databases (i.e., PubMed and Google Scholar) using the keywords “Photothermal therapy” “immunotherapy”, “cancer”, “nanoparticles”, and “photodynamic therapy”. This paper surveyed studies on nanoparticle-based photo/immunotherapies and examined recent nanoparticle-based PTT and PDT developments. We also will be discussed difficulties and potential future research areas. Results: Recent research has focused on these phototherapies. Phototherapeutic devices and drugs have been evolved recently for cancer treatments, however, considerable difficulties have limited their clinical use to a few dermatological disorders. Combining nano-based photosensitizers with chemotherapies or immunotherapies for targeting or localizing activation could improve outcomes and reduce adverse effects. Conclusion: These innovative approaches are anticipated to play a significant role in advancing conventional tumor therapy approaches.

In today’s world, wound healing is a growing serious problem for clinical institutes. In this study, nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared using polyurethane as a mat scaffold. Also, by immersing curcumin as an antibacterial component another scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The obtained scaffolds were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, tensile analysis, porosity, and water vapor transmission rate. MTT and DAPI staining were used to prove the biocompatibility and cell attachment of the nanofibers. The curcumin incorporated into the PU scaffold can stop both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria activities through direct contact with them. Studies showed that the PU/Curcumin scaffold has considerable ability to play a key role in wound healing applications.

Glioblastoma is one of the serious cancer in the world that treatment methods of this tumor through conventional methods such as surgery and chemotherapeutics are challenging due to difficult accessibility and blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here, in order to have appropriate efficacy of glioblastoma treatment with radiotherapy we developed targeted nanoradiosensitizer, which can be a promising procedure in favor of decreasing dosage of radiation. In this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) as a radiosensitizer agent with high atomic number coated with bovine serum albumin, which introduced high chemical stability, nontoxicity, and biodegradability to synthesized nanoparticles. Glutathione is also employed in this designing as the BBB shuttle peptide. After characterization of this designing through the FeSEM, DLS, FTIR and XRD, whose efficacy of treatment on cancer cell line (U87) is accomplished through the MTT, apoptosis, ROS and calcein AM/PI in presence and absence of X-ray.

Nanomaterials and nanostructures have shown fascinating performances in various biomedicine fields, from cosmetic to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Engineered nanomaterials can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances/drugs to eliminate their limitations in the free forms, such as low bioavailability, multiple drug administration, off-target effects, and various side effects. Moreover, it is possible to deliver the loaded cargo to the desired site of action using engineered nanomaterials. One approach that has made nanocarriers more sophisticated is the “biomimetic” concept. In this scenario, biomolecules (e.g., natural proteins, peptides, phospholipids, cell membranes) are used as building blocks to construct nanocarriers and/or modify agents. For instance, it has been reported that specific cells tend to migrate to a particular site during specific circumstances (e.g., inflammation, tumor formation). Employing the cell membrane of these cells as a coating for nanocarriers confers practical targeting approaches. Accordingly, we introduce the biomimetic concept in the current study, review the recent studies, challenge the issues, and provide practical solutions.

Purpose: The present investigation is devoted to providing two/three-dimensional (2D/3D) models for estimating the amount of thermoelastic damping (TED) in circular cross-sectional micro/nanorings by capturing the effects of size on thermal domain via dual-phase-lag (DPL) heat conduction model. Methods: To achieve the goal of the article, first of all, the equation of heat conduction derived in the framework of DPL model is solved. In this way, for 2D and 3D models of heat propagation, the temperature field in the ring is obtained in the form of infinite series. Next, by exploiting the relation of quality factor in entropy generation (EG) approach, a formulation including the two phase lag parameters of DPL model is extracted to anticipate TED value in small-sized rings with circular cross section. Results: By comparing the results of this investigation with those of studies in the literature that are based on simpler heat conduction models, a validation study is accomplished. An intensive numerical study is also performed to discern the influence of some of the most significant factors such as phase lag parameters of DPL model, vibration mode, the dimensions and ring material on TED. Conclusion: The findings reveal the noticeable effect of phase lag parameters of DPL model on the magnitude of TED in miniaturized circular cross-sectional rings, especially in smaller dimensions and higher vibration modes.

The biomedicine field has been significantly impacted by optical procedures using designed laser and optical equipment, and exploiting those are now evolving. In the field of cancer treatment through nanomedicine, advanced procedures including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been employed recently. However, using phototherapy methods alone is unable to entirely treat various cancers with different circumstances such as hypoxia, inaccessible location, side effect, and low tendency in some the immune system responses, which consequently leads to the risks of relapse and metastasis. Therefore, employing phototherapy in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immune therapy, and gene therapy, can introduce a synergistic effect that can be achieved through nanomaterials. The purpose of this study is to describe the combinatorial strategies that show promise in tackling the obstacles of phototherapy and to bring attention to the role of light in the treatment of cancer.

In the present study, AA7075/Al2O3 composites have been fabricated via liquid metallurgy process. AA7075 alloy and Al2O3 particles were taken as the base matrix and reinforcements, respectively. Then, contents of 3 and 6 wt. % of Al2O3 subdivisions were added into the AA7075 matrix. To improve wettability and distribution, reinforcement particles were pre-heated to a temperature of 550°Cfor each composite sample. A hardened EN32 steel disc as the counter face was used to evaluate the wear rate pin-on-disc. The results showed that the wear rate of the AA/Al2O3 composites was smaller than that of the monolithic AA7075 samples. Finally, the worn surfaces of samples were investigated by SEM.

Probiotics can functionally improve fish wellbeing and are suggested as antioxidative agents to protect fish from xenobiotics toxicity. Herein, dietary Lactobacillus casei(IBRC-M 10,711) was included in the diets of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to protect against malathion toxicity. Fish (12.47 ± 0.06 g) were randomly allocated to six groups (triplicates), as follows: T1) control; T2) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50; T3) L. caseiat 106CFU/g diet; T4) L. caseiat 107CFU/g diet; T5) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50+ L. caseiat 106CFU/g diet; T6) fish exposed to 50% of malathion 96 h LC50+ L. caseiat 107CFU/g diet. After 60 days, goldfish fed T4 had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the groups (P< 0.05). However, the T2 group showed lower FBW, WG, and SGR and higher FCR than fish in T1 (P< 0.05). Fish in the T4 group had the highest blood total proteins, albumin, and globulin, while fish in T2 had the lowest levels (P< 0.05). Fish in the group T2 had the highest triglycerides, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the blood, while fish fed T4 had the lowest values (P< 0.05). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the highest activities in T3 and T4 groups, and the lowest SOD was seen in the T2 group, whereas the lowest CAT was seen in the T2, T5, and T6 groups (P< 0.05). Fish in the T5 and T6 groups had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than fish in T1 and T2 groups but T3 and T4 groups showed the highest values (P< 0.05). T2 group had the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) level, while T3 and T4 groups had the lowest MDA level (P< 0.05). Blood immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P< 0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) was significantly higher in T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 groups than in the T1 group (P< 0.05). Skin mucus Ig was significantly higher in T3 and T4 groups and lower in the T2 group than in the control (P< 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity, protease, and ACH50in the skin mucus samples were in the T4 group, while the lowest values were in the T2 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary L. caseiprotects goldfish from malathion-induced growth retardation, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression.

The main problem of wind turbines is associated with induction generators in their power supply during short circuits in the grid. In this research, a new method is presented for the uninterrupted operation of a wind turbine equipped with an induction generator fed on both sides of feeding during network errors. Wind farms equipped with a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) require two abilities to allow system operators to increase proficiency. These capabilities include fault ride-through and synchronization of output force fluctuations, especially when these generators generate significant electrical power. A MATLAB® software environment has been used to evaluate and improve the performance of these turbines. A fuzzy complement (FC) controller is used to improve the performance of the DFIG. The results demonstrate that this controller limits the operation of the turbine current and voltage in the short-circuit mode well. Regarding results obtained from comparing two different modes, it can be said that ripple is 4% in the FC mode, while this parameter is equal to 10% for the proportional-integral controller.Grid-connected wind farms must have a short response time to transient errors and maintain good voltage stability. A MATLAB® software environment is used to evaluate and improve the performance of wind turbines equipped with a doubly-fed induction generator.Graphical Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the moderating properties of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) essential oil (LEO) against immunotoxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide, malathion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, fish were supplemented with LEO at dietary concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ml/kg diet LEO for 56 days. A non-LEO supplemented group was also considered as control. After 57 days feeding trial, biochemicals were assayed in the blood and kidney tissue and then fish exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of malathion [0.24 mg/l equal to 30% of LC50(0.8 mg/L)]. After 57 days feeding trial, the serum total immunoglobulin, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity and complement activity significantly elevated in fish treated with 1 and 2 ml LEO/kg diet compared to non-LEO supplemented individuals (P<0.01). Such changes were not observed in non-LEO supplemented fish (P>0.01). Significant elevations were observed in the expression of the immune genes (iNOS and C3genes) in fish treated with 0.2–2 mg LEO/kg diet compared to non-supplemented ones (P<0.01). The lysozyme and complement activity significantly decreased in fish fed 4 ml/kg diet (P<0.01). After exposure to malathion, all immune components significantly declined in control and those treated with 0.5, 1 and 4 ml LEO/kg diet (P<0.01). In contrast, the immunity components exhibited no significant changes in fish treated with 2 ml LEO/kg diet after exposure (P>0.01). The expression of iNOS and C3genes significantly reduced in control and fish fed 0.5, 1 and 4 ml LEO/kg diet in response to malathion (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of these genes showed no significant changes in fish fed with 2 ml LEO/kg diet after exposure (P>0.01). The findings of the present study suggested an immunoprotective role for dietary LEO at optimized dietary concentrations of 1 and 2 ml LEO/kg diet against oxidative stress and toxicity induced by malathion. Nevertheless, LEO at high dietary concentration (4 ml/kg diet) had reducing effects on the fish immunity.

In recent years, the increase in population and the decrease in agricultural lands and water shortages have caused many problems for agriculture and farmers. That is why scheduling is so important for farmers. Therefore, the implementation of an optimal schedule will lead to better use of agricultural land, reduce water consumption in agriculture, increase efficiency and quality of agricultural products. In this research, a scheduling problem for harvesting agricultural products has been investigated. In this problem, there are n number of agricultural lands that in each land m agricultural operations are performed by a number of machines that have different characteristics. This problem is modeled as a scheduling problem in a flexible workshop flow environment that aims to minimize the maximum completion time of agricultural land. The problem is solved by programming an integer linear number using Gams software. The results show that the proposed mathematical model is only capable of solving small and medium-sized problems, and due to the Hard-NP nature of the problem, large-scale software is not able to achieve the optimal solution.

The problem of unequal facility location involves determining the location of a set of production equipment whose dimensions are different, as well as the interrelationships between each of them. This paper presents an efficient method for optimizing the problem of unequal facility layouts. In this method, the genetic algorithm is improved and developed into an adaptive genetic algorithm. In this algorithm, the mutation operator is applied only when the similarity of chromosomes in each population reaches a certain level. This intelligence prevents jumps in situations where they are not needed and reduces computational time. In order to measure the performance of the proposed algorithm, its performance is compared with the performance of conventional genetic algorithms and refrigeration simulators. Computational results show that the adaptive genetic algorithm is able to achieve higher-quality solutions.

Recently, due to the increasing awareness of communities regarding environmental issues and environmental regulations, companies have evolved to provide products with lower prices and better quality to retain and attract customers. Economics should also pay attention to environmental goals. Therefore, it is essential to provide a supply chain model that can consider both economic and environmental objectives. In this paper, the green direct supply chain network is presented to an automotive company, including five suppliers, primary warehouses, manufacturing plants, distributors, and sales centers. The objectives of this model are to minimize the total cost of construction, transportation, and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions during forwarding network transportation at all levels. The proposed model is also drawn using the weight method, which is one of the methods for solving multi-objective problems, and the solution of the model part. Ultimately, it has been discussed how much the automobile company should focus on reducing carbon dioxide so that managers can determine the best solutions from the Pareto border according to their organization’s priorities, which can be environmental or financial.

In this study, magnetic spinel copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanostructures were eco-friendly synthesized using Nasturtium officinaleextract. Physicochemical properties of these nanostructures were determined by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry, and energy dispersive X-ray mapping analysis. XRD patterns conform to the CuFe2O4formation. SEM results demonstrated ceramic spinel CuFe2O4nanostructures with spherical surface morphologies. The cytotoxicity effect of CuFe2O4nanostructures against rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was evaluated based on MTT assay. The magnetic nanostructures had low toxicity at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. It appears that these nanostructures can be considered as suitable candidates for drug delivery and other biomedical applications, because of their low toxicity effects.

Telomerase is an enzyme that protects the length of telomeres by adding guanine-rich repetitive sequences. In tumors, gametes, and stem cells, telomerase activity is exerted. Telomerase activity can be a cancer biomarker for therapeutic and diagnosis approaches. So, a number of studies concentrating on the discovery of telomerase activity were reported. Bioanalytical devices, in comparison with other tests, have numerous advantages including low expense, simplicity, and excellent sensitivity and specificity. In this article we reviewed recent studies on the subject of various bioanalytical methods based on different nanomaterials. Optical, electrochemical, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are prominent analytical techniques that are mentioned in this paper.

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the pressure bonding of Cu54Zr46metallic glass (MG) was performed under the introduction of an oxygen layer at the interface with different thicknesses. The results indicated that the evolution of the oxide layer in the joint zone was consistent with the inverse logarithmic law, which meant that the oxide growth occurred through an ionic drift process. It was also found that the high concentration of oxygen at the interface led to the deterioration of Cu-centered clusters, while the low content of oxygen intensified the backbone of the matrix in the vicinity of base metal. Moreover, the MD outcomes demonstrated that the diffusivity of elements increased with the rise of system temperature, leading to the widening of the joint zone. It was also revealed that an optimized oxygen layer tuned the strain distribution in the joint zone and increased the bonding strength. On the other hand, the thicker oxide layer led to the brittleness of the joint zone, so that a catastrophic failure with a sharp necking event occurred under the tensile loading. In total, this work shed light on the importance of oxide layer and system temperature on the joining performance of MGs.

Due to their magnetic and electrical properties, ceramic ferrite nanoparticles are a suitable option for use in various industries, including pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, and environmental. A total of 40 Gram-positive actinomycetes strains (named Ak1–40) were isolated from the soil and used to synthesize ceramic ferrite nanoparticles. To determine the identity of the isolated actinomycetes, its colonies were characterized morphologically using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PCR amplification (FD1 and RP2 primers) of 16 S rDNA gene was done to the genetically identification of the bacterial strain. Bacterial Streptomyces fulvissimus(isolate Ak10) was able to restore the production of ceramic ferrite nanoparticles. The characteristics of ceramic ferrite nanoparticles were examined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). The size of synthesized ceramic ferrite nanoparticles was less than 50 nm. This study is the first report on synthesizing ceramic ferrite nanoparticles by actinomycete soil bacteria. Using bacteria in synthesizing nanoparticles as nano-factories is a promising tool for the biological production of ceramic ferrite nanoparticles.

The small non-coding RNA, microRNA-21 (miR-21), is dysregulated in various cancers and can be considered an appropriate target for therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the detection of miR-21 concentration is important in the diagnosis of diseases. Low specificity and the cost of materials are two necessary limitations in the traditional diagnosis method such as RT-PCR, northern blotting and microarray analysis. Biosensor technology can play an effective role in improving the quality of human life due to its capacity of rapid diagnosis, monitoring different markers, suitable sensitivity, and specificity. Moreover, bioanalytical systems have an essential role in the detection of biomolecules or miRNAs due to their critical features, including easy usage, portability, low cost and real-time analysis. Electrochemical biosensors based on novel nanomaterials and oligonucleotides can hybridize with miR-21 in different ranges. Moreover, optical biosensors and piezoelectric devices have been developed for miR-21 detection. In this study, we have evaluated different materials used in bioanalytical systems for miR-21 detection as well as various nanomaterials that offer improved electrodes for its detection.

Cancer is a major threat to human health, and it is still the leading cause of death from disease. Due to how quickly nanomedicine is developing, it is thought that nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOF) could be used in the treatment and biomedical imaging of many types of cancer. More and more researchers are interested in zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)−8 because it has a high porosity, a large specific surface area, and reacts to changes in pH. Understanding the properties of nanomaterials and how tumour works requires a complex and thorough look at how ZIF-8 nanoparticles (NPs) are made, how they can be changed, and how drugs are loaded into them. We mostly looked at the research that came out in the last three years, summed up how their use in imaging and treating tumour has changed, and talked about the pros and cons of using ZIF-8 NPs for cancer theranostic now and in the future. As a MOF material with a lot of potentials, ZIF-8 is likely to be used in more therapeutic systems in the future and to continue to help with all parts of tumour therapy and diagnosis.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the antioxidant activities of flavanols in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to obtain the relevant papers. Nine studies with 343 rat models of ALI were included in this study. We investigated oxidative stress with the corresponding 95% CI. Estimating the correlation and 95% CIs for the inflammatory agents and oxidative stress in the intervention group, compared with that in the control group (ALI), respectively (correlation: 0.635; 95% CI, 0.560–0.699, Pvalue = 0.000, Zvalue= 12.648) and (correlation: 0.317; 95% CI, 0.189–0.434, Pvalue = 0.00, Zvalue= 4.7). In conclusion, investigating the effects of different flavanols on oxidative stress in lung injury may provide a useful therapeutic strategy in ALI mouse models. However, the final conclusion on treatment efficacy should be sufficient for prospective controlled randomized trials.

Background: The role of screen time in promoting obesity among children has been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of different screen types and the dose–response association between screen time and obesity among children is not summarized yet. In the current meta-analysis we systematically summarized the association between obesity and screen time of different screen types in a dose–response analysis. Methods: A systematic search from Scopus, PubMed and Embase electronic databases was performed. Studies that evaluated the association between screen time and obesity up to September 2021 were retrieved. We included 45 individual studies that were drawn from nine qualified studies into meta-analysis. Results: The results of the two-class meta-analysis showed that those at the highest category of screen time were 1.2 times more likely to develop obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; confidence interval (CI) = 1.113, 1.317; I2= 60.4%; P&lt; 0.001). The results of subgrouping identified that setting, obesity status and age group were possible heterogeneity sources. No evidence of non-linear association between increased screen time and obesity risk among children was observed (P-nonlinearity = 0.310). Conclusion: In the current systematic review and meta-analysis we revealed a positive association between screen time and obesity among children without any evidence of non-linear association. Due to the cross-sectional design of included studies, we suggest further studies with longitudinal or interventional design to better elucidate the observed associations.

•Recent advances in MOF-based sensors for food contaminants and drug ingredients are reviewed.•Advances in synthesis and Characterization methods metal organic frameworks.•Challenges and opportunities using MOF based electrodes for electrochemical sensors were reviewed.•Important role of the MOFs in the sensitive and selective detection of bio-molecules.

In the present study, dietary resveratrol (RE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus(LAB) were individually or combined added to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to protect against crowding stress. Fish (30.16 ± 0.7; Mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to seven groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LAB with a concentration of 1.5 × 107CFU/g, T3: LAB with a concentration of 3 × 107CFU/g, T4: 300mg resveratrol/kg, T5: 600mg resveratrol/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 107CFU/g + 300mg resveratrol/kg and T7: 3 × 107CFU/g + 600mg resveratrol/kg. After 60 days feeding, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The activities of amylase, protease and lipase were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 107CFU/g + 300mg resveratrol/kg and 1.5 × 107CFU/g diets compared to the control (P<0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2and T6groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when were compared with the control before crowding stress (P<0.05). After crowding stress challenge, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P<0.05). Also, recovered fish in the control group demonstrated significantly declined levels of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and higher levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH as compared to other group (P<0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RE and LAB effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as protected common carp against crowding stress.

The discovery of genome editing technology based on the bacterially derived CRISPR system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has led to tremendous progress in biotechnology and gene therapy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has many advantages over other genome editing technologies, including multiplexing, high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity. However, the safe and effective delivery of the genome editing system's components into the target cells, is one of the major challenges in genome editing. This has a direct effect on the success and therapeutic applications of this system. A variety of different delivery methods including physical delivery methods, viral and non-viral vectors are used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system components. However, employing physical delivery techniques and viral vectors has limitations, including cellular damage, immune system response induction, low specificity, need for expertise and expensive equipment, etc. Recently, the development and use of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has attracted significant attention. The application of nanoparticles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components has been highlighted by benefits including simple synthesis, cost - effectiveness, size tunability, high loading capacity, high efficiency, non-mutagenicity, non-immunogenicity, etc. Here, we will review developments in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system components employing lipid-based nanoparticles and highlight forthcoming challenges.

Correction for ‘Recent advances on the electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies for monitoring microRNA-21: a review’ by Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 4449–4459, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY01384C.