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In this paper, novel Ni2P/WO3-ZrO2bifunctional catalysts are prepared by an isovolume impregnation method. A series of characterizations (e.g., Py-IR, TEM, and XPS) demonstrated that the introduction of WO3resulted in the acidity of the carrier and the formation of a well-dispersed Ni2P crystalline phase. The hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization properties were evaluated by single-factor experiments using stearic acid as a model compound. Under the same conditions (solvent-free and relatively mild), the product obtained with a low amount of catalyst (stearic acid:catalyst = 40:1 wt.%) has a high deoxygenation rate (> 96%). The addition of an acidic carrier also gave the catalyst excellent hydroisomerization properties, which were excellent for increasing the low-temperature fluidity of the biodiesel. In addition, the effects of catalyst dosage, H2pressure, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the hydroisomerization of stearic acid were investigated using the response surface method. In the response surface experiments, the deoxygenation rate of all experimental products is above 98%. The increase in catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and decrease in H2pressure favored the increase in isoparaffin content, and the reaction time had the least effect. The isoparaffin content varied significantly in response surface experiments, with molar ratios in the product ranging from 3 to 30%. There are interactions between the independent variables and a high coefficient of determination of the regression model (R2= 0.9729), indicating that the experimental results were in good agreement with the model predictions.

When examining the dissemination of Thomas More’s Utopiain China, it is imperative to recognize the pivotal role played by a specific translator, Dai Liuling, who facilitated an unprecedented proliferation and readership of the work in the Chinese context. Dai’s translation of Utopiaexists three distinct versions: 1956, 1982, and 1997. The 1956 version represents Dai’s initial translation, which was followed by a retranslation in 1982. Due to the popularity of the 1982 version in mainland China, it was subsequently re-editioned in Taiwan in 1997, with modifications to the paratextual section. Through a meticulous analysis of these three versions, with a specific focus on the evolution of paratexts and textual translation, we can observe how Dai’s translations of Utopiawere intricately influenced by the political-ideological contexts. Simultaneously, an examination of Dai’s translations can elucidate the trajectory of Utopia’s dissemination in China.

AimsTo assess the global burden and economic inequalities in the distribution of blindness and vision loss between 1990 and 2019.MethodsA secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Data for disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to blindness and vision loss were extracted from the GBD 2019. Data for gross domestic product per capita were extracted from the World Bank database. Slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index were computed to assess absolute and relative cross-national health inequality, respectively.ResultsCountries with high, high-middle, middle, low-middle and low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) had decline of age-standardised DALY rate of 4.3%, 5.2%, 16.0%, 21.4% and 11.30% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. The poorest 50% of world citizens bore 59.0% and 66.2% of the burden of blindness and vision loss in 1990 and 2019, respectively. The absolute cross-national inequality (SII) fell from −303.5 (95% CI −370.8 to −236.2) in 1990 to −256.0 (95% CI −288.1 to −223.8) in 2019. The relative inequality (concentration index) for global blindness and vision loss remained essentially constant between 1991 (−0.197, 95% CI −0.234 to −0.160) and 2019 (−0.193, 95% CI −0.216 to −0.169).ConclusionThough countries with middle and low-middle SDI were the most successful in decreasing burden of blindness and vision loss, a high level of cross-national health inequality persisted over the past three decades. More attention must be paid to the elimination of avoidable blindness and vision loss in low-income and middle-income countries.

Visual servoing technology has widely been employed in manufacturing because it is a flexible, realizability, and low-cost way to improve the intelligence of the industry robot. Nevertheless, a worrisome and overlooked issue is that the loss of visual features in the camera's field of view may lead to the failures of the visual servoing tasks. This article addresses the visual features escaping problem, by implementing an asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function with a field-of-view constraint controller. The asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function defines a tightly specified range for the feature coordinate errors and ensures the transient response of the tracking error as well as enables arbitrary tracking accuracy. It is worth noting that the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function directly handles the visual-robot-coupled dynamics while guaranteeing system stabilities. Besides, to accommodate the uncertain dynamics derived from a high-dimensional coupled system, an adaptive controller is proposed utilizing fuzzy neural networks with computational efficiency and few training parameters to enhance the control performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy has been demonstrated through both theoretical analysis and experimental verification.

Background: To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of published meta-analyses (MAs) in four major gastrointestinal endoscopic journals, and identify the predicted factors for high quality. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed to identify MAs from 1, January, 2016 to 31, December, 2020 in four major gastrointestinal endoscopic journals (including Digestive Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Surgical Endoscopy,and Endoscopy). We collected the characteristics of MAs after filtering unqualified articles, and assessed methodological and reporting qualities for eligible articles by AMSTAR tool and PRISMA checklist, respectively. Logistic regression was used for identifying predictive factors for high quality. Results: A total of 289 MAs were identified after screening by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The scores (mean ± SD) of AMSTAR and PRISMA were 7.73 ± 1.11 and 22.90 ± 1.85, respectively. In PRISMA checklist, some items had less than 50% complete adherence, including item 2 (structured summary), items 5 (protocol and registration), items 12 and 19 (risk of bias in studies), item 27 (funding support). Item 1 (a priori design), item 4 (gray literature research), item 5 (list of included and excluded) were inferior to 50% adherence in AMSTAR tool. We found the predictive factors for high quality through logistic regression analysis: a priori design and funding support were associated with methodological quality. Protocol and registration influenced the methodological and reporting quality closely. Conclusion: In general, qualities on the methodology and the reporting of MAs published in the gastrointestinal endoscopic journals are good, but both of which still potentially need further improvement.

Human–robot collaboration has attracted significant attention in the industry due to the flexibility of humans and the accuracy of robots. Humanoid control of anthropomorphic robotic arms combined with visual servoing will enhance the intelligence of industrial robots. However, the robotic manipulator will introduce psychological discomfort to nearby humans, and the loss of visual features will induce visual servoing task failure. Aiming at these problems, this article proposes a humanoid control method based on visual servoing by utilizing the swivel angle derived from the human arm to realize the human-like behavior of anthropomorphic robot manipulators. To advance the visual servoing control performance, a function constraint is designed with the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to ensure that image features stay within the field of view (FoV). The sliding mode control (SMC) is combined with image-based visual servoing (IBVS) to dispose of the uncertainties of a seven-degree-of-freedom (7-DoF) redundant robot manipulator. The proposed algorithm is substantiated through comparison experiments based on the Sawyer robot and constructed visual servoing physical platform.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the major AF treatment. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is related to AF diagnosis. This study explored the clinical roles of PVT1 in AF. Totally, 168 AF patients and 100 healthy controls were selected. Plasma lncRNA PVT1 in AF patients before/after RFA was detected and the diagnostic efficacy and postoperative recurrence prediction value in AF were analyzed. Effects of plasma PVT1 expression on AF recurrence and its correlation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in the recurrence and non‐recurrence groups were analyzed by Pearson coefficient. The risk factors of AF recurrence were evaluated. Plasma PVT1 was highly expressed in AF patients and diminished after RFA. PVT1 level >1.255 assisted AF diagnosis. The plasma PVT1 level in the recurrence group was higher than that of the non‐recurrence group. PVT1 level >1.525 assisted the prediction for postoperative recurrence. AF postoperative recurrence incidence in high PVT1 expression group was clearly higher than that in low PVT1 expression group, and plasma PVT1 expression in patients of the recurrence and non‐recurrence groups was positively correlated with TGF‐β1 content. High PVT1 expression was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence. Briefly, high PVT1 level assisted AF diagnosis and recurrence evaluation after RFA and was an independent risk factor for AF postoperative recurrence.

Background: Zenker’s peroral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM) has revolutionized the therapeutic strategy for Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) with promising results. We conducted this meta-analysis to estimate the safety and efficacy of Z-POEM for ZD and compare the feasibility and effectiveness of Z-POEM with that of flexible endoscopic septotomy (FES). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to query for studies that assessed the safety and efficacy of Z-POEM for ZD. All articles published from inception to July 31, 2021 were included. The primary outcomes were the overall technical success rate, clinical success rate, incidence of adverse events, and clinical recurrence rate. Results: Eleven studies involving 357 patients undergone Z-POEM were included. Overall, the quality of included studies was above average, with five studies rated as high quality and six ranked as moderate quality. The overall pooled technical success rate for Z-POEM was 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 93.6–97.9%; I2= 0%). The total pooled clinical success rate for Z-POEM was 93.0% (95% CI 89.4–95.4%; I2= 0%). The pooled incidence of adverse events for Z-POEM was 12.4% (95% CI 9.1–16.7%; I2= 0%). The pooled clinical recurrence rate for Z-POEM was 11.2% (95% CI 7.6–16.2%; I2= 0%). The clinical success for Z-POEM was significantly better than that of FES (relative risk [RR]: 1.11; CI 95% 1.03–1.18; p= 0.004, I2= 0%), while there were no significant differences in technical success, adverse events, and clinical recurrence between Z-POEM and FES. Conclusion: Z-POEM could be an effective and safe therapeutic modality for ZD, and even has a slightly higher clinical success rate than FES. However, comparative studies with long-term follow-up will be needed to further confirm our finding.

The valorization of the underutilized agricultural residues through microwave catalytic pyrolysis (MCP) has attracted much attention in recent years. This article focuses on the MCP technology of agricultural residues, the optimization of MCP conditions of coconut clothing by response surface method, and the application of pyrolysis products, so as to make the process more compatible, acceptable, and sustainable, as well as the future development direction to gain more economic benefits even in small-scale applications. According to the box Behnken experimental design, the MCP conditions of coconut cloths were analyzed and optimized by response surface method, and the optimal pyrolysis process conditions were as follows: nitrogen flow rate 89.79 ml/min, pyrolysis temperature 557.42 °C, pyrolysis time 19.91 min, and heating rate 18.75 °C/min. The results show that under the conditions predicted by the model theory, the relative content of hydrocarbons (aromatics) in the product of coconut microwave pyrolysis catalyzed by H-Beta catalyst with unique pore structure and an appropriate amount of acid sites is as high as 44.71%, while the relative content of hydrocarbons in non-catalytic pyrolysis is 0%. The increase of hydrocarbon content improves the quality of bio-oil, which has great significance for upgrading liquid products to biofuels and becoming important basic chemical raw materials.

Gliosarcoma (GSM) is a rare central nervous system tumor. Clinical management of it is similar to glioblastoma (GBM). However, due to a few comparative studies exist, uncertainty and disagreements remain in the literatures. To assess the available evidence on the value of different treatments and to carry out an up-to-date evaluation to summarize the evidence for the optimal treatment in GSM patients. Free words were used to search for the relevant studies without language limitations in electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 15, 2019. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. The main endpoint was all-cause mortality. Overall, 10 studies published between 2008 and 2018 including 803 patients were selected for the meta-analysis. Temozolomide (TMZ)-dominated chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of overall survival (OS), with HR 0.49 (95% CI 0.37–0.66). The pooled HR of OS was 0.40 (95% CI 0.29–0.56) between radiotherapy and without radiotherapy. The pooled HR (0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.85) indicated gross total resection (GTR) had a positive impact on OS in GSM. In patients with GSM, survival benefits as currently performed are associated with TMZ-dominated chemotherapy and high-dose radiotherapy. Our systematic review and meta-analysis also demonstrate GTR is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with primary GSM.

A number of studies have been conducted to explore the survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients, while studies about non-cancer causes of death in patients with GC are not well-conducted. The aim of this study was to deeply investigate the causes of death (COD) in GC patients, especially non-cancer ones. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to extract information including demographics, tumor characteristics and causes of death of GC patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The patients were stratified by demographic and clinical parameters. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for all causes of death at different follow-up periods. A total of 116,437 patients with GC diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 were retrieved from the SEER database. Of these, 85,827 deaths occurred during the follow-up period, most of which occurred within 1 year after GC diagnosis. GC (n = 49,746; 58%) was the leading COD, followed by other cancer (n = 21,135; 25%) and non-cancer causes (n = 14,946; 17%). Diseases of heart were the most common non-cancer cause of death, accounting for 30%, followed by cerebrovascular diseases (n = 917; 6%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 900; 6%). Although gastric cancer remains the most common cause of death in gastric cancer patients, it should not be ignored that the risk of non-cancer causes tends to increase with the length of the latency period. These findings may provide important insights into the healthcare management of gastric cancer patients at various follow-up intervals.

The improvement of digestive cancer survival results in increased morbidity of noncancerous comorbidities. This study aimed at clarifying causes of death (COD) and predicting overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. We used the Surveillance, Epidemic, and End Results database to extract information. Nomograms of multivariate Cox regression was used to predict OS of cancer patients. The models were evaluated using the concordance indexes (C-indexes), the receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves. Respectively 58,895, 15,324, 30,708, and 109,995 cases with cancer of liver, gallbladder, bile duct or pancreas were retrieved between 2000 and 2020. Approximately 80% deaths occurred within 1 years after cancer diagnosis. Sequence in noncancerous COD proportion was diverse, while diseases of heart always accounted for a great part. Risks of death from most noncancerous COD were significantly higher than that of the cancer-free population. Nomograms were developed by predictors of interest such as age, therapy and TNM stage. The concordance indexes of nomograms were 0.756, 0.729, 0.763, and 0.760 respectively, well-calibrating to the reality. The 0.5-, 1-, and 2-year areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were about 0.800, indicating good reliability and accuracy. Noncancerous COD accounted for larger part in gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Noncancerous COD showed an upward trend as follow-up time extended and the majorities were diseases of heart, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The novel OS-nomograms can provide personalized prognosis information with satisfactory accuracy.

Background: Ferroptosis is related to the immunosuppression of tumors and plays a critical role in cancer progression. Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) is a vital gene that regulates ferroptosis. However, the mechanism of action of FANCD2 in Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance and mechanism of action of FANCD2 in Hepatitis B-related HCC. Methods: The expression of FANCD2 in Hepatitis B-related HCC was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyze the relationship between FANCD2 expression and the overall survival of patients with Hepatitis B-related HCC. Protein–protein interaction networks for FANCD2 were built using the STRING website. In addition, correlations between FANCD2 expression and the dryness index, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability (MSI), immune pathways, genes involved in iron metabolism, and sorafenib chemotherapeutic response were analyzed. Results: Our results indicated that FANCD2 was significantly overexpressed in Hepatitis B-related HCC and demonstrated a strong predictive ability for diagnosis (Area Under Curve, 0.903) and prognosis of the disease. High FANCD2 expression was associated with poor prognosis, high-grade tumors, high expression of PDL-1, high MSI scores, and low sorafenib IC50 in Hepatitis B-related HCC. BRCA1, BRCA2, FAN1, and FANCC were vital proteins interacting with FANCD2. The expression level of FANCD2 significantly correlated with the infiltration levels of Treg cells, B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, and NK cells in Hepatitis B-related HCC. FANCD2 was positively correlated with the tumor proliferation signature pathway, DNA repair, and cellular response to hypoxia. Conclusion: Our study indicated that FANCD2 was a potential novel biomarker and immunotherapeutic target against Hepatitis B-related HCC, which might be related to the chemotherapeutic response to sorafenib.

Early identification and intervention of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are particularly important. This study aimed to construct predictive models for ARDS following severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by artificial neural networks and logistic regression. The artificial neural networks model was constructed using clinical data from 214 SAP patients. The patient cohort was randomly divided into a training set and a test set, with 149 patients allocated to the training set and 65 patients assigned to the test set. The artificial neural networks and logistic regression models were trained by the training set, and then the performance of both models was evaluated using the test set. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, and AUC value of artificial neural networks model were 68.0%, 87.5%, 77.3%, 81.4%, 80.0%, 0.853 ± 0.054 (95% CI: 0.749–0.958). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and AUC value of logistic regression model were 48.7%, 85.3%, 65.5%, 74.4%, 72.0%, 0.799 ± 0.045 (95% CI: 0.710–0.888). There were no significant differences between the artificial neural networks and logistic regression models in predictive performance. Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score, procalcitonin, prothrombin time, and serum calcium were the most important predictive variables in the artificial neural networks model. The discrimination abilities of logistic regression and artificial neural networks models in predicting SAP-related ARDS were similar. It is advisable to choose the model according to the specific research purpose.

This paper is concerned with stability of neutral Volterra integro-differential equations with infinite delay by constructing explicit Lyapunov functional. The stability, uniform stability and instability of the zero solution have been obtained for Volterra integro-differential equations. Some sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the stability of the zero solution.

In this paper, we propose a bioeconomic predator–prey model with Michaelis–Menten type prey harvesting and general functional response which is described by a differential–algebraic system. Using the local parameterization, we derive an equivalent parametric system and investigate its dynamics in terms of local stability and Hopf bifurcation. The economic profit is chosen as a bifurcation parameter to prove the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation phenomenon in the neighborhood of the interior equilibrium. Moreover, we calculate the first Lyapunov coefficient to study the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions based on the normal form theory. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results.

In view of the pollution of heavy metals in tailings of mining area, considering some metal recycling, in this paper, the method which was environmental friendly, mild reaction, short process, low energy consumption was applied to leaching As and Cd in tailings. Before leaching, Static Magnetic Field was used to deal with leach liquor, to research the effect of leaching rate for As and Cd. The results showed that under the conditions of pulp density 5%, inoculum 10%, leaching temperature 30°C, pH 2.0, magnetic induction intensity separately were 2mT , 5mT , 8mT and 11mT, the leaching rates of As and Cd were increased respectively about 8% and 2%. Besides, magnetic induction intensity also effected. The best magnetic induction intensity in bioleaching of As and Cd were respectively 2mT and 8mT.

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of compost application amount on the distribution of copper in heavy metal contaminated soil. The results showed that the total Cu content reduced 11.54%, 11.60%, 22.02%, 25.27%, 7.08% and 3.65% after the amendment of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g/kg compost to soil with Brassica juncea, respectively. The amount of water-soluble fraction had no correlation with the compost application amount. However, compost amendment decreased the proportion of Cu in the exchangeable and residual fractions, and increased the percentage of Cu in the carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound and organic-bound Cu. Furthermore, though the mobility factor of Cu decreased slightly only from 16.64% to 16.27-16.52% due to the addition of compost, the addition of compost to soil can immobilize the heavy metal through bound to organic matter and therefore, lowered their mobility and their phytotoxicity.

Highlights: [•] The effects of the hunting delay on the dynamics of the predator–prey model are investigated. [•] The procedure for the computation of normal forms of type-II Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is addressed. [•] The dynamical classification near the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation point is determined. [•] The delay-induced homoclinic orbit, heteroclinic orbit and subcritical Hopf bifurcation are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional model of the parts of the extrusion extruder for leisure food is created as an illustrator, which could be adopted up to form an assemble facility to the whole set of the machine conveniently by a software of SolidWorks in the paper.Some key specific modeling procedures are proved to show the advantages of Solidworks overweigh AutoCAD in three-dimensional modeling technology. The method put an adaptable way to short the whole lifetime of industrial product design.

Oxidative stress and inflammation processes are key components of atherosclerosis, from fatty streak formation to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Evidence has revealed that calcium-channel blockers (CCB) could retard atherogenesis, but the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential effects and molecular mechanisms of the CCB felodipine on the process of atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-diet (HCD) apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE KO) mice. Adult male ApoE KO mice were given a normal diet (ND) or HCD and were randomized to no treatment or felodipine (5 mg / kg per day for 12 weeks). The ApoE KO mice with HCD were associated with a marked increase in plasma lipid levels, atherosclerotic lesion area, and the expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phoxand Rac-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in nucleus, phosphor-inhibitors of κB (p-IκB), tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). These changes were suppressed in mice that were treated with felodipine (5 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks) concomitant with HCD administration, with no significant change in systolic blood pressure and plasma lipid levels. The results suggest that felodipine can attenuate atherosclerosis, and this effect is partly related to inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory signal-transduction pathways, which lead to decreases in the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

In addition to the traditional transmission route via the biting-and-defecating process, non-human host predation of triatomines is recognized as another significant avenue for Chagas disease transmission. In this paper, we develop an eco-epidemiological model to investigate the impact of predation on the disease's spread. Two critical thresholds, R v p (the basic reproduction number of triatomines) and R 0 p (the basic reproduction number of the Chagas parasite), are derived to delineate the model's dynamics. Through the construction of appropriate Lyapunov functions and the application of the Bendixson–Dulac theorem, the global asymptotic stabilities of the equilibria are fully established. The vector-free equilibrium E 0 is globally stable when R v p < 1. E 1 , the disease-free equilibrium, is globally stable when R v p > 1 and R 0 p < 1 , while the endemic equilibrium E ∗ is globally stable when both R v p > 1 and R 0 p > 1. Numerical simulations highlight that the degree of host predation on triatomines, influenced by non-human hosts activities, can variably increase or decrease the Chagas disease transmission risk. Specifically, low or high levels of host predation can reduce R 0 p to below unity, while intermediate levels may increase the infected host populations, albeit with a reduction in R 0 p. These findings highlight the role played by non-human hosts and offer crucial insights for the prevention and control of Chagas disease. • A novel model integrating systemic and non-human predation transmission is developed. • Two thresholds of R v p and R 0 p are derived to delineate the model dynamics. • The global stabilities of the equilibria for the high-dimensional model are shown. • The work offers the crucial insight for the prevention and control of Chagas disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Improving the existing HIV-1 infection models with cell mediated immunity. [•] Showing the necessity to include virus in the study of immunity models. [•] Rigorously proving the existence of oscillation due to Hopf bifurcation. [•] Numerical simulations supporting the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]