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Graphical abstract: The polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate is coated with a fluorine-containing coating with a network structure, which greatly improves the transmittance and surface hardness of the substrate.

Silica nanotubes have significant applications in various fields, including thermal insulation, self-cleaning, and catalysis. Currently, the synthesis methods of silica nanotubes are mostly limited to the template method. In this work, a template-free strategy and vapor-phase approach were used to prepare silica nanotubes. Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) was hydrolyzed and condensed in a high-temperature closed reactor by using ammonia as a catalyst. The resulting product was then subjected to template-free self-assembly to synthesize silica nanotubes incorporating methyl groups. The silica nanotubes were synthesized under varying conditions, resulting in lengths ranging from 50 nm to several micrometers, exterior diameters between 40 and 120 nm, and wall thicknesses varying from 7 to 30 nm. The synthesized products underwent morphology analysis using TEM and FESEM for morphology analysis, elemental composition analysis using XPS, and chemical structure identification using FTIR, and the possible formation mechanism of silica nanotubes formation was also speculated. Furthermore, the coatings formed by silica nanotubes exhibited remarkable superhydrophobic self-cleaning properties with a water contact angle of 162° and a rolling angle of less than 1°.

Objective:In this study, our aim was to examine the effects of levosimendan on diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients with sepsis, as well as assess its impact on respiratory muscle contractility and the outcome of weaning. Methods:This was a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Patients with diaphragmatic dysfunction and failure of spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) were randomly and equally assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received levosimendan at a loading dose of 6 μg/kg for 10 min, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.2 μg/kg/min. The control group received an equivalent dose of a placebo. The preadministration and postadministration respiratory mechanics parameters of the patients were recorded. Evaluation of the effect of levosimendan on patients with sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction comprised arterial blood gas analysis as well as ultrasound measurements of diaphragm excursion (DE), diaphragm thickness (DT), diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi), and diaphragm-rapid shallow breathing index (D-RSBI). Results:Forty-four patients were enrolled in the study. We found that postadministration of levosimendan, the patients’ tidal volume (GCSMV) increased, whereas the D-RSBI decreased, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PACO2) decreased when compared to the preadministration levels. Additionally, following levosimendan administration, patients showed increased DE and pressure support (PS) when compared to before administration (1.14 ± 0.177 vs. 1.22 ± 0.170 cm and 0.248 ± 0.03 vs. 0.284 ± 0.06, respectively) and decreased D-RSBI (22.76 ± 6.14 vs. 20.06 ± 6.04, respectively), all of which were statistically significant (P< 0.05). In contrast, in the control group of patients, there were no statistically significant differences in the postadministration levels of DE, TFdi, and D-RSBI as compared to the preadministration period (P> 0.05). Furthermore, in terms of weaning outcomes, we did not find any statistically significant difference in the number of patients in the two groups who eventually underwent weaning (P= 0.545). Conclusion:In this study, we found that levosimendan enhanced diaphragm contractile function. However, further investigations are required to explore its effect on weaning outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Accurate intraoperative tumor delineation is critical to achieving successful surgical outcomes. However, conventional techniques typically suffer from poor specificity and low sensitivity and are time-consuming, which greatly affects intraoperative decision-making. Here, we report a cascade activatable near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe IR780SS@CaP that can sequentially respond to tumor acidity and elevated glutathione levels for accurate intraoperative tumor localization. Compared with nonactivatable and single-factor activatable probes, IR780SS@CaP with a cascade strategy can minimize nonspecific activation and false positive signals in a complicated biological environment, affording a superior tumor-to-normal tissue ratio to facilitate the delineation of abdominal metastases. Small metastatic lesions that were less than 1 mm in diameter can be precisely identified by IR780SS@CaP and completely excised under NIRF imaging guidance. This study could benefit tumor diagnosis and image-guided tumor surgery by providing real-time information and reliable decision support, thus reducing the risk of both recurrence and complications to improve patient outcomes.

Monocular 3-D object detection is a challenging and important task in autonomous driving. In 3-D object detection, depth information are crucial for determining the position, size, and posture of objects. However, in the 2-D images obtained by monocular cameras, depth information are compressed into a plane, which blurs the relative position and size relationships between objects. In addition, the pose changes of objects in 3-D space (such as rotation and tilt) can cause changes in their projected shape, size, and position in 2-D images, which increases the difficulty of detecting 3-D objects from monocular 2-D images. In this article, we propose a depth-vision-decoupled transformer for monocular multiclass 3-D object detection. The proposed scheme is constructed with the following novel components: 1) a cascaded group-multiscale convolutional attention (CG-MSCA) with multiscale-perception and direction-perception capabilities to focus on the local characteristics of the complex scene; 2) a decoupled-feature-aware transformer (DFTR) module, which globally decouples depth and visual features, encodes and decodes them separately to avoid the monocularly estimated inaccurate depth interfering with the model’s learning of visual information and alleviate the mismatch between stereo information and geometric shape of the object; and 3) a cross-attention-guided fusion module (CAFM) to rationalize the fusion of decoupled depth and visual features before prediction. Experiments on the KITTI, DAIR-V2X-V, and DAIR-V2X-I datasets show that our proposed method produces competitive performance compared with Transformer-based methods and other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. For the Car Category, our method achieves 17.04% average precision of 3-D ( $\text {AP}_{\text {3D}}$ ) for the moderate setting (the most important setting) of the KITTI dataset with an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.7.

Depression is one of the common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the clinic, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) has been used to treat depression. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-depressive effect of BoNT/A in a PD mouse model. Mice were administered reserpine (3 μg/mL in the drinking water) for 10 weeks. From the 10thweek, BoNT/A (10 U·kg−1·d−1) was injected into the cheek for 3 consecutive days. We showed that chronic administration of reserpine produced the behavioral phenotypes of depression and neurochemical changes in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum. BoNT/A treatment significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors, but did not improve TH activity in SNpc of reserpine-treated mice. We demonstrated that BoNT/A treatment reversed reserpine-induced complement and microglia activation in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, BoNT/A treatment significantly attenuated the microglial engulfment of presynaptic synapses, thus ameliorating the apparent synapse and spine loss in the hippocampus in the reserpine-treated mice. Moreover, BoNT/A treatment suppressed microglia-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in reserpine-treated mice. In addition, we showed that BoNT/A (0.1 U/mL) ameliorated reserpine-induced complement and microglia activation in mouse BV2 microglial cells in vitro. We conclude that BoNT/A ameliorates depressive-like behavior in a reserpine-induced PD mouse model through reversing the synapse loss mediated by classical complement induced-microglial engulfment as well as alleviating microglia-mediated proinflammatory responses.

Based on thin film optical theory (TFO), we build 1D and 2D simulation model of micro OLED. TFO 1D model is used to simulate the spectrum of micro OLED with flat structure, and TFO 2D model is used to simulate the spectrum of micro OLED with real 3D structure. The matching degree between simulation and mesurement are both larger than 80% in all viewing angles, the optical characteristics of micro OLED can be simulated more accurately. Moreover, it is the first time to build the TFO 2D model in micro OLED industry.

In this paper, we reported a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device prepared and optimized by piezoelectric films containing AlN, AlScN (Sc-20 at%) and AlScN (Sc-30 at%) by reactive magnetron sputtering using Al and AlSc alloy targets. We calculated the material intrinsic electromechanical coupling coefficient kt2of AlScN (Sc-20 at%) and AlScN (Sc-30 at%) which are much better than AlN. It can be explained by the lattice softening. Furtherly, the results were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of the microstructure. Then the SAW devices based on three thin films were tested by vector network analysis obtaining the device equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient keff2. The value of AlScN (Sc-20 at%) keff2, which equals to 1.94%, is higher than that of AlN and AlScN (Sc-30 at%) while the value of AlScN (Sc-30 at%) kt2is higher than that of others. It is shown in our study that the crystallinity and orientation of the material still have a greater impact on keff2but it does not have influence on kt2in the actual device preparation process.

OBJECTIVE We aim to explore whether a link exists between different levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and poor outcomes of acute stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. [...]

• The BMGC shows a 48% improvement of wear resistance at 113 K compared to 233 K. • The martensitic transformation was abnormally suppressed after sliding at 113 K. • A strain-dominated transformation is confirmed by inducing a pre-notch by FIB. • The confining effect of metallic glass influences the wear/transformation behaviors. Bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) are proven to be excellent candidates for cryogenic engineering applications due to their remarkable combination of strength, ductility and toughness. However, few efforts have been done to estimate their wear behaviors that are closely correlated to their practical service. Here, we report an improvement of ∼ 48% in wear resistance for a Ti-based BMGC at the cryogenic temperature of 113 K as compared to the case at 233 K. A pronounced martensitic transformation (β -Ti→ α ″-Ti) was found to coordinate deformation underneath the worn surface at 233 K but was significantly suppressed at 113 K. This temperature-dependent structural evolution is clarified by artificially inducing a pre-notch by FIB cutting on a β -Ti crystal, demonstrating a strain-dominated martensitic transformation in the BMGC. The improved wear resistance and suppressed martensitic transformation in BMGC at 113 K is associated with the increased strength and strong confinement of metallic glass on metastable crystalline phase at the cryogenic temperature. The current work clarifies the superior cryogenic wear resistance of metastable BMGCs, making them excellent candidates for safety-critical wear applications at cryogenic temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy issue of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has received unprecedented attention recently. UAV-to-UAV multicast technology reduces transmit power through neighbor transmission, which is critical for saving energy and reducing information redundancy. This article investigates an energy efficiency optimization problem of the base station-UAVs system with the heterogeneous requirements of UAVs. The optimization problem is modelled as a weighted directed hypergraph matching game based on group preference, which is proven to achieve stable results. To address the topological change problem of UAV networks, a fast convergence algorithm is proposed in this article, which exhibits high stability when small fluctuations appear in the UAV topology. The proposed algorithm integrates the potential matching algorithm and local search, by which no-quota deferred acceptance can be realized. Compared with existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm improves throughput per energy consumption by more than 20%.

Sevoflurane exposure during rapid brain development induces neuronal apoptosis and causes memory and cognitive deficits in neonatal mice. Exosomes that transfer genetic materials including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between cells play a critical role in intercellular communication. However, the lncRNAs found in exosomes derived from neurons treated with sevoflurane and their potential role in promoting neurotoxicity remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of cross-talk of newborn mouse neurons with microglial cells in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were exposed to sevoflurane, and then co-cultured with BV2 microglial cells. We showed that sevoflurane treatment markedly increased the expression of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, which inhibited neuronal proliferation and induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting M1 polarization of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We further revealed that the exosomal lncRNA Gas5 significantly upregulated Foxo3 as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-212-3p in BV2 cells, and activated the NF-κB pathway to promote M1 microglial polarization and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating neuronal damage. In neonatal mice, intracranial injection of the exosomes derived from sevoflurane-treated neurons into the bilateral hippocampi significantly increased the proportion of M1 microglia, inhibited neuronal proliferation and promoted apoptosis, ultimately leading to neurotoxicity. Similar results were observed in vitro in BV2 cells treated with the CM from HT22 cells after sevoflurane exposure. We conclude that sevoflurane induces the transfer of lncRNA Gas5-containing exosomes from neurons, which in turn regulates the M1 polarization of microglia and contributes to neurotoxicity. Thus, modulating the expression of lncRNA Gas5 or the secretion of exosomes could be a strategy for addressing sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.

Basic requirements for advanced and practical supercapacitors need electrode materials with strong stability, high surface area, well-defined porosity, and enhanced capability of ion insertion and electron transfer. It is worth mentioning that the two-dimensional cluster-based Ni/Co–organic layer (Ni0.7Co0.3-CMOL) inherits high stability from the Kagóme lattice and shows excellent pseudocapacitance behavior. As an optimized atomic composition, this crystalline CMOL exhibits excellent performance and stability both in 1.0 M KOH and All-Solid-State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor (ASCs). The specific capacitance values are 1211 and 394 F g–1and the energy density is 54.67 Wh kg–1at 1 A g–1. Good cycling stability is characterized by its capacitance retention, maintained at 92.4% after 5000 cycles in a three-electrode system and 90% after 2000 cycles at 20 A g–1for assembled All-Solid-State Flexible ASCs. An in situ XRD technique was used in the three-electrode system, which showed that there was no signal of crystalline substance that affected the cyclic stability of the material while charging and discharging. These superior results prove that Ni0.7Co0.3-CMOLis a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great promise in tumor therapy due to high safety, efficacy, and specificity. However, the risk of increased metastasis in hypoxic tumors after oxygen-dependent PDT remains underestimated. Here, we propose a post-PDT oxygen supply (POS) strategy to reduce the risk of metastasis. Herein, biocompatible and tumor-targeting Ce6@BSA and PFC@BSA nanoparticles were constructed for PDT and POS in a 4T1-orthotropic breast cancer model. PDT with Ce6@BSA nanoparticles increased tumor metastasis via the HIF-1α signaling pathway, whereas POS significantly reduced the PDT-triggered metastasis by blocking this pathway. Furthermore, POS, with clinical protocols and an FDA-approved photosensitizer (hypericin), and oxygen inhalation reduced PDT-induced metastasis. Our study findings indicate that PDT may increase the risk of tumor metastasis and that POS may solve this problem. POS can reduce the metastasis resulting not only from PDT but also from other oxygen-dependent treatments such as radiotherapy and sonodynamic therapy.

Mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with the sodalite (sod) topology type and based on ZIF-7 have been prepared by direct synthesis from the mixtures of benzimidazole (BzIm) and 4,5-dichloroimidazole (dcIm). Incorporation of dcIm into the ZIF-7 structure gives ZIF-7/COK-17 hybrids with rhombohedral symmetry that do not show the “open-to-closed form” structural transition upon solvent removal exhibited by ZIF-7. They show Type I isotherms for low molecular weight gases and high affinity for CO2even at low partial pressures. Synthesis under mild conditions gives ZIF nanoparticles (250–400 nm) suitable for incorporation into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs): these were prepared with both glassy (Matrimid) and rubbery (PEBAX 1657) polymers. Permeation tests at 298 K and 1.2 bar reveal that the incorporation of Zn(BzIm0.55dcIm0.45)2nanoparticles at up to ca. 12 wt % gives defect-free membranes with enhanced CO2permeability in both polymer matrices, with retention of selectivity (Matrimid) or with an enhancement in selectivity that is most pronounced for the smaller nanoparticles (PEBAX). The membrane with the best performance exhibits a selectivity of ca. 200 for CO2/N2(a 4-fold increase compared to the pure polymer) and a CO2permeability of 64 Barrer. At the relatively low loadings investigated, the MMMs’ performance obeys the Maxwell model, and the intrinsic property of diffusivity of the ZIFs can be extracted as a result.

Panvascular disease is not only a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but also the leading cause of disability and death in T2DM patients. To promote multidisciplinary cooperation and integration for early detection of panvascular disease in patients with T2DM, a group of Chinese researchers in the fields of cardiovascular disease, endocrinology, nephrology, neurology, and health management led by the Chinese Society of Cardiology and Chinese Medical Association, formed a “Chinese Expert Consensus on Risk Assessment and Management of Panvascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes” study group to review the latest evidence and major developments in relevant domestic and international disciplines to develop this consensus. The consensus covers the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, multidisciplinary collaborative treatments, and risk assessment and management of panvascular disease in patients with T2DM, with an emphasis on early-risk assessment of panvascular disease in patients with T2DM, including the assessment of risk factors, vascular structure and function, and target organ damage at least once a year. In addition, this consensus emphasized that managing panvascular disease in patients with T2DM requires the involvement of both patients and multidisciplinary physicians, and reinforces the importance of controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids and anti-platelet therapy in addition to lifestyle interventions. This consensus will help guide and assist clinicians regarding the standardized and comprehensive management of panvascular disease in patients with T2DM and improve patient prognosis.

Two new tetrathiafulvalene-based coordination polymers (CPs), Zn-m-TTFTB ([Zn(m-TTFTB)0.5(CH2CH3OH)(H2O)]n) and Cd-m-TTFTB ({[Cd4(m-H2TTFTB)4(CH2CH3OH)2(H2O)10](DMF)2(CH2CH3OH)}n) (m-H4TTFTB = m-tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate), were synthesized and characterized. Zn-m-TTFTB shows a two-dimensional network, while Cd-m-TTFTB has a one-dimensional structure. Compared with the previously reported three-dimensional TTFTB-CPs (H4TTFTB = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate), Zn/Cd-m-TTFTB-CPs, with a truncated linker, have more compact structures with abundant weak interactions including hydrogen bonds and S···S interactions. The electrical conductivity and solid-state electrochemical properties of Zn/Cd-m-TTFTB were investigated. Furthermore, solid-state adsorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra revealed the intramolecular charge transfer in these CPs.

Circadian rhythms are internal biological rhythms driving temporal tissue-specific, metabolic programs. Loss of the circadian transcription factor BMAL1 in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus reveals its importance in metabolic rhythms, but its functions in individual PVN cells are poorly understood. Here, loss of BMAL1 in the PVN results in arrhythmicity of processes controlling energy balance and alters peripheral diurnal gene expression. BMAL1 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) reveal its temporal regulation of target genes, including oxytocin (OXT), and restoring circulating OXT peaks in BMAL1-PVN knockout (KO) mice rescues absent activity rhythms. While glutamatergic neurons undergo day/night changes in expression of genes involved in cell morphogenesis, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes show gene expression changes in cytoskeletal organization and oxidative phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings show diurnal gene regulation in neuronal and non-neuronal PVN cells and that BMAL1 contributes to diurnal OXT secretion, which is important for systemic diurnal rhythms.

Optimized macroscopic tribological behavior can be anticipated in metallic glasses (MGs) by cryogenic cycling treatment (CCT), which is attributed to enhanced plasticity. However, the intrinsic friction mechanisms of MGs induced by cryogenic rejuvenation are still poorly understood. In the present study, nanoscopic wear tests were conducted on the Zr-based MGs surface with different CCT cycles using atomic force microscopy (AFM). After CCT treatment with 100 cycles, the MG displays the highest adhesion and ploughing frictions, but significantly improved anti-wear properties. Adhesion tests and molecular dynamics simulations disclose that the increased adhesion is attributed to the dominance of liquid-like regions in the CCT-treated MGs, and the impact of reduced hardness and weak elastic recovery results in the deteriorated ploughing friction. The enhanced plasticity effectively dissipates the strain from the AFM tip through multiple shear bands and weakens the adhesion during deformation, giving rise to excellent wear resistance. This study elucidates the promoting effect of CCT on the outstanding anti-wear performance of MGs, and is helpful for the development of novel alloys.

The use of nitrogen (N)-efficient rice (Oryza sativaL.) varieties could reduce excessive N input without sacrificing yields. However, the plant traits associated with N-efficient rice varieties have not been fully defined or comprehensively explored. Here, three japonicaN-efficient varieties (NEVs) and three japonicaN-inefficient varieties (NIVs) of rice were grown in a paddy field under N omission (0 N, 0 kg N ha–1) and normal N (NN, 180 or 200 kg N ha−1) treatments. Results showed that NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than NIVs under both treatments, due to improved sink size and filled-grains percentage in the former which had higher root oxidation activity and greater root dry weight, root length and root diameter at panicle initiation (PI), as well as higher spikelet–leaf ratio and more productive tillers during the grain-filling stage. Compared with NIVs, NEVs also exhibited enhanced N translocation and dry matter accumulation after heading and improved flag leaf morpho–physiological traits, including greater leaf thickness and specific leaf weight and higher contents of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, chlorophyll, nitrogen, and soluble sugars, leading to better photosynthetic performance. Additionally, NEVs had a better canopy structure, as reflected by a higher ratio of the extinction coefficient for effective leaf N to the light extinction coefficient, leading to enhanced canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. These improved agronomic and physiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and internal NUE, which could be used to select and breed N-efficient rice varieties.

Deficit irrigation is critical to global food production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions with low precipitation. Given water shortage has threatened agricultural sustainability under the dry-land farming system in China, there is an urgent need to develop effective water-saving technologies. We carried out a field study under two cultivation techniques: (1) the ridge and furrow cultivation model (R); and (2) the conventional flat farming model (F), and three simulated precipitation levels (1, 275 mm; 2, 200 mm; 3, 125 mm) with two deficit irrigation levels (150 and 75 mm). We demonstrated that under the ridge furrow (R) model, rainfall harvesting planting under 150 mm deficit irrigation combined with 200 mm simulated precipitation can considerably increase net photosynthesis rate (Pn), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), performance index of photosynthetic PSII (Fv/Fm′), and transformation energy potential of PSII (Fv/Fo). In addition, during the jointing, anthesis and grain-filling stages, the grain and biomass yield in the R model are 18.9 and 11.1% higher than those in the flat cultivation model, respectively, primarily due to improved soil water contents. The winter wheat fluorescence parameters were significantly positively associated with the photosynthesis, biomass and wheat production. The result suggests that the R cultivation model with irrigation of 150 mm and simulated precipitation of 200 mm is an effective planting method for enhancing Pn, biomass, wheat production, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in dry-land farming areas.

Sliding friction-induced subsurface structures and severe surface oxidation can be the major causes influencing the wear resistance of ductile metallic materials. Here, we demonstrated the role of subsurface and surface structures in enhancing the wear resistance of an equiatomic metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy (HEA). The CoCrNiCu HEA is composed of a CoCrNi-rich face-centered cubic (FCC) dendrite phase and a Cu-rich FCC inter-dendrite phase. Copious Cu-rich nano-precipitates are formed and distributed uniformly inside the dendrites after tuning the distribution and composition of the two phases by thermal annealing. Although the formation of nano-precipitates decreases the hardness of the alloy due to the loss of solid solution strengthening, these nano-precipitates can be deformed to form continuous Cu-rich nanolayers during dry sliding, leading to a self-organized nano-laminated microstructure and extensive hardening in the subsurface. In addition, the nano-precipitates can facilitate the formation of continuous and compacted glaze layers on the worn surface, which are also beneficial for the reduction of the wear rate of CoCrNiCu. The current work can be extended to other alloy systems and might provide guidelines for designing and fabricating wear-resistant alloys in general.

The FEM (finite element method) simulation was used to study the diffusion bonding deformation of high purity tungsten target. The influence of different welding structure, bonding temperature on the deformation of the final high-purity tungsten target was systematically studied. Meanwhile, some microscopic properties of tungsten target were developed, such as internal stress size and distributions, strain size and distributions. Finally, physical experiments are used to verify numerical simulation results. The results show that the method of adding an intermediate layer can release the residual stress between the high-purity target and back plate. The bonding stress of high-purity tungsten target is mainly concentrated with the tungsten target and the intermediate layer in between, which is easy to fail during the later leveling process. Small deformation of bonding tungsten target can be obtained by low diffusion bonding temperature.

Controlled hydration leads to four derivatives of a metal–organic framework consisting of cadmium ions, N1,N1,N4,N4-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine, and coordinated and free nitrates. The balance of water coordination and the multitude of bonding of the weakly coordinated nitrate lead to a progressive change in the coordination number of the Cd2+ions from eight to seven to six without great perturbation to the 4-fold interpenetration three-dimensional framework.

This paper analyzes the mechanism of the production and improvement of the mura of metal reflection in OLED FMLOC products. We qualify test indicators according to the benchmark of what human eyes could actually see and develop the simulation software, through which we can simulate the intuitive mura images matching well with the actual phenomenon. We also set up the design rule, divide the touch unit into 3 areas: bulk, boundary and bridge by a specific cut map, thus producing a device which the human can not identify mura.

ABSTRACTThe early embryonic development is important for the subsequent embryo implantation, and any defects in this process can lead to embryonic aneuploidy, which causes miscarriage and birth defects. Survivin is the member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, and it is also an essential subunit of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which regulates both apoptosis and cell cycle control in many models. However, the roles of survivin in mouse early embryos remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that survivin activity was essential for mouse early embryo development. Our results showed that survivin mainly accumulated at chromosomes at metaphase stage and located at the spindle midzone at anaphase and telophase stages during the first cleavage. Loss of survivin activity led to the failure of cleavage in early mouse embryos. Further analysis indicated that survivin involved into spindle organization and chromosome alignment. Moreover, inhibition of survivin induced oxidative stress and DNA damage, showing with the increase of ROS level, the positive γH2A signal, and the increase of Rad51 level. We also observed the occurrence of autophagy and apoptosis in the survivin-inhibited embryos. In summary, our study suggested that survivin was a critical regulator for early embryo development through its regulation on spindle organization, chromosome alignment, and DNA damage.

Fluorescent materials with advanced functionalities provide powerful tools to visualize subcellular microstructures and monitor subcellular dynamic functions, which significantly boost our understanding of complex biological phenomena and manipulation of biological behaviors. However, realization of diverse biological applications from a single molecular backbone is still a challenging endeavor. In this contribution, a series of coumarin-based cationic fluorophores (Cou-n, n= 1–4) with near-infrared emission (675 nm) and large Stokes shifts (110 nm) have been developed. Considering their excellent biocompatibilities and alkyl chain-dependent lipophilicities, Cou-1and Cou-3could selectively and ultrafast (<30 s) stain the cell plasma membrane and mitochondria in a washing-free manner, respectively. Meanwhile, Cou-1could sensitively respond to the change of the plasma membrane potential, which enabled Cou-1to successfully indicate the cell passage number. Taking advantage of specific mitochondria targeting as well as efficient singlet oxygen generation, Cou-3exhibited enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect for tumor inhibition in vivo. In addition, the suitable lipophilicity of Cou-3aided it in selectively imaging Gram-positive bacteria and efficiently killing bacteria by the PDT process.

The simultaneous pursuit of accelerative radiative and restricted nonradiative decay is of tremendous significance to construct high-luminescence-efficiency fluorophores in the second near-infrared wavelength window (NIR-II), which is seriously hindered by the energy gap laws. Herein, a mash-up strategy of π-extension and deuteration is proposed to efficaciously ameliorate the knotty problem. By extending the π-conjugation of the aromatic fragment and introducing an isotope effect to the aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), an improved oscillator strength (f), coupled with suppressed deformation and high-frequency oscillation in the excited state, are successively implemented. In this case, a faster rate of radiative decay (kr) and restricted nonradiative decay (knr) are simultaneously achieved. Moreover, the preeminent emissive property of AIEgen in the molecular state could be commendably inherited by the aggregates. The corresponding NIR-II emissive AIEgen-based nanoparticles display high brightness, large Stokes shift, and superior photostability simultaneously, which can be applied for image-guided cancer and sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery. This work thus provides a rational roadmap to improve the luminescence efficiency of NIR-II fluorophores for biomedical applications.

Background: While it is known that klotho has negative regulatory effects in a variety of diseases such as metabolic disorders and kidney disease, the specific role of klotho in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its effect on mortality are unclear. This study investigated the association between serum klotho levels and mortality in patients with RA. Methods: This study included 841 adults with RA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016 to extract the concentrations of serum klotho. The association between klotho and RA was determined using Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Results: A total of 841 patients with RA were included in this study, who were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of serum klotho levels (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for covariates revealed that high levels of klotho lowered the risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to the Q1 group. The KM curve analysis suggested that this effect was more pronounced for all-cause mortality. The RCS-fitted Cox regression model indicated a U-shaped correlation between serum klotho levels and RA mortality. The risk of all-cause mortality increased with decreasing serum klotho levels below a threshold of 838.81 pg/mL. Subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of klotho was more pronounced in patients with the following characteristics: male, white ethnicity, age ≥ 60 years, body mass index &lt; 25 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/ (min × 1.73 m2), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level ≥ 50 nmol/L. Conclusion: Serum klotho levels had a U-shaped correlation with all-cause mortality in patients with RA, indicating that maintain a certain level of serum klotho could prevent premature death.

Trace Recalling, a novel method for deconvoluting double traces that result from simultaneously sequencing two DNA templates, identifies up to two bases at each position of such a trace. Two applications, the alternate splice finding and elucidation of multiple insertion sites are presented in a random insertional mutagenesis library.

Verification of identified rat genes by various methods is given. The results reveal that Twinscan procedure for elucidating gene structure with native cDNA sequences is cost-effective.

A new method for simultaneously identifying novel homologous genes with identical structure in the mammalian genomes is given. Using this method, 3968 genes triples were found in the mammalian genomes which are predicted with exactly the same gene structure.

The influence of temperature and solvent on the phase behavior of a 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane–2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (HNIW·TNT) cocrystal system has been investigated. The ternary phase diagrams for HNIW and TNT in acetonitrile and ethyl acetate have been constructed at 25 and 35 °C, indicating that the cocrystal dissolves incongruently in acetonitrile and congruently in ethyl acetate. The results show that the solubility ratio of the two cocrystal components does not provide a reliable and accurate way to predict whether the phase behavior of the HNIW·TNT cocrystal is congruent or incongruent. The construction of the ternary phase diagram identified the thermodynamic stability regions for the cocrystal. The appearance of the phase diagram depends strongly on the choice of solvent, and the temperature has a weak effect on the phase diagram. By proper selection of the ratios, the HNIW·TNT cocrystal has been prepared by an isothermal slurry conversion crystallization method and systematically characterized.

To improve the safety of nitramine explosives, two compact urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin coating micro-composites were fabricated via poly-condensation of urea and formaldehyde on the surfaces of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazisowurtzitane (HNIW) in this study. The two core-shell composites were characterized by several methods and their sensitivities were also studied. The results indicated that the UF resins were compactly coated on the surfaces of HMX and HNIW crystals with low contents, and the UF resin coating can stabilize the polymorphs and change the thermal properties of energetic crystals remarkably. In addition, the impact sensitivity of core-shell energetic composites reduced significantly comparing with pure explosives and corresponding explosive coated by other amino-resins, attributing to the buffering effect and better flexibility of UF resin.

In order to improve the grinding efficiency of bearing raceways, a multi-objective optimization method that considers the surface integrity constraints of the bearing raceway is proposed. Appropriate design points are selected through an orthogonal test, and a response surface model of the grinding parameters along with the response output is established on the basis of the test results. Explicit expressions for the grinding force and roughness are formulated, and the constraints necessary to meet the quality requirements are obtained. The genetic algorithm NSGA-II is applied to the multi-objective optimization of grinding time and material removal rate, and the Pareto set is solved. The results of the study show that using optimized grinding parameters can reduce the grinding time and material removal rate, and can also help broaden the available knowledge base on high-speed and high-efficiency grinding technology.

We investigate the polarization effect in intersubband transitions in polar and nonpolar GaN-based multiple-quantum well (MQW) structures for terahertz (THz) emissions by using systematic comparisons and design a nonpolar GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N two-well-based MQW structure with an emitting photon of 7.27 THz (30.07 meV). Its lower energy separation (92.7 meV) matches the resonant phonon depopulation condition for better population inversion. It shows a lower threshold current density Jthat all temperatures (1.548 kA/cm2at 90 K) and a higher output power of up to 86.1 mW at 5.8 K and 33.6 mW at 100 K. Our results for the polar GaN MQW are very close to the experimental data in the literature. We find that the Jthof the nonpolar GaN MQW increases more slowly than that of the polar GaN MQW as temperature increases, indicating the nonpolar GaN MQW may be a worth-trying direction for improving the operation temperature. These results can provide meaningful references for the design and fabrication of nonpolar GaN-based THz MQW or quantum cascade structures.

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanism of color moire/mura which appear in the display products with prism or ITO touch sensor stacked structure. We construct matlab simulation models to execute the image processing in the opponent color space by adding the perception contrast sensitivity (CSF), and the simulation intuitive color mura images match the actual phenomenon.

Ni-W-B alloy coating containing amorphous boron particle were fabricated by direct current electrodeposition on low carbon steel substrates. The effect of boron concentration in the plating bath on the surface morphology, the overall boron content in the deposited layers and the hardness of the resulting coating layer were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the surface morphology of the Ni-W-B coating layer was largely modified by the boron particle loading in the electroplating suspension. Distinct nodular structures were observed in these samples. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra suggested that the overall boron content in the coating layer increased with increasing boron particle loading from 1 to 3 g/L. Too high boron particle loading of 10 g/L resulted in lower overall boron content. The highest hardness of 680.86 ± 17.67 Hv was obtained from Ni-W-B/B coating layer fabricated using the boron particle loading of 5 g/L.

In the traditional Bamford‐Stevens‐Shapiro‐type reaction, electrophiles replace the carbonyl group to synthesize polysubstituted carbon‐carbon double bonds. We herein report an unusually simple and general procedure to access carbon‐carbon double bonds from ketones and install electrophiles at the original α‐position of the carbonyl functional group, thus providing a new tool in organic synthesis. This reaction shows a wide substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance. Nice and easy: An unusually simple and general procedure to access carbon‐carbon double bonds from ketones is described. Electrophiles are installed at the original α‐position of the carbonyl functional group, thus providing a new tool in organic synthesis.

2HNIW·HMX co-crystals are crystals composed of HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazisowurtzitane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), and the HNIW molecule and HMX molecule are combined with noncovalent bonds in a lattice at a 2:1 ratio. The 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals are successfully synthesized by Bolton’s method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and high performance liquid chromatograph. The standard enthalpy of formation of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals is obtained as 861.9 ± 18.6 kJ·mol–1under the direction of a designed thermochemical cycle with a Calvet microcalorimeter. The thermal decomposition behavior of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals was studied under the non-isothermal condition with DSC. The apparent activation energy (E) of the decomposition is 332.23 kJ·mol–1by Kissinger method, 324.10 kJ·mol–1by Ozawa method, 314.06 ± 4.26 kJ·mol–1by Friedman–Reich–Levi method, and 306.81 ± 3.12 kJ·mol–1by NL-INT-SY3 method, respectively. The pre-exponential factor (logA/s–1) is 29.33 ± 0.33 via compensation effect. A continuous Cpmode of Micro-DSC III was used to determine the specific heat capacity (Cp,m) of the target co-crystals from 283.15 to 333.15 K, and the Cp,mis 1114.04 ± 10.92 J·mol–1·K–1at 298.15 K. These results could provide valuable information on 2HNIW·HMX co-crystals for both theory and application.

The subtle balance of the metrics of the highly supple 5,5′-pyridyl-3,3′-bis-1H-pyrazolate and the variable coordination numbers of Cu(I) favor the stabilization of a [4 × 4] grid complex with all Cu(I). It has numerous cuprophilic bonds (Cu···Cu = 2.56–3.02 Å), and consequently, exhibits strong orange luminescence that fades upon insertion of solvents without loss of crystallinity.

The aim of this work is to analyze and quantify moire issue of stacked structures in oblique view. In oblique view, the pixel values of the stacked layers can't be added directly. Thus, we made a simple one‐dimensional model to calculate the coordinates of the down layer and used interpolation method to calculate the pixel values in olique view. Then we used CSF method to process the superposition graph and made quantification. Experiment results showed that our method is a simple and effective way to analyze moire in oblique view.