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A scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences dedicated to the centenary of L D Landau's birth was held in the Conference Hall of the Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, on 22 and 23 January 2008. An Opening Address by A F Andreev and the following reports were presented at the session: (1) Andreev A F (Kapitza Institute of Physical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences) "Supersolidity of quantum glasses" (2) Kagan Yu M (Russian Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) "Formation kinetics of the Bose condensate and long-range order"; (3) Pitaevskii L P (Kapitza Institute of Physical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento and BDC Center, Trento, Italy) "Superfluid Fermi liquid in a unitary regime"; (4) Lebedev V V (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region) "Kolmogorov, Landau, and the modern theory of turbulence"; (5) Khalatnikov I M (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), Kamenshchik A Yu (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bologna, Italy) "Lev Landau and the problem of singularities in cosmology"; (6) Ioffe B L (Russian State Scientific Center Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow) "Axial anomaly in quantum electro- and chromodynamics and the structure of the vacuum in quantum chromodynamics"; (7) Okun L B (Russian State Scientific Center Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow) "The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem"; (8) Lipatov L N (St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St. Petersburg) "Bjorken and Regge asymptotics of scattering amplitudes in QCD and in supersymmetric gauge models." A brief presentation of the Opening Address by A F Andreev and reports 2, 3, and 5 -- 8 is given below. * L D Landau: 100th anniversary (Introductory talk), A F Andreev Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 601-602 * Formation kinetics of the Bose condensate and long-range order, Yu M Kagan Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Page 603 * Superfluid Fermi liquid in a unitary regime, L P Pitaevskii Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 603-608 * Lev Landau and the problem of singularities in cosmology, I M Khalatnikov and A Yu Kamenshchik Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 609-616 * Axial anomaly in quantum electro- and chromodynamics and the structure of the vacuum in quantum chromodynamics, B L Ioffe Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 616-622 * The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem, L B Okun Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 622-631 * Bjorken and Regge asymptotics of scattering amplitudes in QCD and in supersymmetric gauge models, L N Lipatov Physics-Uspekhi, 2008, Volume 51, Number 6, Pages 631-636

The twist-4 corrections to the photon structure function are calculated by the method previously suggested by the authors [1], using the operator expansion in the photon virtualityp2 and correct analytical properties of photon-photon scattering amplitude inp2.

The structure function of virtual photon is calculated in QCD by using the operator expansion in the photon virtualityp2. A model is proposed which has correct analytical properties inp2 and represent the results of QCD calculation in terms of contributions of physical states. Using this model to extrapolate to the pointp2=0, the photon structure function as well as its hadronic part is found in the region of intermediatex.

Conclusions In energy reactors similar to the KS-150 but larger, high fuel-expenditure levels (native metallic uranium) are entirely attainable. Thanks to the high conversion ratio, they can simultaneously produce plutonium for fast reactors in quantities approximately double the unit yield of thermal reactors using enriched uranium.

Gluon distributions in real and virtual photons are calculated using evolution equations in the NLO approximation. The quark distributions in the photon determined on the basis of the QCD sum rule approach in [1] are taken as an input. It is shown that gluon distribution in the photon can be reliably determined up tox=0.03÷0.05, much lower than the corresponding values in the case of quark distributions. Two variants of the calculations are considered: (1) it is assumed that there are no intrinsic gluons in the photon at some low normalization pointQ2=Q02∼1GeV2; (2) it is assumed that gluonic content of the photon at lowQ02is described by gluonic content of vector mesonsρ, ω, ϕ. The gluon distributions in these two variants appear to be different. This fact permits one to clarify the origin of nonperturbative gluonic content of the photon by comparing the results with experiment. Structure functionsF2(x) for real and virtual photon are calculated and it is shown that in the regionx≥0.2 where QCD approach is valid, there is a good agreement with experiment.

The paper describes the method of calculating fuel burn-up in nuclear reactors, taking into account the capture and multiplication of neutrons while slowing down. In the calculations, account is taken of the burn-up of U235 and the build-up and burn-up of Np239, Pu239, Pu240, Pu241 and of the fission fragments.

The cryteria for the choice of the most suitable quark currents in the QCD sum rules for baryon masses are discussed. The currents used in [1, 2] are preferable comparing with those adopted in [3, 4] since the latters result in large power corrections.

A scientific session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences dedicated to the centenary of L D Landau's birth was held in the Conference Hall of the Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, on 22 and 23 January 2008. An Opening Address by A F Andreev and the following reports were presented at the session: