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The article presents an analysis of the notion of cultural identity in Latin America from a sociological perspective, focusing on the main interpretations on this subject since the 19th century. Topics include the Indianist perspective represented by Bolivian activists Fausto Reynaga and Ramiro Reynaga, the Hispanism represented by Spanish political theorist Ramiro de Maeztu, and the Occidentalism represented by Venezuelan author Arturo Uslar Pietri.