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An analysis on the current present pension system in Russia, on the three main components of the pension system, which are social security, mandatory pension schemes, and non-mandatory pension schemes, is presented. A case study on the pension benefits, offered by a German multinational chemical manufacturer, to its Russia employees, is discussed.

SMP servers equipped with six and eight Pentium Pros are ready to go. Here's how they stack up as computing muscle for the power-hungry enterprise. It's not an unfamiliar scenario: […]

NT servers challenge Unix systems on intranets--and prove equal to the task. The mainstreaming of Internet technology into everyday applications is fueling a radical transformation in corporate information systems. The […]

Each OS has something to recommend its place in your server closet. To maintain order, however, you must limit the total number of OSes you run. Let's look at how […]

Technology leaders agree: Change is the only sure thing about computing in the next decade. Twenty-five years ago, IC engineers fired the first shot in a technology revolution that changed […]

Is Microsoft's Windows NT 4.0 the answer to our OS prayers or just a set of incremental improvements? Product INFORMATION Windows NT 4.0 Workstation: $319; upgrade, $149. Server: five-user license, […]

More recently (long after l'd abandoned BACKUP), I modified the function to add an interface for the BASIC language as well as support for 720Kb and 1.44Mb diskettes. In this […]

As new types of diskette drives are introduced, indentification techniques depend on particular hardware characteristics are becoming obsolete and inaccurate. It was once sufficient, for example, to assume that an […]

Sophisticated care for small burns While most burns seen in primary care office practice can be readily and successfully treated by a modified open method (see 'Treating small burns: A [...]

It is known that amino acid uptake by skeletal muscles is reduced during intra-abdominal sepsis (poisoning of the blood caused by microorganisms and their toxic by-products) and endotoxemia (presence of endotoxin in the blood). Endotoxin is a poison contained in the walls of some microorganisms, particularly intestinal bacteria; it is released when the organism dies and then is broken down by the body. Endotoxemia causes various symptoms, including fever and chills. It has been suggested that circulating factors may reduce amino acid transport. It may be that reduced amino acid uptake results from changed hemodynamics (blood flow and function). A study of rats was undertaken to determine if reduced muscle uptake of amino acids is due to hypotension (low blood pressure) or some factor present in the blood. The results did show that muscle uptake of amino acids was reduced when the rats were endotoxic. When hypotension was induced in endotoxic rats, the amino acid uptake was unchanged, making hemodynamic causes of changed uptake appear unlikely. Amino acid uptake was reduced when plasma from endotoxic rats was added to muscle tissue; this suggests that circulating factors may cause altered amino acid transport. Exactly what factor it is that causes this change is still unknown, however it probably has a molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons. It is not probable that the endotoxin itself caused the reduced amino acid uptake, because when endotoxin alone was added to muscle, it had no effect on amino acid uptake. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Does a low price tag always equal a value? We put five sub-$1000 PCs-- all Pentium alternatives--to the test. For over a decade, PC manufacturers have tried to find the […]

As rival companies squabble over standards, some hardware and content manufacturers are adopting a wait-and-see attitude toward rolling out products based on Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), the technology that may […]

Professional-quality real-time 3-D imaging has traditionally been the province of high-cost workstations with powerful graphics subsystems. Until recently, these Unix-based systems, costing $20,000 and up from companies like Digital, HP, […]

From the September 1, 1999 issue of PC World. Systems sporting the new Xeon CPU have plenty of giddyup, but lower-cost Pentium IIIs give them a run for their money. […]

Tape's low cost-per-megabyte has made it the preferred choice for large-capacity backup and archival storage in high-end applications. Tape still retains that characteristic, but in the broader single-user, small-office, and […]

Intel's new LX chip set with support for Accelerated Graphics Port relieves PC bottlenecks. But applications and OSes that exploit it aren't here yet.The first PCs that use Intel's new […]

New systems built around Intel's 300-MHz Pentium II push high-performance solutions in two directions. Compaq product information Professional Workstation 6300 $12,600 Compaq Computer Corp. Houston, TX 800-345-1518 281-514-0484 fax: 281-514-1740 […]

Two fast, inexpensive modems from U.S. Robotics and Cardinal give your downloads a boost--maybe. Sportster 56K Faxmodem $219 (external; internal, $199) U.S. Robotics Skokie, IL 800-342-5877 http://www.usr.com Circle 1117 on […]

Intel's latest OverDrive processor boosts your system's business applications performance while adding support for multimedia extensions (MMX) technology. However, if you're on a tight budget, you should investigate less expensive […]

Spreading CPU power around with applications servers makes more sense than ever. Large corporations are downsizing from mainframes while demanding the same or better level of performance. Workgroups are upsizing […]

Getting the best performance from your applications server depends on three key components. A couple complex SQL queries can bring the fastest server to its knees. So can compiling a […]

Applications-server suites fall short of their promises but still ease some integration headaches. Like their desktop counterparts, applications suites for servers give you 90 percent of the capabilities you would […]

Cyrix has apparently fixed a bug in its flagship 6x86 processor that results in sluggish performance of Windows NT 4.0, but not before chips affected by the bug reached the […]