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Accurate tissue segmentation of thick-slice fetal brain magnetic resonance (MR) scans is crucial for both reconstruction of isotropic brain MR volumes and the quantification of fetal brain development. However, this task is challenging due to the use of thick-slice scans in clinically-acquired fetal brain data. To address this issue, we propose to leverage high-quality isotropic fetal brain MR volumes (and also their corresponding annotations) as guidance for segmentation of thick-slice scans. Due to existence of significant domain gap between high-quality isotropic volume (i.e., source data) and thick-slice scans (i.e., target data), we employ a domain adaptation technique to achieve the associated knowledge transfer (from high-quality “source” volumes to thick-slice “target” scans). Specifically, we first register the available high-quality isotropic fetal brain MR volumes across different gestational weeks to construct longitudinally-complete source data. To capture domain-invariant information, we then perform Fourier decomposition to extract image content and style codes. Finally, we propose a novel Cycle-Consistent Domain Adaptation Network (C$^{2}$DA-Net) to efficiently transfer the knowledge learned from high-quality isotropic volumes for accurate tissue segmentation of thick-slice scans. Our C$^{2}$DA-Net can fully utilize a small set of annotated isotropic volumes to guide tissue segmentation on unannotated thick-slice scans. Extensive experiments on a large-scale dataset of 372 clinically acquired thick-slice MR scans demonstrate that our C$^{2}$DA-Net achieves much better performance than cutting-edge methods quantitatively and qualitatively.

Neuromorphic vision has been attracting much attention due to its advantages over conventional machine vision (e.g., lower data redundancy and lower power consumption). Here we develop synaptic phototransistors based on the silicon nanomembrane (Si NM), which are coupled with lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to form a heterostructure with distinct photogating. Synaptic phototransistors with optical stimulation have outstanding synaptic functionalities ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). The broadband synaptic functionalities enable an array of synaptic phototransistors to achieve the perception of brightness and color. In addition, an array of synaptic phototransistors is capable of simultaneous sensing, processing, and memory, which well mimics human vision.

This article considers distributed Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking of strongly monotone aggregative games over a multiagent network. Each player can only observe its own strategy while can exchange information with its neighbors via a communication graph. To solve the problem, we propose a distributed algorithm with multiple rounds of communication, where the players need constant rounds of communication with their neighbors at each iteration. We then prove that our algorithm converges to the (unique) NE with a linear convergence rate. We further study a single-round communication version of our algorithm, which can also achieve linear convergence rate with an additional condition related to the structure of the graph and the properties of the aggregative game. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to verify our results.

An a-IGZO based ferroelectric-TFT (FeTFT) is promising in future BEOL-compatible architecture designs. Despite its excellent nonvolatility, a complicated coupling of intrinsic transistor properties, trapping dynamics and ferroelectric effects has been reported and hinders the in-depth understanding of high temperature ( ${T}$ ) reliability. To address this issue, a surface potential based compact model has been developed by combining Preisach theory, disorder physics and Newton correction. It is calibrated to experiments under various voltages ( ${V}$ ) and ${T}$ (up to 100 °C). ${T}$ -dependent transport mechanism is validated with an effective mobility extracted, and a memory window (MW) increases with ${T}$ resulting from coupling effects. Besides, pulse width (PW) dependent ferroelectric switching dynamics are studied via the Monte Carlo method, predicting a possible decrease of MW at small PW and high ${T}$ . With such a physics-based modeling approach to accurate device characterization, it assists ${T}$ -aware circuit design with reliability considerations.

Twenty-two sesquiterpenoids (1–22) and 11 polyacetylenes (23–33) were obtained from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. Among them, 11 compounds (1–5, 11, 12, 23, 24, 30, and 31) are new. The scaffolds represented by the isolates of sesquiterpenoids were found to be varied and included two rare rearranged spirovetivane sesquiterpenoids with a spiro [4,4] skeleton, eight spirovetivanes, three guaianes, eight eudesmanes, and one eremophilane. Their planar structures and relative configurations were elucidated by UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data analysis. The absolute configurations of the new sesquiterpenoids were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis and by comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation data, as well as chemical transformations. All the isolated compounds (1–33) were evaluated for their activity against RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow macrophages. Two polyacetylene-type compounds, 25and 32, showed potent activity with IC50values of 1.3 and 0.64 μM, respectively. Rearranged spirovetivane sesquiterpenoids with a spiro [4,4] skeleton are reported herein from the genus Atractylodesfor the first time. Polyacetylenes were demonstrated as the main active constituents of A. lanceawith osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity.

Protein function annotation has been one of the longstanding issues in biological sciences, and various computational methods have been developed. However, the existing methods suffer from a serious long-tail problem, with a large number of GO families containing few annotated proteins. Herein, an innovative strategy named AnnoPRO was therefore constructed by enabling sequence-based multi-scale protein representation, dual-path protein encoding using pre-training, and function annotation by long short-term memory-based decoding. A variety of case studies based on different benchmarks were conducted, which confirmed the superior performance of AnnoPRO among available methods. Source code and models have been made freely available at: https://github.com/idrblab/AnnoPROand https://zenodo.org/records/10012272

Needle beams are widely used in advanced applications due to their high intensity, high resolution, and extended depth of focus. In this work, the generation of needle beams through transmitting azimuthally polarized beams to polarization-insensitive metasurfaces is presented. Defocus phase profiles and annular apertures were adopted to obtain needle beams, respectively. A relatively long depth of focus (${16.9}\lambda$) with subdiffraction beam size (${0.41}\lambda$) was obtained. The introduction of metasurfaces can significantly simplify an optical system compared with traditional methods utilizing complex optical elements. This study may contribute to photolithography, microscopy, particle manipulation, and acceleration.

This paper uses the evolving surface finite element method to solve the Swift–Hohenberg model on the given velocity surface. The linear basis function satisfies the transport property, so that the velocity no longer exists explicitly in the variational form. In addition, the energy behind the model is no longer strictly decreasing under the effect of arbitrary surface velocity. Therefore, the design of the numerical algorithm in this paper is mainly devoted to solving the computational instability caused by nonlinear terms and realizing efficient numerical calculation The first- and second-order stabilized semi-implicit schemes are utilized to achieve this goal in time discretization. Related stability analyses are given. Numerical examples are submitted to verify the effectiveness of our methods, and numerically investigate behaviors of the Swift–Hohenberg model on evolving surfaces. • Numerical simulations of the SH model on evolving surfaces. • First- and second-order stabilized semi-implicit schemes. • Evolving surface finite element schemes and stability analyses. • Investigation on the behaviors of the SH model on evolving surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elasticity of single-crystal hydrous pyrope with ~900 ppmw H2O has been derived from sound velocity and density measurements using in situ Brillouin light spectroscopy (BLS) and synchrotron X‑ray diffraction (XRD) in the diamond-anvil cell (DAC) up to 18.6 GPa at room temperature and up to 700 K at ambient pressure. These experimental results are used to evaluate the effect of hydration on the single-crystal elasticity of pyrope at high pressure and high temperature (P-T) conditions to better understand its velocity profiles and anisotropies in the upper mantle. Analysis of the results shows that all of the elastic moduli increase almost linearly with increasing pressure at room temperature, and decrease linearly with increasing temperature at ambient pressure. At ambient conditions, the aggregate adiabatic bulk and shear moduli (KS0, G0) are 168.6(4) and 92.0(3) GPa, respectively. Compared to anhydrous pyrope, the presence of ~900 ppmw H2O in pyrope does not significantly affect its KS0and G0within their uncertainties. Using the third-order Eulerian finite-strain equation to model the elasticity data, the pressure derivatives of the bulk [(∂KS/∂P)T] and shear moduli [(∂G/∂P)T] at 300 K are derived as 4.6(1) and 1.3(1), respectively. Compared to previous BLS results of anhydrous pyrope, an addition of ~900 ppmw H2O in pyrope slightly increases the (∂KS/∂P)T, but has a negligible effect on the (∂G/∂P)Twithin their uncertainties. The temperature derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli at ambient pressure are (∂KS/∂T)P= –0.015(1) GPa/K and (∂G/∂T)P= –0.008(1) GPa/K, which are similar to those of anhydrous pyrope in previous BLS studies within their uncertainties. Meanwhile, our results also indicate that hydrous pyrope remains almost elastically isotropic at relevant high P-Tconditions, and may have no significant contribution to seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. In addition, we evaluated the seismic velocities (vPand vS) and the vP/vSratio of hydrous pyrope along the upper mantle geotherm and a cold subducted slabs geotherm. It displays that hydrogen also has no significant effect on the seismic velocities and the vP/vSratio of pyrope at the upper mantle conditions.

Oscillating-water-column (OWC) devices provide a practical and convenient way to convert wave energy to electricity. Wave loads on bottom-sitting WECs are important design parameters for their foundation safety. This study considers an OWC integrated into a bottom-sitting pile structure (an OWC pile). Results from three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to examine the wave loads on an OWC pile. It appears that viscous loads and lateral loads are relatively small. Both the inline and vertical wave forces and the resulting overturning moment are not sensitive to the variability in wave period, but increase with wave height. Scales suitable for the wave forces and overturning moment are proposed for estimating wave loads on the OWC pile.

In coplanar structure thin‐film transistor (TFT), the formation of source/drain region with doping process is important to get high mobility. In this paper, the effects of NH3plasma treatment to form n+region have been investigated. The results show that the top gate coplanar structure Amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide(a‐IGZO) TFTs with n+source/drain by NH3treatment exhibit high mobility and good subthreshold swing (SS), which indicates that the NH3plasma treatment can effectively reduce the contact resistance.

A dual material gate (DMG) amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is proposed, which has a gate structure of lateral-contact-metals with two work functions. In view of multiple gate materials and localized/delocalized states, the potential calculations using Poisson’s equation are complicated and without analytical solution, which complicates the gate controllability analysis and future compact modeling methodology. Therefore, we have developed an analytical 2D potential model, that shows a great agreement with the numerical solution, taking into account asymmetry effects and scaling behavior. It can be used to tune potential or electric-field profiles by DMG engineering, increase the average channel electric-field, reduce the electric-field at the Drain side, and thus improve the performance of short-channel a-IGZO TFT with immunity to drain-induced-barrier-lowing (DIBL) and hot carrier effect (HCE).

The ribosome is the quintessential antibacterial drug target, with many structurally and mechanistically distinct classes of antibacterial agents acting by inhibiting ribosome function. Detecting and quantifying ribosome inhibition by small molecules and investigating their binding modes and mechanisms of action are critical to antibacterial drug discovery and development efforts. To develop a ribosome inhibition assay that is operationally simple, yet provides direct information on the drug target and the mechanism of action, we have developed engineered E. colistrains harboring an orthogonal ribosome-controlled green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter that produce fluorescent signal when the orthogonal ribosome is inhibited. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that these strains, when coexpressing homogeneous populations of aminoglycoside resistant ribosomes, act as sensitive and quantitative detectors of ribosome inhibition by a set of 12 structurally diverse aminoglycoside antibiotics. We suggest that this strategy can be extended to quantifying ribosome inhibition by other drug classes.

Acetaldehyde oxime has been synthesized though the liquid-phase ammoximation of acetaldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide over various titanosilicate catalysts. Titanium mordenite (Ti-MOR), prepared from highly dealuminated mordenite and TiCl4vapor by a secondary synthesis method, was superior to TS-1 and Ti-MWW catalysts both in aldehyde conversion and in oxime selectivity. The reaction parameters were investigated systematically in a batch-type reactor for Ti-MOR, such as solvent effect, temperature, time, catalyst loading, amounts of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide relative to aldehyde as well as addition methods of the reactants. Under optimized conditions, Ti-MOR was capable of showing an aldehyde conversion of 99% and an oxime selectivity of 97%. In comparison with TS-1 and Ti-MWW, the advantage of Ti-MOR in acetaldehyde ammoximation was mainly attributed to its lower ability for oxidation to convert the aldehyde to acetic acid. There was almost no effect resulting from the addition mode of the reactants; Ti-MOR with its special characteristics was unique in catalytic behavior and easy handling. An overview of the reaction routes involved in acetaldehyde ammoximation has been provided.

We proposed a simultaneous three-wavelength conversion based on the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in the multi-wavelength semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL). It is easily implemented owing to the simple structure. Furthermore, it has realized multi-channel wavelength conversion, which reduces the cost of network expansion. A comprehensive broadband dynamic model is presented. By numerical simulation, the proposed multi-wavelength conversion is theoretically realized using the broadband dynamic model. Moreover, the dependences of conversion efficiency and extinction ratio on the input signal power, signal wavelength and injection current are investigated in detail.