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The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been a convenient tool in the practice of radiation protection but it is not supported by scientific data at doses less than about 100 mSv or at chronic dose rates up to at least 200 mSv yr?1. Radiation protection practices based on the LNT model yield no demonstrable benefits to health when applied at lower annual doses. The assumption that such exposures are harmful may not even be conservative and has helped to foster an unwarranted fear of low-level radiation.