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ObjectiveDevelop a consensus on the content and form of safety netting advice (SNA) for parents of acutely ill children.DesignFour-round modified e-Delphi using online questionnaires and feedback among clinical and research experts.SettingAmbulatory care in high-income countries.ParticipantsForty-one experts from 13 countries: 3 emergency physicians, 15 general practitioners, 4 nurses and 19 paediatricians.ResultsThe experts defined the content of SNA as advice on the normal, expected disease course of the provisional diagnosis, diagnostic uncertainty, alarm signs that indicate the need for medical help and information on where and how to find such help. Regarding the form of the SNA, the experts agree that a reliable source should give SNA verbally with paper or digital written or video/image resources at every appropriate healthcare encounter in a short and simple empowering fashion, specific to the child’s situation and seek confirmatory feedback from parents.ConclusionsSNA needs to contain advice on the expected disease course, alarm signs and where and how to find help. It should be given verbally with written resources by a reliable healthcare professional or digital platform. Short, simple and specific, SNA needs to empower the parent whose understanding of the advice should be checked. The effectiveness of SNA resources coproduced by parents and experts should be assessed in different settings and those providing SNA require up-to-date and reliable training.

ObjectiveTo determine the rate and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for acutely ill children in ambulatory care in high-income countries.DesignOn 10 February 2021, we systematically searched articles published since 2000 in MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web Of Science and grey literature databases. We included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, time-series analyses, randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies of interventions with acutely ill children up to and including 12 years of age in ambulatory care settings in high-income countries. Pooled antibiotic prescribing and appropriateness rates were calculated using random-effects models. Meta-regression was performed to describe the relationship between the antibiotic prescribing rate and study-level covariates.ResultsWe included 86 studies comprising 11 114 863 children. We found a pooled antibiotic prescribing rate of 45.4% (95% CI 38.2% to 52.8%) for all acutely ill children, and 85.6% (95% CI 73.3% to 92.9%) for acute otitis media, 37.4% (95% CI 30.9% to 44.3%) for respiratory tract infections, and 40.4% (95% CI 29.9% to 51.9%) for other diagnoses. Considerable heterogeneity can only partly be explained by differences in diagnoses. The overall pooled appropriateness rate is 68.5% (95% CI 55.8% to 78.9%, I²=99.8%; 19 studies, 119 995 participants). 38.3% of all prescribed antibiotics were aminopenicillins.ConclusionsAntibiotic prescribing rates for acutely ill children in ambulatory care in high-income countries remain high. Large differences in prescription rates between studies can only partly be explained by differences in diagnoses. Better registration and further research are needed to investigate patient-level data on diagnosis and appropriateness.

Ten % of the population is labeled as allergic to penicillin(s), when in fact 90% of these labels are inappropriate. Recent studies have shown that inpatient de-labelling by a direct drug challenge (dDC) is safe in low-risk patients. However, there is a need for outpatient and non-allergist de-labelling.

AbstractObjectives:Patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms suffer from chronic fatigue and/or pain in combination with a variety of other symptoms. A flexible, biopsychosocial approach is needed for diagnostic screening and global management. It is crucial to involve the direct patient environment, including family, friends, colleagues as well as health providers, evaluation, and reintegration sector. The aim of this paper is to review the importance of work in the management of medically unexplained physical symptoms.Methods:In this paper, different actors involved explain their views and handling concerning work in the management of MUPS.Results:Symptom severity and lack of understanding from the environment can negatively impact on earning an independent income from labor for years. Work, whether or not paid, is however, an important life domain with positive effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being. Therefore, health actors are pivotal in starting the professional reintegration process as soon as possible and should discuss this item from the early stage onward. Support services can be consulted in mutual interaction as required. A case manager, acting as a central intermediator within this multidisciplinary approach, may promote effective communication and coordination between the patients and their surrounding actors.Conclusion:The professional reintegration process should start as soon as possible within the management of medically unexplained physical symptoms. As such, the care sector, the evaluation sector, and the professional integration sector should collaborate and effectively communicate with each other.

Nitrofurantoïne werd in 1953 goedgekeurd door de FDA, maar met de komst van cotrimoxazole en bètalactamantibiotica verloor het product aan populariteit. Na 2000 werd het terug meer en meer gepromoot wegens de resistentieproblematiek. Op dit moment is het gebruik van nitrofurantoïne in de meeste landen sterk gestegen, met uitzondering van Frankrijk waar het geneesmiddelenagentschap waarschuwde voor mogelijke zeer ernstige bijwerkingen.

Ironmonger en collega’s deden een retrospectief onderzoek naar de resistentie bij kiemen van urinestalen van patiënten uit de West Midlands regio in Engeland. Van 2010 tot 2013 analyseerden zij via het AmSurv, een centraal toezichtsysteem, resistentieprofielen van meer dan 400 000 E. coli, 23 800 K. pneumoniaeen bijna 7000 P. aeruginosaisolaten uit de eerste en tweede lijn.

Uit epidemiologisch onderzoek weten we dat acute cystitis bij vrouwen in de eerste lijn voor het grootste deel wordt veroorzaakt door E. coli-bacteriën die quasi 100% gevoelig zijn aan nitrofurantoine.1