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1. Artificial Intelligence for the Benefit of Everyone

Author

Hessami, Ali G., Kriebitz, Alexander, Weger, Gerlinde, Watson, Eleanor Nell, and Shaw, Patricia

Abstract

The IEEE Standards Association initiated a program to develop criteria to evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) systems’ emerging ethical properties. The accelerating advancement in AI technologies necessitated a review to stay in step with global changes that are relevant to this global initiative.

Published
2024
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2. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Schumacher, Austin E, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abebe, Samrawit Shawel, Abiodun, Olumide, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abolmaali, Meysam, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrha, Woldu Aberhe, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abtahi, Dariush, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Adal, Tadele Girum Girum, Adane, Mesafint Molla, Adeagbo, Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Aden, Bashir, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo, Adeyomoye, Olorunsola Israel, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adra, Saryia, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Afyouni, Shadi, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Aghamiri, Shahin, Agodi, Antonella, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarialiabad, Hossein, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akkala, Sreelatha, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Qadire, Mohammad, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, Albashtawy, Mohammed, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Alemi, Hediyeh, Alemi, Sharifullah, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhabib, Khalid F, Alhajri, Noora, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Abid, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aligol, Mohammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljasir, Mohammad A M, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almidani, Omar, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Omari, Basem, Alqahtani, Jaber S, Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Alvi, Farrukh Jawad, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alwafi, Hassan, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Aly, Hany, Aly, Safwat, Alzoubi, Karem H, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Amindarolzarbi, Alireza, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Sohrab, Ampomah, Irene Gyamfuah, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Andrade, Pedro Prata, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anil, Abhishek, Anil, Sneha, Ansar, Adnan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Saeid, ANWAR, SALEHA, Anwer, Razique, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arabzadeh Bahri, Razman, Arafa, Elshaimaa A, Arafat, Mosab, Araújo, Ana Margarida, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Aripov, Timur, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arooj, Mahwish, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Asemi, Zatollah, Asgary, Saeed, Asghariahmadabad, Mona, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse, Ashraf, Muhammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Asika, Marvellous O, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atreya, Alok, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avan, Abolfazl, Aweke, Amlaku Mulat, Ayele, Getnet Melaku, Ayyoubzadeh, Seyed Mohammad, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azevedo, Rui M S, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghdadi, Soroush, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahmanziari, Najmeh, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bako, Abdulaziz T, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balasubramanian, Madhan, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Bam, Kiran, Banach, Maciej, Bandyopadhyay, Soham, Banik, Biswajit, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bansal, Hansi, Baran, Mehmet Firat, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Bardideh, Erfan, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Barteit, Sandra, Basharat, Zarrin, Bashir, Asma'u I J, Bashiru, Hameed Akande, Basiru, Afisu, Basso, João Diogo, Basu, Sanjay, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Batra, Kavita, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Begum, Tahmina, Behboudi, Emad, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Beiranvand, Maryam, Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda, Bekele, Alehegn, Belay, Sefealem Assefa, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Beloukas, Apostolos, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berezvai, Zombor, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C, Bettencourt, Paulo J G, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhardwaj, Prarthna V, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bhatti, Manpreet S, Bhatti, Rajbir, Biondi, Antonio, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Atanu, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitra, Veera R, Bjørge, Tone, Bliss, Elye, Boachie, Micheal Kofi, Bobirca, Anca Vasilica, Bodolica, Virginia, Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan, Bogale, Eyob Ketema, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad, Bora Basara, Berrak, Bouaoud, Souad, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Bryazka, Dana, Bulamu, Norma B, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burkart, Katrin, Burns, Richard A, Bustanji, Yasser, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Calina, Daniela, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Fan, Cao, Shujin, Capodici, Angelo, Carreras, Giulia, Carugno, Andrea, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Caye, Arthur, Cegolon, Luca, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chahine, Yaacoub, Chakraborty, Chiranjib, Chalek, Julian, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Chavula, Malizgani Paul, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Simiao, Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chien, Ju-Huei, Ching, Patrick R, Cho, William C S, Choi, Sungchul, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Eric, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cindi, Zinhle, Cioffi, Iolanda, Ciuffreda, Raffaela, Claro, Rafael M, Coberly, Kaleb, Columbus, Alyssa, Comfort, Haley, Conde, Joao, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Cuadra-Hernández, Silvia Magali, Dadana, Sriharsha, Dadras, Omid, Dahiru, Tukur, Dai, Zhaoli, Dalton, Bronte, Damiani, Giovanni, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Jai K, Das, Saswati, Dashti, Mohsen, Dastiridou, Anna, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, Debele, Aklilu Tamire, Debopadhaya, Shayom, Delavari, Somayeh, Delgado-Enciso, Ivan, Demeke, Dessalegn, Demessa, Berecha Hundessa, Deng, Xinlei, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desai, Rupak, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Dhali, Arkadeep, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Diaz, Michael J, Dima, Adriana, Ding, Delaney D, Dirac, M Ashworth, Do, Thanh Chi, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, do Prado, Camila Bruneli, Dohare, Sushil, Dong, Wanyue, D'Oria, Mario, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Doshmangir, Leila, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Ashel Chelsea, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dsouza, Viola, Dube, John, Duprey, Joe, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Duraisamy, Senbagam, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Dutta, Sulagna, Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura, Dzianach, Paulina Agnieszka, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Ebrahimi, Alireza, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Edvardsson, Kristina, Efendi, Ferry, Eikemo, Terje Andreas, Ekholuenetale, Michael, El Tantawi, Maha, Elemam, Noha Mousaad, ElGohary, Ghada Metwally Tawfik, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elilo, Legesse Tesfaye, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Elshaer, Mohammed, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Emami Zeydi, Amir, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esposito, Francesco, Estep, Kara, Etaee, Farshid, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar, Falzone, Luca, Faramarzi, Ali, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farmer, Sam, Faro, Andre, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazeli, Pooria, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Feroze, Abdullah Hamid, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferreira, Nuno, Fetensa, Getahun, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flavel, Joanne, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Behzad, Foschi, Matteo, Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael, Francis, Kate Louise, Freitas, Alberto, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fux, Blima, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Galali, Yaseen, Gallus, Silvano, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganesan, Balasankar, Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat, Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Garg, Naval, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gazzelloni, Federica, Gbadamosi, Semiu Olatunde, Gebregergis, Miglas W, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremariam, Tesfay Brhane, Gebremariam, Tesfay B B, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Georgescu, Simona Roxana, Gerema, Urge, Geremew, Habtamu, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Gething, Peter W, Ghasemi, MohammadReza, Ghasempour Dabaghi, Ghazal, Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Ghimire, Sailaja, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Ghorbani, Mahsa, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Ghuge, Arun Digambarrao, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Gill, Tiffany K, Giorgi, Matteo, Girmay, Alem, Glasbey, James C, Göbölös, Laszlo, Goel, Amit, Golchin, Ali, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goyal, Anmol, Graham, Simon Matthew, Grivna, Michal, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa, Guicciardi, Stefano, Gulati, Snigdha, Gulisashvili, David, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Cui, Gupta, Anish Kumar, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Manoj Kumar, Gupta, Mohak, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Haakenstad, Annie, Habibzadeh, Farrokh, Hadi, Najah R, Haep, Nils, Hajibeygi, Ramtin, Haller, Sebastian, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamdy, Nadia M, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Han, Qiuxia, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Haque, Md Nuruzzaman, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasan, Mohammad Jahid, Hasan, S.M. Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Ikrama, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Hebert, Jeffrey J, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Mohammad, Helfer, Bartosz, Hemmati, Mehdi, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hessami, Kamran, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Holla, Ramesh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, Hu, Chengxi, Huang, Junjie, Huda, M Mamun, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Javid, Hussein, Nawfal R, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Afrin, Islam, Md. Rabiul, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, Iyer, Mahalaxmi, J, Linda Merin, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacob, Louis, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jaggi, Khushleen, Jahankhani, Kasra, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Akhil, Jain, Nityanand, Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamshidi, Elham, Javadov, Sabzali, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeganathan, Jayakumar, Jha, Anil K, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jiang, Heng, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, K, Vaishali, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Abdulkareem, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Hannaneh, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kaliyadan, Feroze, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamath, Rajesh, Kamath, Sagarika, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kannan S, Suthanthira, Kansal, Sushil Kumar, Kantar, Rami S, Kapoor, Neeti, Karajizadeh, Mehrdad, Karami, Manoochehr, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kassel, Molly B, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kazemi, Foad, Kazeminia, sara, Kempen, John H, Kendal, Evie Shoshannah, Keshtkar, Kamyab, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Anees Ahmed, Khalilian, Alireza, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, Ajmal, Khan, Asaduzzaman, Khan, Ikramullah, Khan, M Nuruzzaman, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Moien AB, Khang, Young-Ho, Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh, Khatab, Khaled, Khavandegar, Armin, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khormali, Moein, Khosravi, Mohammad Ali, Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood, Kidane, Wondwosen Teklesilasie, Kifle, Zemene Demelash, Kim, Julie Sojin, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinzel, Kasey E, Kiross, Girmay Tsegay, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Koren, Gerbrand, Korzh, Oleksii, Kosen, Soewarta, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krishan, Kewal, Krishna, Varun, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kubeisy, Connor M, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuitunen, Ilari, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Harish, Kundu, Satyajit, Kunle, Kunle Rotimi, Kurmi, Om P, Kusnali, Asep, Kusuma, Dian, Kyei, Evans F, Kyriopoulos, Ilias, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Laflamme, Lucie, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lám, Judit, Lamnisos, Demetris, Landires, Iván, Lanfranchi, Francesco, Langguth, Berthold, Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane, Larson, Heidi Jane, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Latief, Kamaluddin, Latifinaibin, Kaveh, Le, Long Khanh Dao, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Le, Trang Diep Thanh, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Yo Han, Lema, Gebretsadik Kiros, Leong, Elvynna, Lerango, Temesgen L, Li, An, Li, Ming-Chieh, Li, Shanshan, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaopan, Ligade, Virendra S, Lim, Stephen S, Lin, Ro-Ting, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Gang, Liu, Jue, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Yuewei, Llanaj, Erand, López-Bueno, Rubén, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorenzovici, László, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lubinda, Jailos, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Lugo, Alessandra, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lv, Hengliang, Ma, Zheng Feei, Maass, Kelsey Lynn, Machoy, Monika, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Majeed, Azeem, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manla, Yosef, Mansoori, Yasaman, Mansour, Ali, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansouri, Zeinab, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marino, Mirko, Marjani, Abdoljalal, Martinez, Gabriel, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martorell, Miquel, Maryam, Sharmeen, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Masoudi, Alireza, Mattumpuram, Jishanth, Maude, Richard James, Maugeri, Andrea, May, Erin A, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mazaheri, Maryam, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McKowen, Anna Laura Wensel, McLaughlin, Susan A, McPhail, Steven M, Mehra, Rahul, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mekene Meto, Tesfahun, Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensah, George A, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Merati, Mohsen, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Abera M, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Metanat, Pouya, Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi, Mettananda, Sachith, Mhlanga, Adquate, Mhlanga, Laurette, Mi, Tianyue, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Georgia, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mirghafourvand, Mojgan, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirutse, Mizan Kiros, Mirza, Moonis, Mirzaei, Roya, Mishra, Ashim, Misra, Sanjeev, Mitchell, Philip B, Mittal, Chaitanya, Moazen, Babak, Mohamed, Abdalla Z, Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mouhand F H, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh, Mohammadi, Soheil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Mustapha, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mokhtarzadehazar, Peyman, Molavi Vardanjani, Hossein, Molinaro, Sabrina, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi, Yousef, Moraga, Paula, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mossialos, Elias, Motappa, Rohith, Mousavi, Parsa, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Muccioli, Lorenzo, Mulita, Francesk, Munjal, Kavita, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Jonah, Musaigwa, Fungai, Musina, Ana-Maria, Muthu, Sathish, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Muzaffar, Muhammad, Myung, Woojae, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naik, Ganesh R, Naik, Gurudatta, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nainu, Firzan, Nangia, Vinay, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Naser, Abdallah Y, Nasiri, Mohammad Javad, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Hadush, Negesse, Chernet Tafere, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejjari, Chakib, Nepal, Samata, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Phuong The, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos, Nikoobar, Ali, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Noreen, Mamoona, Noroozi, Nafise, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Nunemo, Mengistu H, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nurrika, Dieta, Nutor, Jerry John, Oancea, Bogdan, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Odetokun, Ismail A, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, O'Donnell, Martin James, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oguta, James Odhiambo, Oh, In-Hwan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, 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Sergeevich, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Meixin, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zou, Zhiyong, Zyoud, Samer H, Murray, Christopher J L, Smith, Amanda E, and Vollset, Stein Emil

Abstract

Accurate assessments of current and future fertility—including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions—are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios.

Published
2024
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3. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ong, Kanyin Liane, Stafford, Lauryn K, McLaughlin, Susan A, Boyko, Edward J, Vollset, Stein Emil, Smith, Amanda E, Dalton, Bronte E, Duprey, Joe, Cruz, Jessica A, Hagins, Hailey, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abate, Melsew Dagne, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abedi, Vida, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Agarwal, Gina, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alemi, Sharifullah, Ali, Hassam, Alinia, Tahereh, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansar, Adnan, Ansari, Golnoosh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Arifin, Hidayat, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Aryan, Zahra, Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Askari, Elaheh, Asmelash, Daniel, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awaisu, Ahmed, Azadnajafabad, Sina, B, Darshan B, Babamohamadi, Hassan, Badar, Muhammad, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bah, Sulaiman, Bahadory, Saeed, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Baradaran, Hamid Reza, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Barengo, Noel C, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Hamideh, Basiru, Afisu, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Batra, Kavita, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Belo, Luis, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Faiq, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bitra, Veera R, Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna, Bodolica, Virginia, Boloor, Archith, Brauer, Michael, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Calina, Daniela, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Yin, Cao, Chao, Car, Josip, Carvalho, Márcia, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Kirti, Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad, Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw, Chen, Simiao, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chidambaram, Saravana Babu, Cho, William C S, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Coberly, Kaleb, Columbus, Alyssa, Contreras, Daniela, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Cuschieri, Sarah, Dabo, Bashir, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Das, Saswati, Dascalu, Ana Maria, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, Debele, Gebiso Roba, Delpasand, Kourosh, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Deng, Xinlei, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deo, Salil V, Dervišević, Emina, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Dessie, Anteneh Mengist, Desta, Fikreab, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dey, Sourav, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Dinu, Monica, Diress, Mengistie, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dongarwar, Deepa, dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter, Duncan, Bruce B, Dutta, Siddhartha, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endeshaw, Destaw, Esayas, Hawi Leul, Eshetu, Habitu Birhan, Etaee, Farshid, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Falahi, Shahab, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fazli, Ghazal, Feng, Xiaoqi, Ferede, Tomas Y, Fischer, Florian, Flood, David, Forouhari, Ali, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galali, Yaseen, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Guan, Shi-Yang, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Kartik, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gyawali, Bishal, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadi, Najah R, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Hajibeygi, Ramtin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Shafiul, Harandi, Hamid, Harlianto, Netanja I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasan, Syed Shahzad, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Haubold, Johannes, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hessami, Kamran, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Md Shakhaoat, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Huang, Junjie, Huda, Md Nazmul, Hussain, Salman, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Afrin, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Iyasu, Assefa N, Jacob, Louis, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Rajesh, Jaja, Chinwe, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Janakiraman, Balamurugan, Jayanna, Krishnamurthy, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jin, Yinzi, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin, Joseph, Abel, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kandel, Himal, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karkhah, Samad, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kaur, Navjot, Kazemian, Sina, Kebede, Sewnet Adem, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ajmal, Khanal, Saval, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Amir M, Khateri, Sorour, khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Biruk Getahun, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Komaki, Somayeh, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Korzh, Oleksii, Kostev, Karel, Kothari, Nikhil, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Harish, Kundu, Satyajit, Kurniasari, Maria Dyah, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lallukka, Tea, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Latief, Kamaluddin, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Le, Trang Thi Bich, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Seung Won, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Yongze, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Lim, Lee-Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Chaojie, Lo, Chun-Han, Lopes, Graciliana, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mai, Anh Tuan, Majeed, Azeem, Majma Sanaye, Pantea, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Mansouri, Borhan, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mardi, Parham, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Masoudi, Reza, Masoudi, Sahar, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maugeri, Andrea, Mazzaglia, Giampiero, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mini, GK, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Awoke, Misgina, Kebede Haile, Mishra, Manish, Moazen, Babak, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mohsen, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohseni, Alireza, Mojiri-forushani, Hoda, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moniruzzaman, Md, Mons, Ute, Montazeri, Fateme, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mossialos, Elias, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Mulita, Admir, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mwita, Julius C, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nangia, Vinay, Nargus, Shumaila, Naser, Abdallah Y, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nizam, Muhammad A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noreen, Mamoona, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Oancea, Bogdan, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Ojha, Vivek Anand, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Okwute, Patrick Godwin, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Ashok, Pandey, Anamika, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Parekh, Utsav, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Jay, Patel, Jenil R, Paudel, Uttam, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Marcos, Perico, Norberto, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Podder, Vivek, Postma, Maarten J, Pourali, Ghazaleh, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Qattea, Ibrahim, Raee, Pourya, Rafique, Ibrar, Rahimi, Mehran, Rahimifard, Mahban, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahmani, Mohamed, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rahnavard, Niloufar, Rajbhandari, Bibek, Ram, Pradhum, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Juwel, Rancic, Nemanja, Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz, Rao, Chythra R, Rapaka, Deepthi, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rengasamy, Kannan RR, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rias, Yohanes Andy, Riaz, Muhammad, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roustazadeh, Abazar, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sabzmakan, Leila, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safi, Sare, Safi, Sher Zaman, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Harihar, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salahi, Saina, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Mohammad Amin, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Sargazi, Saman, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Schlaich, Markus P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schuermans, Art, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaghat, Tahereh, Shafeghat, Melika, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shahid, Samiah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri, Fereshteh, Shuval, Kerem, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solikhah, Solikhah, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Somayaji, Ranjani, Sorensen, Reed J D, Starodubova, Antonina V, Sujata, Sujata, Suleman, Muhammad, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taki, Elahe, Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesler, Riki, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapa, Rajshree, Tharwat, Samar, Thomas, Nihal, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, Tufa, Derara Girma, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ullah, Sana, Upadhyay, Era, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Verma, Madhur verma, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vo, Danh Cao, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Ziyue, Wang, Yanqing, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wei, Melissa Y Wei, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wu, YiFan, Wulandari, Ratna DWI, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yada, Dereje Y, Yang, Lin, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yi, Siyan, Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zare, Iman, Zarea, Kourosh, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Jingjing, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Magliano, Dianna J, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Vos, Theo

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050.

Published
2023
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4. Avoiding a Central Asian Water War: Challenges and Opportunities for Cooperation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Author

Hessami, Elizabeth B.

Abstract

Abstract:Water is a precious commodity in Central Asia—perhaps the most precious—as the climate warms and severe droughts are ever-present in this part of the world. The stage for conflict seems set between Iran and Afghanistan as historical tensions and current climate realities converge in one of the driest parts of the world. The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Afghanistan) is currently experiencing widespread food insecurity. Twenty million Afghans do not have sufficient food supplies (a conservative estimate) and six million are (according to the UN) thought to be at risk of famine. Poor water governance, incapacity to respond to climate events, and increasing populations in Central Asia demanding ever more water are exacerbating tensions. But natural resources can also be an impetus for peacebuilding, especially because neither Iran nor Afghanistan can afford a wide-spread conflict. This article will explore the water-based issues between the two nations, the relative successes and failures of the Afghan-Iranian Helmand River Water Treaty (Helmand Treaty), and the challenges to maintaining peace in the region. Afghanistan’s right to develop has been stymied by more than four decades of near-continuous armed conflict. But its hydropower development must be tempered by Iran’s right not to be harmed by Afghanistan’s development of water infrastructure. Tensions are high. “Water diplomacy” and other peacebuilding measures are key to avoiding further armed conflict.

Published
2023

5. Time Constraints on the Late Cenozoic Fault Evolution Along the Northern Margin of the Iranian Plateau in the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone

Author

Khodaparast, Sedigheh, Madanipour, Saeed, Enkelmann, Eva, Hessami, Khaled, and Nozaem, Reza

Abstract

The collisional Iranian Plateau and its recent kinematic evolution represent a natural example to study the intraplate response to the transferred deformation from an active convergent plate margin. The late Cenozoic deformation and structural evolution of the Plateau is not well understood. Here, we integrate structural, tectonostratigraphic, and morphotectonic field observations with low‐temperature thermochronometric data along the NW‐SE trending Kushk‐e‐Nosrat (KN) Fault to unravel the exhumation history and the kinematic change at the northwestern boundary of the Iranian Plateau. We found different sets of strike‐slip related structures along the KN Fault zone, which are classified into four categories based on their cross‐cutting relations and the superimposition of kinematic indicators. These include dextral transtension, dextral, dextral transpression, and sinistral kinematics. The unreset zircon (U‐Th)/He and apatite fission track results and the reset apatite (U‐Th)/He data from the restraining area along the KN Fault suggest 80–60°C of cooling during the early Miocene (∼20–18 Ma) and late Miocene–early Pliocene (∼7–5 Ma) due to dextral and dextral transpressional kinematics along the KN Fault zone, respectively. The dextral transtentional faulting was recorded as deposition of the Qom Formation within the releasing overlap areas along the KN Fault at >20–18 Ma. The kinematics of the KN Fault changed to sinistral during Pliocene–Quaternary times presumably triggered by the simultaneous clockwise rotation of central Iran, Alborz Mountains, and the South Caspian block. Our study proposes that the morphological and tectonostratigraphic evolution of the northern margin of the Iranian Plateau has mainly been controlled through local uplift and exhumation in restraining areas and local thick deposition in releasing areas of the major strike‐slip faults during the late Cenozoic time. The collision between Arabia and Eurasia caused not only deformation at the collision front but also hundreds of kilometers far away in the plate's interior. This collisional process led to the formation of the highly elevated Iranian Plateau. In this study, we investigate the deformation history along the northern margin of the plateau, which is characterized by large strike‐slip faults. We present new data collected in the field along the >150 km long Kushk‐e‐Nosrat Fault Zone to reveal the various changes in strike‐slip deformation. Combined with new thermochronology data, we reveal four stages of faulting: dextral transtension, dextral, dextral transpression, and sinistral motion from the late Eocene to recent times. We can link these changes in deformation with the large‐scale tectonics of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision that underwent changes in the direction of plate motions and plate rotations relative to each other. The Northern Iranian Plateau margin experienced dextral transtension, dextral, dextral transpression, and sinistral kinematics during the late CenozoicDextral and dextral transpression kinematics occurred at ∼20–18 Ma and ∼7–5 Ma, respectivelyUplift and exhumation in the NW Iranian Plateau margin focused on restraining areas along major faults during the late Cenozoic time The Northern Iranian Plateau margin experienced dextral transtension, dextral, dextral transpression, and sinistral kinematics during the late Cenozoic Dextral and dextral transpression kinematics occurred at ∼20–18 Ma and ∼7–5 Ma, respectively Uplift and exhumation in the NW Iranian Plateau margin focused on restraining areas along major faults during the late Cenozoic time

Published
2024
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6. Prenatal ultrasonographic markers for prediction of complex gastroschisis and adverse perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Sun, Raphael C, Hessami, Kamran, Krispin, Eyal, Pammi, Mohan, Mostafaei, Shayan, Joyeux, Luc, Deprest, Jan, Keswani, Sundeep, Lee, Timothy C, King, Alice, Belfort, Michael A, and Shamshirsaz, Alireza A

Abstract

ObjectiveWe sought to perform a meta-analysis of the predictive value of antenatal ultrasonographic markers of bowel dilation, gastric dilation, polyhydramnios and abdominal circumference that predict complex gastroschisis and adverse perinatal outcomesData sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched for relevant articles up to December 2020. Studies reporting prenatal ultrasonographic markers including intra-abdominal bowel dilation (IABD), extra-abdominal bowel dilation (EABD), bowel wall thickness, polyhydramnios, abdominal circumference <5th percentile, gastric dilation (GD) and bowel dilation not otherwise specified (BD-NOS) were included. The primary outcome was prediction of complex gastroschisis; secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay for newborn, time to full enteral feeding, postnatal mortality rate, incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and short bowel syndrome.ResultsThirty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found significant associations between complex gastroschisis and IABD (OR=5.42; 95% CI 3.24 to 9.06), EABD (OR=2.27; 95% CI 1.40 to 3.66), BD-NOS (OR=6.27; 95% CI 1.97 to 19.97), GD (OR=1.88; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.92) and polyhydramnios (OR=6.93; 95% CI 3.39 to 14.18). Second trimester IABD and EABD have greater specificity for the prediction of complex gastroschisis than third trimester values with specificity of 95.6% (95% CI 58.1 to 99.7) and 94.6% (95% CI 86.7 to 97.9) for the second trimester IABD and EABD, respectively.ConclusionPrenatal ultrasonographic markers, especially the second trimester IABD and EABD, can identify fetuses that develop complex gastroschisis. Furthermore, these specific ultrasonographic markers can identify those babies at the highest risk for severe complications of this congenital anomaly and hence selected for future antenatal interventions.

Published
2022
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7. A prospective cohort study on association of first-trimester serum biomarkers and risk of isolated foetal congenital heart defects

Author

Hematian, Mohammad Nasir, Hessami, Kamran, Torabi, Shirin, Saleh, Maasoumeh, Nouri, Behnaz, and Saleh, Mahboubeh

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess the association between first-trimester biomarkers in foetuses with a non-chromosomal congenital heart defect (CHD) and compares it to the matched healthy foetuses.MethodNuchal Translucency (NT), Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) were evaluated in 56 isolated foetal heart defects and 224 controls. The CHDs were further divided into Critical CHD (C-CHD) and Non-critical CHD (N-CHD) groups.ResultsThe multiple of the median (MoM) values for PAPP-A were significantly lower (0.87 MoM vs. 0.92 MoM; p = 0.008) in the total CHD group than in controls. The median of foetal NT values was significantly higher in the total CHDs than in controls (1.16 MoM vs. 1.03 MoM; p < 0.001), especially for C-CHDs (1.28 MoM; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in terms of PAPP-A (p = 0.779) and foetal NT values (p = 0.760) between the N-CHDs and control groups. There were no significant differences within the groups based on free β-hCG, except for a lower β-hCG in C-CHD group than in the control group (0.95 MoM vs. 1.11 MoM; p = 0.022).ConclusionLower PAPP-A levels and increased NT thickness were associated with an increased risk of CHDs, especially the critical type of CHDs.Clinical significanceMaternal serum PAPP-A, measured in the first trimester, is significantly lower in CHD.Foetal NT is significantly thicker in foetuses with CHD, especially those with critical CHD.Maternal serum β-hCG was only decreased among critical CHD group.

Published
2021
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8. Gestational diabetes mellitus and inflammatory biomarkers of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Hessami, Kamran, Tabrizi, Reza, Homayoon, Nahid, Hashemi, Atefe, Heydari, Seyed Taghi, and Pourhoseini, Seyedeh Azam

Abstract

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between two inflammatory biomarkers of neutrophil -lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods and materialsSystematic search was performed up to June 2020 in databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar. The random-effects model was utilised to combine the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOut of a total of 849 articles, sixteen studies were eligible. Our findings indicated higher NLR (WMD = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.71) and PLR (WMD = 8.22, 95% CI: −0.50, 16.94) values in pregnancies diagnosed with GDM compared with non-GDM control pregnancies. However, the difference in PLR value did not reach a statistically significant level (Z = 1.85, p = 0.065). In meta-regression analysis, we found no significant influence of total sample size [for NLR (B= −0.0, p = 0.13), for PLR (B= −0.02, p = 0.55)] and publication year [for NLR (B= −0.02, p = 0.61), for PLR (B = 0.89, p = 0.75)] on association between NLR and PLR with GDM.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis is the first, to our knowledge, to show that NLR value is significantly associated with GDM. However, PLR showed no significant association with GDM.

Published
2021
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9. Indigenizing the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

Author

Hessami, Mateen A., Bowles, Ella, Popp, Jesse N., and Ford, Adam T.

Abstract

Although a diversity of approaches to wildlife management persists in Canada and the United States of America, the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation (NAM) is a prevailing model for state, provincial, and federal agencies. The success of the NAM is both celebrated and refuted amongst scholars, with most arguing that a more holistic approach is needed. Colonial rhetoric permeates each of the NAM’s constituent tenets—yet, beyond these cultural and historical problems are the NAM’s underlying conservation values. In many ways, these values share common ground with various Indigenous worldviews. For example, the idea of safeguarding wildlife for future generations, utilizing best available knowledge to solve problems, prioritizing collaboration between nations, and democratizing the process of conserving wildlife all overlap in the many ways that the NAM and common models of Indigenous-led conservation are operationalized. Working to identify shared visions and address necessary amendments of the NAM will advance reconciliation, both in the interest of nature and society. Here, we identify the gaps and linkages between the NAM and Indigenous-led conservation efforts across Canada. We impart a revised NAM—the Indigenizing North American Model of Wildlife Conservation (I-NAM)—that interweaves various Indigenous worldviews and conservation practice from across Canada. We emphasize that the I-NAM should be a continuous learning process that seeks to update and coexist with the NAM, but not replace Indigenous-led conservation.

Published
2021
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10. Levels of Uncertainty in Infrastructure Asset Management

Author

Hessami, Amir R., Anderson, Stuart D., and Smith, Roger E.

Abstract

The management of infrastructure assets is often challenged by uncertain factors such as changing weather trends and usage patterns. To reliably maintain the assets above a specified level of service, the extent of this uncertainty should be identified, and adequate methods for analyzing the risk factors should be implemented. The analysis of risk is well-defined in the field of strategic management. In the current study, four levels of uncertainty that are widely discussed in strategic management were used as a benchmark to determine the levels of uncertainty in infrastructure asset management. These levels range from known issues, to statistically predictable factors, to complete indeterminacy. The current methods of treating uncertainty in infrastructure asset management were reviewed to determine how they overlap with the four levels of uncertainty and whether or not asset managers handle this uncertainty in an optimal fashion. The current approaches in asset management were found to be primarily deterministic and probabilistic. A shortcoming was found in regard to the incorporation of risk analysis into asset management planning for large-scale networks. The researchers concluded that the level of uncertainty present in asset management at the network planning level can be best described as a range and addressed through the use of representative scenarios within that range.

Published
2021
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13. Effects of Diacerein Intake on Cardiometabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Author

Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Peyman, Tabrizi, Reza, Jalali, Mohammad, Jamali, Navid, Rezaei, Shahla, Hessami, Kamran, Keshavarz, Pedram, Shahabi, Saeed, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Carson‐Chahhoud, Kristin, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, and Safiri, Saeid

Abstract

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials were undertaken toevaluate the effect of diacerein intake on cardiometabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 31 July 2019. Statisticalheterogeneity was evaluated using Cochrans Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooledusing random-effects models and weighted mean difference (WMD).Results: From 1,733 citations, seven clinical trials were eligible for inclusion and meta-analysis. Asignificant reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD -0.73; 95%CI -1.25 to -0.21; P= 0.006; I2=72.2%) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD -0.55; 95%CI -1.03 to -0.07; P= 0.026; I2= 9.5%) was identified.However, no significant effect of diacerein intake was identified on fasting blood sugar (FBS)(WMD -9.00; 95%CI -22.57 to 4.57; P= 0.194; I2= 60.5%), homeostatic model assessment for insulinresistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD 0.39; 95%CI -0.95 to 1.73; P= 0.569; I2= 2.2%), body weight (WMD -0.54; 95%CI -1.10 to 0.02; P= 0.059), triglycerides (WMD -0.56; 95%CI -24.16 to 23.03; P= 0.963; I2=0.0%), total-cholesterol (WMD -0.21; 95%CI -12.19 to 11.78; P= 0.973; I2= 0.0%), HDL-cholesterol(WMD -0.96; 95%CI -2.85 to 0.93; P= 0.321; I2= 0.0%), and LDL-cholesterol levels (WMD -0.09;95%CI -8.43 to 8.25; P= 0.983; I2= 37.8%).Conclusion: Diacerein intake may reduce HbA1c and BMI; however, no evidence of the effect was observedfor FBS, HOMA-IR, body weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or LDLcholesterol.

Published
2021
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15. Perioperative Opioid Dispensing and Persistent Use After Benign Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Hessami, Kamran, Welch, Jennifer, Frost, Anja, AlAshqar, Abdelrahman, Arian, Sara E., Gough, Ethan, and Borahay, Mostafa A.

Abstract

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol2022; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.12.015Between 1999 and 2019, the opioid epidemic claimed the lives of nearly 250,000 individuals in the United States. Many patients first opioid prescription is dispensed in a surgical setting, and hysterectomy is the second most common surgical procedure in women.

Published
2023
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16. Fetal Reduction of Triplet Pregnancies to Twins vs Singletons: A Meta-analysis of Survival and Pregnancy Outcome

Author

Hessami, Kamran, Evans, Mark I., Nassr, Ahmed A., Espinoza, Jimmy, Donepudi, Roopali V., Sanz Cortes, Magdalena, Krispin, Eyal, Mostafaei, Shayan, Belfort, Michael A., and Shamshirsaz, Alireza A.

Abstract

Fetal reduction (FR) for higher-order multiples accounted for 103.6 per 100,00 births across the United States in 2015, and the need for this service has expanded over the last 30 years. Despite improvements in neonatal care, triplet pregnancies are more likely to experience adverse outcomes, including infant mortality and morbidity, than twin or singleton pregnancies. In triplet pregnancies, prematurity is associated with an 11-fold increase and low birth weight with a 2.2-fold increase in infant deaths compared with singleton and twin prematurity pregnancies. This contributes to higher all-cause healthcare expenses for triplet pregnancies (US $407,000) versus singleton pregnancies (US $21,500). Fetal reduction has been shown to improve outcomes, including a lower risk of premature birth, in triplet pregnancies reduced to twins compared with triplet pregnancies with no FR. Another study found improved outcomes when triplet pregnancies were reduced to singleton or twin pregnancies versus expectant management. However, it remains unclear whether FR in triplet pregnancies to singleton pregnancy (RTS) improved outcomes compared with a reduction to twin pregnancies (RTT). The aim of this study was to compare perinatal outcomes and survival rates of RTS pregnancies versus RTT pregnancies, and FR in any triplet pregnancies versus expectant management.This was a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a literature search for studies with data comparing selective RTT and RTS pregnancies. Excluded were studies with multiple pregnancies >3 fetuses, monochorionic triplets, and missing data. The primary outcome was the rate of fetal survival of RTT and RTS pregnancies, defined as a live birth >24 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes included gestational age (GA) at birth, birth weight, incidence of preterm birth, early pregnancy loss at <24 weeks, and neonatal death, up to 28 days after birth.A total of 10 studies directly comparing RTT pregnancies with RTS pregnancies and another 10 studies comparing FR with no FR were included in the analysis. The studies represented 1903 RTT pregnancies and 489 RTS pregnancies. There was a significantly lower survival rate among RTT pregnancies versus RTS pregnancies (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.92; 95% prediction interval [PI], 0.36–1.03; P= 0.02; I2= 0%). There was a comparable risk of early pregnancy loss (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.58–1.38; 95% PI, 0.54–1.48; P= 0.61; I2= 0%) and neonatal death (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.10–3.21; P= 0.55; I2= 28%). RTT pregnancies had significantly lower GA (mean difference, −2.20; 95% CI, −2.80 to −1.61; 95% PI, −4.27 to −0.14; P< 0.001; I2= 79%) and lower birth rates (OR, 8.76; 95% CI, 5.56–13.80; 95% PI, 4.60–16.67; P< 0.001; I2= 0%) than RTS pregnancies. RTT pregnancies also had a greater risk of preterm birth at <34 weeks (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.45–6.36; 95% PI, 0.54–17.18; P= 0.003; I2= 22%) and at <32 weeks (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.02–4.49; 95% PI, 0.64–7.13; P= 0.04; I2= 0%). No difference in live birth rate was observed between RTT pregnancies and expectant management.In conclusion, triplet pregnancies RTS pregnancies had better outcomes than RTT pregnancies, including higher fetal survival rate, higher GA at birth, lower risk of preterm birth, and higher birth weight. Understanding the potential risks and benefits of FR in triplet pregnancies is essential for obstetricians providing parental counseling.

Published
2023
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17. Cost–effectiveness of overactive bladder treatments: from the US payer perspective

Author

Murray, Brian, Hessami, Sam H, Gultyaev, Dmitry, Lister, Johanna, Dmochowski, Roger, Gillard, Kristin Khalaf, Stanisic, Sanja, Tung, Amy, Boer, Robert, and Kaplan, Steven

Abstract

Aim:To assess the cost–effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA), implantable sacral nerve stimulation devices, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, anticholinergic medications and mirabegron compared with best supportive care (BSC) for management of refractory overactive bladder (OAB). Methods:A Markov model was developed to compare the cost–effectiveness of treatment options with BSC over a 10-year time horizon. Resource utilization, discontinuation rates and costs were derived from unpublished and published sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost–effectiveness ratios were reported. Results:Treatment with onabotA 100U produced the largest gain in QALYs (7.179) and lowest estimated incremental cost–effectiveness ratio ($32,680/QALY) of all assessed treatments compared with BSC. Conclusion:Compared with BSC, onabotA 100U was the most cost-effective treatment option for patients with refractory OAB.

Published
2019
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19. Prediction of groundwater level fluctuations in steady and unsteady state conditions using PMWIN in Rayen Aquifer, Iran

Author

Amiri, Fatemeh, Barani, Gholam-abbas, Kermani, Masoud Reza Hessami, Tayebiyan, Aida, Sabahi, Rasoul, and Malakootian, Mohammad

Abstract

Groundwater is the major sources of water supply around the world. In arid regions like Rayen aquifer in Iran, groundwater is the main resource of irrigation, while the extraction volume is daily increasing due to population growth and drought. On the other hand, low average rainfall adds extra pressure on groundwater. Continuous extraction annually decreases the water table up to 1.1 m, so applying appropriate management is necessary for this aquifer. Accordingly, The Processing MODFLOW for windows (PMWIN) model was calibrated and validated using observed wells data (2001–2010) in steady and unsteady state conditions to simulate and predict the water level. Results showed that there is a strong correlation between observed and simulated data. Simulation output is firstly used to estimate hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. Then, the water levels in the next 4 years are predicted by current exploitation and in next 8 years will be predicted by 20% increase in water extraction. Results showed a sharp decline in the future water levels, which lead to destroy of the aquifer. Thereafter, three scenarios were studied based on discharge reduction up to 10%, 20%, and 30% to restore the aquifer to balance. Results showed that the aquifer could be saved by 30% reduction in groundwater discharge for future consumers.

Published
2019
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20. Bioethanol production from agarophyte red seaweed, Gelidium elegans, using a novel sample preparation method for analysing bioethanol content by gas chromatography

Author

Hessami, Mohammad, Cheng, Sit, Ambati, Ranga, Yin, Yeong, and Phang, Siew

Abstract

In this study, Gelidium elegansis investigated for ethanol production. A combination of factors including different temperatures, acid concentration and incubation time was evaluated to determine the suitable saccharification conditions. The combination of 2.5% (w/v) H2SO4at 120 °C for 40 min was selected for hydrolysis of the seaweed biomass, followed by purification, and fermentation to yield ethanol. The galactose and glucose were dominant reducing sugars in the G. eleganshydrolysate and under optimum condition of dilute acid hydrolysis, 39.42% of reducing sugars was produced and fermentation resulted in ethanol concentration of 13.27 ± 0.47 g/L. A modified method was evaluated for sample preparation for gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the ethanol content. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile and iso-butanol precipitated dissolved organic residues and reduced water content in GC samples at least by 90%. Results showed that this method could be successfully used for bioethanol production from seaweed.

Published
2019
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21. Care Leavers’ records: a case for a Repurposed Archive Continuum Model

Author

Frings-Hessami, Viviane

Abstract

AbstractThe historical records created by Australian child welfare agencies were never intended to be released to the children after they left ‘care’. They were administrative records that were compiled for the agencies’ own use, not to meet the needs of the children or their adult selves. What happened after records were released to Care Leavers and reused by them is not what the agencies intended to happen. The author argues that this cannot be adequately mapped onto the Records Continuum Model and proposes a Repurposed Archive Continuum Model to represent the processes involved when Care Leavers are attempting to access their records.

Published
2018
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22. Comparing Vitamin D Level Between Patients with Psoriasis and Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Damiani, Giovanni, Khademloo, Mohammad, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Nabinezhad-Male, Fatemeh, and Hessami, Amirhossein

Abstract

Background Psoriasis is nowadays regarded as a systemic inflammatory disorder. Among the topicals, vitamin D derivates are often applied on the skin for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. Vitamin D serum levels in psoriasis (PsO) patients are still debated and an eventual depletion may offer the rational to integrate anti-psoriatic therapies with oral vitamin D. Then, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current evidence towards serum vitamin D level in PsO.Methods We searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, ScienceDirect and Science Information Database (SID) using the terms “Vitamin D” and “Psoriasis” including manuscripts in English, Italian and Persian. Duplications were excluded using EndNote software and records were screened by title, abstract and full-text. Quality assessment of studies was assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Checklist (NOS). Psoriasis odds ratio (OR) and mean serum vitamin D levels were calculated and displayed in Forest-plots. Heterogeneity indexes were evaluated using I2and Q. Sensitivity analysis and publication biases were also considered.Results From 3006 records extracted, after removing duplicates and analyzing full texts we finally included 19 manuscripts involving a total of 1387 PsO cases and 6939 controls. PsO patients exhibited a substantial odds ratio (3.07, 95% CI: 1.56-6.04) for lower serum vitamin D levels compared to the control group. Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of vitamin D in PsO versus controls was −0.92 (−1.33 to −0.51).Conclusion Psoriatic patients displayed higher risk to have a vitamin D deficiency. Interventional studies to verify the preventive value are mandatory.

Published
2023
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23. RATIONAL APPROXIMATIONS TO VALUES OF BELL POLYNOMIALS AT POINTS INVOLVING EULER’S CONSTANT AND ZETA VALUES

Author

HESSAMI PILEHROOD, KH. and HESSAMI PILEHROOD, T.

Abstract

AbstractIn this paper we present new explicit simultaneous rational approximations which converge subexponentially to the values of the Bell polynomials at the points \[ (\gamma , 1! (2a+1)\zeta (2), 2!\zeta (3), \ldots , (m-1)!(a+1+(-1)^ma)\zeta (m)) \]where m=1,2,…,a, a∈ℕ, γis Euler’s constant and ζis the Riemann zeta function.

Published
2012
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24. Rational approximations to values of the digamma function and a conjecture on denominators

Author

Hessami Pilehrood, T. and Hessami Pilehrood, Kh.

Abstract

Abstract: We explicitly construct rational approximations to the numbers ln(b) − ψ(a + 1), where ψ is the logarithmic derivative of the Euler gamma function. We prove formulas expressing the numerators and the denominators of the approximations in terms of hypergeometric sums. This generalizes the Aptekarev construction of rational approximations for the Euler constant γ. As a consequence, we obtain rational approximations for the numbers π/2 ± γ. The proposed construction is compared with rational Rivoal approximations for the numbers γ + ln(b). We verify assumptions put forward by Rivoal on the denominators of rational approximations to the numbers γ + ln(b) and on the general denominators of simultaneous approximations to the numbers γ and ζ(2) − γ 2.

Published
2011
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25. Radiofrequency Ablation and Intrauterine Transfusion in a Delayed Diagnosed Acardiac Twin Pregnancy

Author

Rahimi-Sharbaf, Fatemeh, Shirazi, Mahboobeh, Hessami, Kamran, Saleh, Maasoumeh, Golshahi, Fatemeh, Saeedi, Sara, Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Abolfazl, Houra Mousavi Vahed, Seyede, Nouri, Behnaz, and Sahebdel, Behrokh

Abstract

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence or acardiac twin is a rare and severe complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies. Acardiac twin accounts for 10% of all TRAP sequences, which is the most morphologically developed acardius. We present an undiagnosed TRAP sequence case up to 24 weeks of gestation who underwent successful amnioreduction, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and intrauterine transfusion (IUT). During follow-up, hydrops of surviving co-twin disappeared, and fetal heart function improved. Finally, a healthy girl weighing 2400 g was born at 36 weeks of gestation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported acardiac twin pregnancy, which requires IUT, in addition to RFA, due to late diagnosis. Therefore, this case report presents successful management options for TRAP sequence cases diagnosed late in pregnancy.

Published
2023
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28. Irrationality of the sums of zeta values

Author

Hessami Pilehrood, T. and Hessami Pilehrood, Kh.

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, we establish a lower bound for the dimension of the vector spaces spanned over ℚ by 1 and the sums of the values of the Riemann zeta function at even and odd points. As a consequence, we obtain numerical results on the irrationality and linear independence of the sums of zeta values at even and odd points from a given interval of the positive integers.

Published
2006
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29. Lower bounds for linear forms in values of polylogarithms

Author

Hessami Pilehrood, T. and Hessami Pilehrood, H.

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we use Hermite-Padé approximations of the second kind to obtain a lower bound for the absolute value of a linear form, with integer coefficients, in values of polylogarithmic functions at a rational point. This estimate takes into account the growth of all coefficients of the linear form.

Published
2005
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30. An Approach Toward a Conceptual Collaborative Framework Based on a Case Study in a Wood Supply Chain

Author

Shahriari, Kyarash, Hessami, Ali G., Jadidi, Amaneh, and Lehoux, Nadia

Abstract

To face the current economic context and better respond to market demand, many companies have started creating collaborations with different organizations inside and outside their supply chain. The objective is to have a greater visibility over supply chain operations, decision making and planning with positive impacts on the productivity and performance. In this paper, a collaborative framework is proposed to improve the business competitiveness of supply chains. Different dimensions including business and marketing, interfirm collaborative aspects, and quality and conformity in this framework are taken into account. Competence as an encompassing factor for human aspect to implement and operate the proposed framework is also scrutinized. All stated dimensions are then put together under one umbrella and implemented within a decision support system using online analytical processing database. The wood industry in Quebec North Shore region is chosen as an example of a supply chain and the case study throughout this paper.

Published
2015
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33. Recordkeeping issues arising from the public hearings of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

Author

Hessami, Viviane

Abstract

The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was set up in January 2013 to investigate child sexual abuse in institutional contexts and to focus its recommendations on addressing systemic issues. Recordkeeping issues are at the core of the problems that institutions face when dealing with child sexual abuse although the Royal Commission did not address them systematically in 2013–14. The present article analyses the recordkeeping issues that arose in the public hearings held by the Royal Commission up to October 2014. It shows that recordkeeping issues that appeared in different contexts provide evidence of critical failures in the recordkeeping systems of the institutions under study. It then highlights three implications for professional practice: the need for the professional associations to step up and advocate for a hearing on recordkeeping issues, the importance of putting in place appropriate systems to preserve the records of the Royal Commission, and the need to raise awareness about the complexity of the recordkeeping issues in the institutions that deal with out-of-home care and to develop recordkeeping systems that better meet the needs of the children in care and that support the prevention, detection, reporting and prosecution of child abuse.

Published
2015
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35. Identification and prioritisation of effective factors on CRM implementation: a case study of insurance industry in Iran

Author

Hessami, Farokh

Abstract

This case study evaluates the effective factors on CRM implementation in AIC. For this purpose, four factors including technology, process, people and organisational structure were extracted from different models. Participants included experts working in AIC branches. Results were obtained by a questionnaire evaluating the effective factors on CRM implementation in AIC. According to the results, the lowest score belonged to organisational structure; therefore, organisational structure was the most important and the most sensitive factor followed by people, technology and process, respectively.

Published
2015
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36. The Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation on Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Gardner, Timothy B., Hessami, Nigeen, Smith, Kerrington D., Ripple, Gregory H., Barth, Richard J., Klibansky, David A., Colacchio, Thomas A., Zaki, Bassem, Tsapakos, Michael J., Suriawinata, Arief A., Putra, Juan, Tsongalis, Gregory J., Mody, Kabir, Gordon, Stuart R., and Pipas, J. Marc

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus (PaCDM) occurs in approximately 50 of patients. In patients with new-onset PaCDM undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy before surgical resection, we hypothesized that pancreatic tumor destruction would lead to improvement in fasting glucose levels.

Published
2014
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37. Antibodies Against Deamidated Gliadin Peptides and Tissue Transglutaminase for Diagnosis of Pediatric Celiac Disease

Author

Olen, Ola, Gudjónsdóttir, Audur H., Browaldh, Lars, Hessami, Mozaffar, Elvin, Kerstin, Liedberg, Ann-Sofie, Neovius, Martin, and Grahnquist, Lena

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate diagnostic performance and actual costs in clinical practice of immumoglobulin (Ig)GIgA deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (DGP) as a complement to IgA antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG) for the diagnosis of pediatric celiac disease (CD).

Published
2012
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38. Cretaceous sequence of deformation in the SE Zagros fold-thrust belt.

Author

FARAHPOUR, MOHAMMAD M. and HESSAMI, KHALED

Subjects
*CRETACEOUS Period, *ROCK deformation, *THRUST belts (Geology), *OROGENY
Abstract

Several major zones across the Zagros fold-thrust belt have been interpreted as indicating that orogeny took place progressively from NE to SW through discrete orogenic episodes during Tertiary time. This paper uses field evidence of growth onlaps and angular unconformities within the Cretaceous stratigraphic column as well as existing geological maps and cross-sections to indicate that deformation started as early as the Late Aptian and folded the whole width of the Zagros belt simultaneously. Later events are indicated by folding at the end of the Cenomanian, and in the Late Turonian and Santonian. Following the Late Cretaceous deformation phases, the SE Zagros basin was divided into several longitudinal intra-shelf basins, which were separated by NW-SE-trending Cretaceous anticlines. However, with reference to our previous work, it can be suggested that each of the sub-basins was folded serially from NE to SW through a series of tectonic phases during the next episode of Zagros orogeny in Tertiary time. The change of deformation style from concomitant to serial folding, during the Cretaceous and Tertiary respectively, is attributed to the existence of the Hormuz Salt and shearing at the base of the former basin and its absence at the base of the Tertiary intra-shelf basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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39. Integrated geophysical methods for determining geometry of the Kahrizak Fault, Tehran, Iran

Author

Azadi, Asghar, Hessami, Khaled, and Javan-Doloei, Gholam

Abstract

Abstract: Historical studies and geologic investigations show that the Kahrizak fault located at the southern foot of the central Alborz Mountains poses a high seismic risk for the Tehran region. However, little is known about the geometry and mechanism of movement along this seismogenic fault. This paper uses three different geophysical methods namely, seismic refraction, electrical resistivity and magnetic techniques to investigate geometry and sense of motion across the Kahrizak fault in southern Tehran. Although the geoelectric measurements do not show clear anomaly across the fault deep down into the ground, it reveals an obvious anomaly in shallow depths. However, looking at the seismic refraction and magnetic profiles across the Kahrizak scarp, we identified a high angle fault dipping south. This result in conjunction with the local relief across the fault scarp would suggest that the southern block is downthrown with respect to the northern block across a normal fault. Such knowledge can contribute to better evaluate the seismic hazard potential of one of the main seismogenic faults in the Tehran area.

Published
2010
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40. Duodenal Obstruction during Pregnancy

Author

Haghiri, Mansooreh, Borna, Sedigheh, Hessami, Kamran, Sharifi, Ali, Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti, Seyed, Malek, Mahrooz, Pourdamghan, Nasim, Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh, Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Abolfazl, and Saleh, Maasoumeh

Abstract

Intractable vomiting and elevated liver enzymes during pregnancy seem to be associated to the obstetric etiologies; however, other causes such as acute surgical emergencies should be considered. The patient was a 26-year-old woman at 18 weeks of gestation with intractable vomiting, intolerability of oral intake, weight loss, and absence of abdominal pain. Her physical examinations and laboratory tests had no remarkable findings except elevated liver function test (LFT) and hypokalemia. Considering the lab data and normal abdominopelvic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging was performed which revealed dilation of the D1-3 and collapse the D4 sections of duodenum. She underwent exploratory laparotomy which confirmed duodenal obstruction caused by Ladd’s band. After the Ladd’s operation, the patient started oral intake of nutritious, and her LFT decreased to normal ranges. After the last follow-up, she has had gained 18 kg and gave birth at 36 weeks of gestation due to the premature rapture of membranes and delivered a 2 kg small for gestational age otherwise healthy infant. The experience gained from this case was to consider all possibilities (such as small bowel obstruction) and evaluate them in a pregnant patient to consider other causes of nausea, vomiting, and abnormal LFTs in a pregnant patient.

Published
2022
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41. Cardiac Calcified Amorphous Tumor in the Neonatal Period

Author

Nasir Hematian, Mohammad, Hessami, Kamran, Saleh, Maasoumeh, Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Abolfazl, Torabi, Shirin, and Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh

Abstract

Calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) of the heart is a rare nonneoplastic cardiac mass that may exhibit symptoms resembling malignancy. In this report, we presented a 4-month-old male baby with repeated attacks of cyanosis and a cardiac murmur. Echocardiography revealed a tumoral noncircumscribed mass in the right atrium adhering to the interatrial septum which extends to the inferior vena cava. Cardiac exploration was carried out to excise the tumor. A histopathological study demonstrated the presence of thrombus-like tissue with extensive calcification and foreign body type giant cell reactions. After operation, the patient had an uneventful hospitalization. Although CAT is mainly diagnosed in adult patients, it should be considered in the causes of cardiac mass in the neonatal period.

Published
2022
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42. Structural elements of the Makran region, Oman sea and their potential relevance to tsunamigenisis

Author

Mokhtari, Mohammad, Abdollahie Fard, Iraj, and Hessami, Khaled

Abstract

Abstract: The character of convergence along the Arabian–Iranian plate boundary changes radically eastward from the Zagros ranges to the Makran region. This appears to be due to collision of continental crust in the west, in contrast to subduction of oceanic crust in the east. The Makran subduction zone with a length of about 900 km display progressively older and highly deformed sedimentary units northward from the coast, together with an increase in elevation of the ranges. North of the Makran ranges are large subsiding basins, flanked to the north by active volcanoes. Based on 2D seismic reflection data obtained in this study, the main structural provinces and elements in the Gulf of Oman include: (i) the structural elements on the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate and, (ii) the Offshore Makran Accretionary Complex. Based on detailed analysis of these data on the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate five structural provinces and elements—the Musendam High, the Musendam Peneplain, the Musendam Slope, the Dibba Zone, and the Abyssal Plain have been identified. Further, the Offshore Makran Accretionary Complex shown is to consist Accretionary Prism and the For-Arc Basin, while the Accretionary Prism has been subdivided into the Accretionary Wedge and the Accreted/Colored Mélange. Lastly, it is important to note that the Makran subduction zone lacks the trench. The identification of these structural elements should help in better understanding the seismicity of the Makran region in general and the subduction zone in particular. The 1945 magnitude 8.1 tsunamigenic earthquake of the Makran and some other historical events are illustrative of the coastal region’s vulnerability to future tsunami in the area, and such data should be of value to the developing Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System.

Published
2008
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43. The mechanical relationship between strike-slip faults and salt diapirs in the Zagros fold-thrust belt.

Author

Koyi, Hemin A., Ghasemi, Abbas, Hessami, Khaled, and Dietl, Carlo

Subjects
STRUCTURAL geology, DIAPIRS, CENTRIFUGES, SHEAR (Mechanics), STRIKE-slip faults (Geology), EARTHQUAKES
Abstract

Analogue models are used to study the mechanical relationship between basement strike-slip faults and salt diapirs. Displacement along a strike-slip fault in 1 g models resulted in extension along pre-existing jogs and the formation of oblique extensional faults, where reactive diapirs were triggered in some models. In the centrifuge models, prescribed cuts, simulating pre-existing structures, were reactivated during simple shear deformation of the models, resulting in formation of pull-apart basins, which were intruded by diapirs. The models show that because of the low ratio of salt to overburden thickness in the Zagros (0.15-0.35), it is unlikely that diapirs have formed solely, if at all, as a result of movement along basement strike-slip faults. Two mechanisms are suggested. First, pre-kinematic thin overburden and continuous movement along a releasing bend in the cover units may have triggered some of the diapirs in the Zagros, which were later downbuilt to their current geometry by additional sedimentation. Second, movement along the strike-slip faults (e.g. the Kazerun and Mangarak faults) induced oblique movement along NW-SE Zagros structures (folds or thrusts) resulting in the formation of pull-apart basins where diapirs were eventually intruded. Fault plane solution of shallow earthquakes supports the second scenario, which is also in agreement with previous interpretations that some of the salt diapirs associated with basement faults are younger than Zagros shortening and young southwestwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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44. Evaluation of a process simulator for modelling and analysis of Rankine cycle steam power plants

Author

Brammer, Naomi R. and Hessami, Mir-Akbar

Abstract

Applicability of the HYSYS process simulation package to thermodynamic modelling and analysis of Rankine cycle steam power plants, using first and second law analyses, has been evaluated. Theoretical Rankine cycles, and more realistic cycles based on power plants modelled in other studies, were simulated. Energy, exergy and efficiency values determined from the simulations were compared to those obtained from theory or reported in literature. Discrepancies of <1% were observed for theoretical cycles, while more realistic cycles were modelled to within 8% of reported values. Results suggest HYSYS is appropriate for use in thermodynamic assessments of steam power plant performance.

Published
2008

45. Use of Biomaterial as Interposition Graft in the Treatment of Vesicovaginal Fistula

Author

Hessami, Sam H. and Chang, David T.

Abstract

We present a case of posthysterectomy vesicovaginal fistula successfully treated via an abdominal approach, using biomaterial as an interposition graft. Reimplantation of one ureter necessitated an abdominal approach, while a lack of adequate mobilization of in situ flaps dictated the use of biomaterial to provide a barrier between the bladder and vaginal suture lines.

Published
2007
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47. Active deformation within the Zagros Mountains deduced from GPS measurements.

Author

Hessami, Khaled, Nilforoushan, Faramarz, and Talbot, Christopher J.

Subjects
*EARTHQUAKE zones, *SEISMOLOGY, *GLOBAL Positioning System
Abstract

We present and interpret the results of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements at 35 stations in and beside the Zagros Mountain belt, SW Iran, for three campaigns ending March 1998. December 1999 and June 2001. Preliminary motion estimates show clearly the change in character along the strike of the belt. Stations to the SE move at 13-22 ± 3 mm a-1 towards N 7 ± 5°E with respect to Eurasia. Most of the shortening indicated by the GPS velocities seems to occur in the SE Zagros along two major seismic zones and along the Zagros front. To the NW, stations move oblique to the trend of the belt towards N 12 ± 8°W, at 14-19 ± 3 mm a-1. Most of the shortening in the NW Zagros seems to occur along the Mountain Front Fault with its major earthquakes as well as along the Zagros front. The change in direction and magnitude of the velocity vectors across the north-south-trending Kazerun and Karebas faults involves extension of up to 4 mm a-1 along the strike of the Zagros belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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48. Surface Deformation and the Fault Responsible for the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake

Author

Hessami, Khaled, Tabassi, Hadi, Okumura, Koji, Abbassi, Mohammad R., and Azuma, Takashi

Abstract

The Bam fault zone is a major active fault zone in southeastern Iran. Geomorphic evidence indicates that it has been responsible for repeated faulting events since the late Pleistocene. The 26 December 2003 Bam earthquake was associated with a 14 kmfresh surface rupture trending north-south along the preexisting Bam fault zone. However, an en echelon rupture pattern trending N 15° E developed in the surface of alluvial deposits 5 kmwest of the Bam fault, in an area where no fault trace is visible in the geomorphology. The slip along the surface ruptures ranged between 0.5 and 20 cm. Rather than being a direct manifestation of the earthquake fault that does not surface, the fresh surface ruptures associated with the Bam earthquake are secondary structures such as synthetic (Reidel) shears and mole tracks, which indicate right-lateral motion along the Bam fault zone. This is compatible with both the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake and fault displacements during the late Pleistocene. Fresh surface structures indicate areas of dispersed strain not recognized on SAR interferometry.

Published
2005
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49. A systems framework for safety and security: The holistic paradigm

Author

Hessami, A. G.

Abstract

New discoveries coupled with the incessant desire to improve performance and reduce cost of products and services tend to encourage the deployment of novel technologies, which are often more complex in nature than their earlier counterparts. However, recent experience bears witness to the need for better vision and foresight in appreciation of the detrimental aspects alongside seemingly beneficial and rewarding facets of modern systems, processes, and products. Among many aspects to the performance of systems, safety is a human-focused and complex socio-technical issue. The classical view of safety is largely biased towards the causality of hazardous states and failure of products, processes, and systems, often taking a narrow technical reliability perspective in place of sensitivity to human dimension. Later philosophies have advocated the extension of failure-based approaches to take into account assessment of likely accidents and consequent harm to people. Against this setting, security, which is a major and more recent concern, is analogous to safety, differing mainly in malicious intent and deliberate causation rather than unplanned random or systematic causes. This paper proposes a new paradigm for holistic systems assurance, of which safety performance and security/vulnerability are key aspects. While principally focused on safety assurance, the proposed paradigm is broadly applicable to any facet of a system's performance and goes beyond the current horizons of systems safety landscape. It develops and proposes a more inclusive approach and extension of current systems safety domain, comprising scope and issues beyond accident causation and consequential loss. It further advocates a more extensive view of loss, encompassing harm to people and damage to the natural habitat as well as detriment to a business enterprise or society at large. References to safety assurance in this paper are synonymous with ensuring health, safety, and welfare of people. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 7: 99–112, 2004

Published
2004
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50. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for the post-calibration of weather radar rainfall estimation .

Author

Hessami, Masoud, Anctil, Francois, and Viau, Alain A.

Subjects
*METHODOLOGY, *WEATHER radar networks, *RAINFALL anomalies, *RAIN gauges, *FORECASTING
Abstract

Focuses on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, based on a jack-knife approach, is proposed for the post-calibration of weather radar rainfall estimation exploiting available raingauge observations. How methodology relies on the construction of a fuzzy inference system with three inputs (radar x coordinate, y coordinate and rainfall estimation at raingauge locations) and one output (raingauge observations).

Published
2003
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