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Constructing an accurate model with the capability to accurately forecast gas solubility in electrolyte solutions across diverse temperature, pressure, and salt concentration ranges holds significant relevance for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The model was modified by introducing the Debye–Hückel electrostatic term in the previously published CPA-MHV1 equation of state to account for the influence of salt on the gas solubility. The water–salt and gas–salt binary interaction parameters were optimized using experimental data, and the phase behavior of CO2and CH4was investigated in five salt solutions, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4. Furthermore, various association schemes for CO2were compared, revealing optimal simulation outcomes when modeling CO2as a nonself-associating molecule solvated in water. The average absolute relative deviation values of CO2and CH4obtained by this method in five single-salt solutions were 7.08 and 3.87%, respectively. The proposed model demonstrates a high degree of accuracy in simulating vapor–liquid equilibrium within water–gas–salt systems.

Acoustic emission (AE) of coal is an accompanying phenomenon closely related to the internal damage of coal. Studying its information response characteristics can reveal the damage destruction mechanism of coal and improve the effectiveness and reliability of mining disaster warnings. In order to further study the response characteristics of load damage precursor information for gas-containing coals, the latest self-developed triaxial experimental system was used to conduct cyclic load damage tests on gas-containing coal under different adsorption pressures. The evolution of the AE signals and gas outflow during the load damage process of coal samples was analyzed. Normal distribution theory was innovatively introduced to construct the relationship index between AE parameters and damage precursor information of gas-containing coal under loads. Moreover, a damage identification model for coal samples was established. Results show that: (1) Under different gas pressure conditions, the damage form of gas-containing coal is mainly “X” type shear damage; (2) In terms of the temporal characteristics of the AE and gas outflow, the characteristic parameters of the AE ringing counts can be described in four phases, with an overall gas outflow transient trend of a slight decrease followed by a rapid increase; (3) The data fitting results show that the absolute energy of AE bvalue has the characteristics of normal distribution. Furthermore, the right end of the interval corresponding to each probability condition of the normal distribution (98%, 95%, and 90%) can be used as the threshold to identify the precursor information of each damage stage of the coal samples, thus quantitatively and accurately predicting the damage stage of the coal samples. The findings of this study not only provide scientific references for the prediction and early warning of coal and gas outburst in coal mines but also contribute to the enhancement of process safety risk control.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in aging and metabolically unhealthy populations. A major target of regenerative tissue engineering is the restoration of viable cardiomyocytes to preserve cardiac function and circumvent the progression to heart failure post-MI. Amelioration of ischemia is a crucial component of such restorative strategies. Angiogenic β-sheet peptides can self-assemble into thixotropic nanofibrous hydrogels. These syringe aspiratable cytocompatible gels were loaded with stem cells and showed excellent cytocompatibility and minimal impact on the storage and loss moduli of hydrogels. Gels with and without cells were delivered into the myocardium of a mouse MI model (LAD ligation). Cardiac function and tissue remodeling were evaluated up to 4 weeks in vivo. Injectable peptide hydrogels synergized with loaded murine embryonic stem cells to demonstrate enhanced survival after intracardiac delivery during the acute phase post-MI, especially at 7 days. This approach shows promise for post-MI treatment and potentially functional cardiac tissue regeneration and warrants large-scale animal testing prior to clinical translation.

The high local charge delocalization and strong dipole moment are two key factors that affect the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based photocatalysts. However, there is a scarcity of reports that systematically investigate the structure–function relationship of these factors based on precise structural models. Herein, this study proposes a novel strategy for evaluating local charge delocalization using three rationally designed truxenone-based COFs. By controlling the structure and dipole of the monomers at the molecular level, we aim to investigate the structure–function relationship of these COFs concerning local charge delocalization. Among the different truxenone-based COFs evaluated, 1,3,5-tris (p-formyl phenyl) benzene-based COF (TeTpb-COF) exhibits the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 21.6 mmol g−1h−1, resulting in a 108-fold improvement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance compared with that of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-based COF (TeTt-COF, 0.2 mmol g−1h−1). This enhancement can be attributed to the strong intramolecular built-in electric field, which facilitates the efficient separation of photogenerated charges in the donor–acceptor (D–A) block units and increases the photoinduced charge migration distance and separation efficiency. This work highlights the strategy of adjusting the building blocks to enhance the local dipole moment in truxenone-based COFs, thereby significantly improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The regulation of building blocks offers an opportunity to create a novel COF platform for high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

• Novel hierarchical network-like Bi 2 S 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I Z-scheme heterojunctions were prepared by an in-situ ion exchange method. • BSBI NHs were consisted of internal BiOI nanoplates and outside networks orderly interwoven by Bi 2 S 3 nanorods. • BSBI NHs displayed a significantly improved visible-light photocatalytic ability. • Z-scheme heterojunction and massive OVs resulted in the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. • ∙OH, ⋅O 2 − and h+ played primary roles during the photocatalytic process. In this study, a novel Bi 2 S 3 /BiOI Z-scheme photocatalyst with 3D porous hierarchical network-like heterostructure (BSBI NHs) and rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) was fabricated by a facile ion exchange method followed by the in-situ growth process. A possible formation mechanism of BSBI NHs was studied, showing the self-assembled process of in-situ interwoven growth of 1D Bi 2 S 3 nanorods (NRs) on the surface of 2D BiOI disk-like nanoplates (NPs), which followed the Ostwald ripening and epitaxial growth. The modification of BiOI NPs by Bi 2 S 3 NRs brought about the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction and massive OVs, which improved the visible-light response property and promoted the separation of photoexcited charge carriers of BSBI NHs. BSBI NHs exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with Bi 2 S 3 and BiOI, and BSBI-1 can remove almost all bacteria and Rhodamine B (RhB) after 60 min visible light illumination. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism was studied and speculated based on the tests of active species capture, electron spin resonance (ESR), and density functional theory (DFT) simulation calculation, proving the primary roles of ·OH, ·O 2 – and h+ during the photocatalytic reaction. This work provides new insights into the design and exploitation of novel heterojunctions with highly efficient photocatalytic performances for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 2D/2D COF/CdS Z-scheme heterojunction was first reported. • The Z-scheme charge transfer pathways were first identified by Femtosecond transient absorption. • The excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was achieved. • The improved charge separation and hydrogen-evolution kinetics were confirmed. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity and flexible designability have been considered as promising candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the existence of unpropitious exciton effects in COFs leads to poor charge separation, and thus results in low photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, to improve the photoelectron migration efficiency, we designed a 2D/2D organic/inorganic direct Z-scheme COF-based heterojunction (TpTAP/CdS), by the in-situ growing of CdS nanosheets on the COF copolymerized via 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAP) and 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp). The femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) decay kinetics of TpTAP-COF and TpTAP/CdS further reveal the processes of shallow electron trapping and the recombination of the free photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In particular, the transient absorption traces for TpTAP-COF and TpTAP/CdS normalized to the photoinduced absorption peak can effectively verify the Z-scheme charge transfer between TpTAP-COF and CdS, which could enhance the charge mobility and separation, thus reducing the photocorrosion of CdS. Additionally, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient photovoltage measurements, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy further confirm the establishment of the internal electric field (IEF). This work demonstrates the important role of COFs in the construction of 2D/2D organic/inorganic direct Z-scheme heterojunctions and offers a new avenue to explain the criticality of dynamics of the photogenerated carriers for the construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel 3D rod-like Bi 2 S 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I p-n heterostructures with rich OVs were synthesized by an in-situ topotactic ion exchange method. • BSI RHs were composed of internal Bi 5 O 7 I nanobelts and outside networks orderly interwoven by Bi 2 S 3 nanorods. • BSI RHs exhibited a highly enhanced photocatalytic activity. • p-n heterostructure and rich OVs led to the efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers. • ⋅O 2 − and h+ played key roles in the photocatalytic process. In this work, a novel Bi 2 S 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I p-n heterojunction with three-dimensional rod-like nanostructure was successfully constructed through an in-situ topotactic ion exchange approach. A possible evolution mechanism from Bi 5 O 7 I nanobelts (NBs) into Bi 2 S 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I rod-like heterostructures (BSI RHs) was proposed, depicting the self-assembly process of internal Bi 5 O 7 I NBs and outside networks interwoven by Bi 2 S 3 nanorods (NRs), which abided by the Ostwald ripening and epitaxial growth. Owing to the formation of p-n heterojunction and rich oxygen vacancies (OVs), the visible-light absorption ability and separation of photogenerated charge carriers of BSI RHs were highly promoted, leading to a greatly improved photocatalytic ability than that of Bi 2 S 3 and Bi 5 O 7 I. BSI-1 exhibited the strongest photocatalytic performance, and almost all rhodamine B (RhB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can be thoroughly removed within 90 min. Moreover, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of BSI RHs was proposed based on the tests of active species trapping, electron spin resonance (ESR), photoelectrochemistry (PEC), and photoluminescence (PL) combined with the density functional theory (DFT) simulated computation, validating the dominating roles of · O 2 − and h+ during the photocatalytic process. This work is expected to motivate further efforts for developing novel heterostructures with highly efficient photocatalytic performances, which presents a promising application prospect in the fields of energy and environment. Bi 2 S 3 /Bi 5 O 7 I p-n heterojunction with three-dimensional rod-like nanostructure and highly enhanced photocatalytic activity was successfully constructed through an in-situ ion exchange approach. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the evolution pattern of forest ground force in Fanjing Mountain and provide a scientific basis for ecological management and forest restoration in the Fanjing Mountain area, the trend analysis method was used to study the evolution characteristics and patterns of soil texture at different elevation and profile levels in Fanjing Mountain in 1982 and 2014 after 32 years. The results show that the trend of increasing sand and clay and decreasing silt in the soils of Fanjing Mountain is evident, and the overall soil texture of Fanjing Mountain evolves from Silty loam to Silty clay loam. Soil sanding and claying coexist in Fanjing Mountain. The trend of soil texture evolution in different vertical zones at different altitudes shows a “V” pattern of change. The total variation of soil grain size indexes is more drastic at the highest and lowest elevations of Fanjing Mountain than in the middle, while the variation is relatively stable at the middle of the elevation. The evolution of soil texture at different levels of Fanjing Mountain is C > A > B, and the evolution of the C layer is due to the significant increase of sand particles, which may be related to the weathering of the soil parent material. Layers A and B, on the other hand, are due to an increase in clay, which may be related to the decomposition and uptake by soil microorganisms and plants. In summary, the different successional characteristics of soil texture with elevation and profile level are important factors driving the different natural successional status’ of the forests in Fanjing Mountain.

The superlattice La–Y–Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys have high discharge capacity and are easy to prepare. However, there is still a gap in commercial applications because of the severe corrosion of the alloys in electrolyte and poor high-rate dischargeability (HRD). Therefore, (LaSmY) (NiMnAl)3.5alloy was prepared by magnetic levitation induction melting, and then the alloy was coated with different contents (0.1 wt%–1.0 wt%) of nano-carbons by low-temperature sintering with sucrose as the carbon source in this work. The results show that the cyclic stability and HRD of the alloy first increase and then decrease with the increase of carbon contents. The kinetic results show that the electrocatalytic activity and conductivity of the alloy electrodes can be enhanced by carbon coating. The electrochemical properties of the alloy are the best when the carbon coating content is 0.3 wt%. Compared with the uncoated alloy, the maximum discharge capacity (Cmax) improves from 354.5 to 359.0 mAh/g, the capacity retention rate after 300 cycles (S300) enhances from 73.15% to 80.01%, and the HRD1200of the alloy enhances from 74.39% to 74.39%.

Nowadays, conjugated polymers have garnered numerous attention as a new class of organic photocatalysts due to their tunable electronic properties, low cost, excellent stability and sufficient light-absorption performance. In particular, pyrene-benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymer (PBBP) has been considered to be a new type of conjugated polymers for photocatalytic H2evolution. However, the poor charge separation seriously limits its practical application in H2evolution. In this work, a PBBP-based polymer/CdS 2D/2D organic/inorganic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with a strong internal electric field is, for the first time, prepared for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The pyrene-benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers (PBBP) are synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Then, the hybrid heterojunction photocatalysts are fabricated by coupling CdS with it through the ultrasonic mixing method. As a result, the highest H2-production rate of 15.83 mmol h−1g−1is achieved on 20% PBBP/CdS composite under visible-light irradiation, nearly 2.7 times higher than that of pure CdS. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 20% PBBP/CdS composite could reach 8.66% at λ = 420 nm. The enhanced activity could be attributed to the construction of S-scheme heterojunction, which accelerates the recombination of carriers with weaker redox ability and maintains the strong reducibility of electrons in CdS. This work provides a protocol for pyrene-benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers to prepare S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts based on organic/inorganic coupling.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the implementation of Six Sigma in a solenoid valve manufacturing company in China. The project aims to reduce the solenoid valve defects, decrease the cost of poor quality, increase customer satisfaction and improve the long-term profitability of Company B. Design/methodology/approach: This paper follows the Six Sigma methodology: DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve and control) principle of case study research. Hysteresis, the key characteristic of a solenoid valve, is the main chance for quality improvement. This paper emphasizes the solution to the hysteresis problem. During DMAIC phases, the critical factors that affect hysteresis performance are identified for continuous quality improvement of solenoid valve manufacturing. Findings: The implementation of Six Sigma leads to a great quality improvement for the company studied in this paper. Control plans are made for good hysteresis performance. As a result, the first pass yield of solenoid valves has increased from 60% to 99.64%. The key hysteresis of the solenoid valve has shown a better performance. Originality/value: This study presents a solenoid valve industrial quality improvement case that demonstrates how Six Sigma and DMAIC methodology can be applied to reduce defects and achieve quality improvement in Company B. This study can be referred to for managers and engineers to undertake quality improvement programs.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely used in heterogeneous catalysis owing to the maximum utilization of metal-active sites with controlled structures and well-defined locations. Upon tailored coordination with nitrogen atom, the metal-nitrogen (M-N)-based SACs have demonstrated interesting physical, optical and electronic properties and have become intense in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in the past decade. Despite substantial efforts in constructing various M–N-based SACs, the principles for modulating the intrinsic photocatalytic and electrocatalytic performance of their active sites and catalytic mechanism have not been sufficiently studied. Herein, the present review intends to shed some light on recent research made in studying the correlation between intrinsic electronic structure, catalytic mechanism, single-metal atom (SMA) confinement and their photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities (conversion, selectivity, stability and etc). Based on the analysis of fundamentals of M–N-based SACs, theoretical calculations and experimental investigations, including synthetic methods and characterization techniques, are both included to provide an integral understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind improved coordination structure and observed activity. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing highly active M–N based photocatalysis and electrocatalysis SACs are provided. In particular, extensive technical and mechanism aspects are thoroughly discussed, summarized and analyzed for promoting further advancement of M-N-based SACs in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

Aberrant lipid metabolism has recently been recognized as a new hallmark of malignancy, but the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) and potential interventions targeting this pathway remain to be addressed. Here, by using the in vitro BCSC models, mammosphere‐derived MCF‐7 cells and HMLE‐Twist‐ER cells, we found that the cells with stem cell‐like properties exhibited a very distinct profile of fatty acid metabolism compared with that of their parental cancer cells, characterized by increased lipogenesis, especially the activity of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) responsible for the production of monounsaturated fatty acids, and augmented synthesis and utilization of the omega‐6 arachidonic acid (AA). Suppression of SCD1 activity by either enzyme inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown strikingly limited self‐renewal and growth of the BCSC, suggesting a key role for SCD1 in BCSC proliferation. Furthermore, elevated levels of SCD1 and other lipogenic enzymes were observed in human breast cancer tissues relative to the noncancer tissues from the same patients and correlated with the pathological grades. Interestingly, treatment of BCSC with omega‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, effectively downregulated the expression of the lipogenic enzymes and markedly suppressed BCSC self‐renewal and growth. Dietary supplementation of nude mice bearing BCSC‐derived tumors with omega‐3 fatty acids also significantly reduced their tumor load. These findings have demonstrated that increased lipogenesis is critical for self‐renewal and growth of BCSC, and that omega‐3 fatty acids are effective in targeting this pathway to exert their anticancer effect. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) have a distinct fatty acid profile due to the aberrant expressions of lipogenic enzymes (eg, FAS, SCD1, and FADS1/2), which are highly involved in sustaining their self‐renewal, and proliferative capabilities. Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can effectively suppress the self‐renewal and growth of BCSC by downregulation of the lipogenic enzymes, especially SCD1.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are special types of stem cells and are a potential novel therapeutic approach in acute lung injury (ALI). Transplantation of EPCs can ameliorate the inflammatory state by reducing adhesion and exudation of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of EPCs on inflammatory response modulation remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EPCs on the modulation of neutrophils in vitroand in vivo.

Solar selective absorbing coatings directly harvest solar energy in the form of heat. The higher temperatures are required to drive higher power-cycle efficiencies in favor of lower costs of energy. According to different dielectrics, high temperature coatings can mainly be divided to double cermet solar selective coatings, transition metal nitride multilayer coatings and transition metal oxide multilayer coatings. This paper assesses the photothermal conversion efficiency and thermal stability, and discusses the challenges and strategies of improving both thermal and optical properties. Double cermet layers can stabilize nanocrystalline structures by alloying, while transition metal nitride/oxide layers generally choose the reliable materials with superior mechanical properties and thermal stability. The purpose of this review is to get the optimized systems, and propose further research directions at higher temperature, such as all-ceramic absorbing coatings.

ABSTRACTMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a functional ‘cold’ tumor microenvironment in which the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells is suppressed and the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is enhanced. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining, we detected a distinct subset of NKT-like cells expressing FOXP3 in MPE. Through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, we found that the glycolysis pathway and pyruvate metabolism were highly activated in FOXP3+NKT-like cells. Similar to Tregcells, FOXP3+NKT-like cells highly expressed monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and lactate dehydrogenase B to uptake and utilize lactate, thereby maintaining their immunosuppressive function and hyperlactylation in MPE. Furthermore, we found that MCT1 small molecule inhibitor 7ACC2 significantly reduced FOXP3 expression and histone lactylation levels in NKT-like cells in vitro. In conclusion, we reveal for the first time the altered phenotypic and metabolic features of FOXP3+NKT-like cells in human MPE.

Quasars, which are exceptionally bright objects at the centres (or nuclei) of galaxies, are thought to be produced through the accretion of gas into disks surrounding supermassive black holes1–3. There is observational evidence at galactic and circumnuclear scales4that gas flows inwards towards accretion disks around black holes, and such an inflow has been measured at the scale of the dusty torus that surrounds the central accretion disk5. At even smaller scales, inflows close to an accretion disk have been suggested to explain the results of recent modelling of the response of gaseous broad emission lines to continuum variations6,7. However, unambiguous observations of inflows that actually reach accretion disks have been elusive. Here we report the detection of redshifted broad absorption lines of hydrogen and helium atoms in a sample of quasars. The lines show broad ranges of Doppler velocities that extend continuously from zero to redshifts as high as about 5,000 kilometres per second. We interpret this as the inward motion of gases at velocities comparable to freefall speeds close to the black hole, constraining the fastest infalling gas to within 10,000 gravitational radii of the black hole (the gravitational radius being the gravitational constant multiplied by the object mass, divided by the speed of light squared). Extensive photoionization modelling yields a characteristic radial distance of the inflow of approximately 1,000 gravitational radii, possibly overlapping with the outer accretion disk. Observations of highly redshifted broad absorption lines of helium and hydrogen atoms provide unambiguous evidence of fast infalling gas that is merging into an accretion disk around a black hole.

Texture is a pivotal factor for the deep drawability of interstitial free steel (IF steel). The evolution of microstructure and recrystallization texture of Ti-IF steel through the processing of hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing have been studied. The mechanical properties including strain hardening index nand plastic strain ratio rare also measured. For comparison, ferrite rolling and austenite rolling are both studied. The results show that the intensity of γ-fiber after ferrite rolling is higher than that after austenite rolling. The great balance between the {111}〈110〉 and {111}〈112〉 leads to low Δrvalue after annealing. The size of precipitates in ferrite rolled sample is generally larger than that in austenite rolled sample. Compared to austenite rolled sample, the ferrite rolled and annealed one has better formability and its rvalue reaches 2.36. Different from laboratory production, the test steels were acquired from industrial trial, and all the result can be used in industrial production directly.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by a CTG nucleotide repeat expansion within the 3′ UTR of the Dystrophia Myotonica protein kinase gene. In this study, we explored therapeutic genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 via targeted deletion of expanded CTG repeats and targeted insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3′ UTR upstream of the CTG repeats to eliminate toxic RNA CUG repeats. We found paired SpCas9 or SaCas9 guide RNA induced deletion of expanded CTG repeats. However, this approach incurred frequent inversion in both the mutant and normal alleles. In contrast, the insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3′ UTR upstream of the CTG repeats eliminated toxic RNA CUG repeats, which led to phenotype reversal in differentiated neural stem cells, forebrain neurons, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal muscle myofibers. We concluded that targeted insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3′ UTR is a viable approach to develop therapeutic genome editing for DM1.

The 232Th(n,f) cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel cycle. Using the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber, a novel measurement of the 232Th(n,f) cross section relative to 235U in the 1–200 MeV range was performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n white neutron source (Back-n). The fission event-neutron energy spectra of 232Th and 235U fission cells were measured in the single-bunch mode. Corrected 232Th/235U fission cross-sectional ratios were obtained, and the measurement uncertainties were 2.5–3.7% for energies in the 2–20 MeV range and 3.6–6.2% for energies in the 20–200 MeV range. The 232Th(n,f) cross section was obtained by introducing the standard cross section of 235U(n,f). The results were compared with those of previous theoretical calculations, measurements, and evaluations. The measured 232Th fission cross section agreed with the main evaluation results in terms of the experimental uncertainty, and 232Th fission resonances were observed in the 1–3 MeV range. The present results provide 232Th(n,f) cross-sectional data for the evaluation and design of Th/U cycle nuclear systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of enucleation (EU) for proximal pancreatic non-invasive neoplasms. Patients with solitary non-invasive neoplasms in the proximal pancreas from January 1998 to April 2014 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China were included. Different operations and outcomes were analyzed. A total of 123 patients were enrolled. Forty patients (32.5%) underwent EU including 18 patients who had tumors close to the main pancreatic duct (MPD). Sixty-one patients (49.6%) had pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) performed and 22 (17.9%) underwent central pancreatectomy (CP). Pathological outcomes included neuroendocrine tumors, cystic lesions, and solid pseudopapillary tumors. Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, and duration of hospital stay were significantly reduced in the EU group. PD was associated with the greatest complication rate (55.7%), followed by EU (50%) and CP (40.9%), though the pancreatic fistula rate after EU was the highest (50%), especially in patients with tumors larger than 3 cm and tumors close to the MPD. EU had advantages in the preservation of pancreatic parenchyma and endocrine and exocrine function. EU can be carried out safely and effectively for tumors in the proximal pancreas with improved outcomes compared with standard resections, even if the tumor is larger than 3 cm and close to the MPD. 评价近端胰腺非侵袭性肿瘤剜除手术的安全性与有效性。 以目前为止最大样本量的近端胰腺非侵袭性肿瘤的剜除手术的数据分析, 证实了剜除手术在这类患者中的安全性和有效性, 即使肿瘤直径> 3 cm 或临近主胰管肿瘤。 并且首次报道和证实了在这些患者剜除手术中发生主胰管损伤, 进行主胰管修补与支架置入是安全有效的。分析了同期进行不同手术方式患者的肿瘤资料, 阐明了肿瘤大小影响手术策略的制定。 详细对比了剜除手术和传统的胰十二脂肠切除术以及胰腺中段切除术的术前情况、 术中情况、 术后并发症资料 (表1~3), 尤其详细描述了临近主胰管和主胰管有损伤的患者剜除手术后并发症情况 (表4)。 同时, 附图说明了主胰管修补手术方法 (图1)。 近端胰腺非侵袭性肿瘤的剜除手术是安全有效的, 应该是这类患者手术治疗的首选推荐方式, 在大肿瘤和临近主胰管的肿瘤患者中也可施行。

•Circular RNA circFBXO7 overexpression suppressed NSCLC cells proliferation.•Circular RNA circFBXO7 directly inhibited miR-296-3p as a ceRNA.•KLF15 bound to the promoter of CDKN1Agene directly and promoted its expression.•Mouse homologous circular RNA circFbxo7 overexpression also suppressed tumor growth.•The novel circFBXO7/miR-296-3p/KLF15/CDKN1A axis regulated NSCLC cell proliferation.

The Ordovician karst carbonate reservoirs on the northern slope of central Tarim Basin are important oil and gas exploration targets in the basin, but their dissolution mechanisms are in controversy. In this paper, based on the integrated study of sedimentation, sequence and reservoir, together with microscopic analysis and macroscopic seismic data analysis, the carbonate karst reservoirs in the study area were divided into three types: dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoir, pore-cavity dolomite reservoir and fracture-cavity siliceous reservoir, and their forming mechanisms were discussed respectively. Some findings were obtained. First, dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoirs are distributed in the upper Yingshan Fm and Yijianfang Fm of the Ordovician vertically, while pore-cavity dolomite reservoirs are mainly developed in the Penglai Fm and lower Yingshan Fm of the Ordovician with great thickness. Second, dissolved pore-cavity limestone reservoirs were formed by karstification on the third-order sequence boundary (lowstand tract), while pore-cavity dolomite reservoirs were formed by deep burial dolomitization controlled by karstification on the third-order sequence boundary, both of which are distributed in the highstand tract below the third-order sequence boundary. Third, siliceous reservoirs are developed under the control of faulting, as a result of reworking of deep hydrothermal fluids along faults to the limestone, and the siliceous reservoirs and their hydrothermal solution fracture-cavity systems are distributed near faults. It is further predicted that, in addition to the three types of reservoir above, platform-margin reef-flat reservoirs are developed in the Ordovician on the northern slope of central Tarim Basin.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting holds tremendous promise for converting solar energy into a clean and renewable fuel source. However, the efficiency of photocatalysis is often hindered by poor light absorption, insufficient charge separation, and slow reaction kinetics of the photocatalysts. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel S-scheme heterojunction comprising Ti3C2MXene, CdS nanorods, and Cu2O@NC (nitrogen-doped carbon) core-shell nanoparticles. Ti3C2MXene as a cocatalyst enhances the light absorption and charge transfer of CdS nanorods. Simultaneously, the core-shell Cu2O@NC nanoparticles establish a pathway for transferring photogenerated electrons and create a favorable band alignment for efficient hydrogen evolution. The synergistic effects of Ti3C2MXene and Cu2O@NC on CdS nanorods result in multiple charge transfer channels and improved photocatalytic performance. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate of the MX-CdS-Cu2O@NC S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is 7.4 times higher than that of pure CdS. Experimental techniques and DFT calculations were employed to explore the structure, morphology, optical properties, charge dynamics, and band structure of the heterojunction. The results revealed that the S-scheme mechanism effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers and facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated electrons and holes to the reaction sites. Furthermore, Ti3C2MXene provides abundant active sites essential for the interface charge transfer between CdS and Cu2O@NC. The Cu2O@NC core-shell nanoparticles offer a large surface area and high stability for hydrogen evolution while establishing internal electric field with CdS nanorods to drive charge separation. This investigation provides valuable insights into the rational design of CdS-based photocatalysts, enabling efficient hydrogen production by harnessing the robust kinetic driving force provided by the S-scheme heterojunctions.

In order to break through the limitation of the width of river, depth of water, channel and etc., it is an optimal choice to construct a long-span suspension bridge. In a suspension bridge, the main cable is the major bearing member; and the use of super high strength cable wire can lighten the dead weight and obtain an economical design. 1960 Mpa cable wire is adopted by an under-construction suspension bridge, namely Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge, for the first time in China. In this paper, taking the Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge as a case-study, comparative analyses on dynamic characteristic and seismic response of long-span suspension bridge with 1960 Mpa cable wire are performed. Firstly, dynamic calculating model for Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge is built and its dynamic characteristics are studied; then by using response spectrum and time history analysis method, seismic response of Ni-Zhou Channel Bridge is investigated on the basis of design response spectrum and artificial seismic ground motions; finally, the energy dissipation performances of a seismic protection devices (viscous damper) are also discussed. The results show that long-span suspension bridge with 1960 Mpa cable wire has a longer natural vibration period; the use of viscous damper can effectively reduce the peak value of bending moment in stiffening girder. This paper can provide references for the project’s construction.

In suspension bridge, the main cable is the major bearing member, instead of the 1770MPa cable wire normally adopted in current design, the application of cable wire strengths up to 1960MPa can lighten the dead weight, reduce the size of tower and anchorage, and shorten the construction period, obtain economical design. In this paper, a under-construction suspension bridge with span of 1688m is taken as a case-study, Comparative analyses are performed mainly focusing on basic parameters, carrying efficiency of main cable, static behavior and dynamic properties as different high strength cable are adopted in this suspension bridge. The results show that compared with 1770MPa main cable, using 1960MPa main cable in suspension bridge is benefit for improving the carrying efficiency of main cable, the steel consumption is also saved by 13%, but the vertical stiffness of the structure is reduced partly; the changes of main cable slightly affect the natural vibration frequency of girder, but have greater influences on vibration of main cable.

To explore the effect of perivascular sympathetic nerve on cerebral collateral arteriogenesis in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models of rats.

Considering the characteristics and control requirements of assembly line, we develop a virtual simulation system which combines virtual reality and electrical control technology. The system can be used in system monitoring, debugging and staff training. The electrical control program is written by software of Rockwell based on virtual PLC, which realizes the application of velocity curve in linear type and Cosine-linear type on the object of virtual simulation through the RSTestStand software to build 3D virtual simulation model of the automatic assembly system of manipulator. The motion visual effect and monitor curve on the object of virtual simulation can indicate that the control system works well. It can also reduce mechanical arm joint motion and force effectively, through the start and stop, acceleration and deceleration of the manipulator movement and optimization of the speed using cosine timing scheme in uniform conversion.

Because of the drift which exists in sequence image of prostate DWI (Diffusion Weighted Imaging), the global ant colony algorithm is introduced into the paper for registration optimization. The paper introduces an ant colony algorithm for continuous function optimization, based on max-min ant system (MMAS). This paper controls the transition probabilities and enhances the abilities of ants seeking globally optimal solutions by adding an adjustable factor in the basic ant colony algorithm and updating the local pheromone and global pheromone. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Multimedia technology in the field of education and teaching has made great achievements. It is also used widely in the area of sport. However, multimedia technology in the teaching of basketball tactics is still in the initial stage. The paper is to study the application of multimedia technology in teaching basketball tactics, and to make "basic tactics of basketball teaching" Multimedia CAI Courseware. The Study shows that it is possible to use multimedia technology in basketball tactics, and it is bound to help improve basic tactics of basketball teaching.

The static strength design of aircraft structure is the most basic design principles. The basic applicable conditions of composite structures static strength reliability analysis using the current methods were mentioned in this paper, and compliance analysis of these basic conditions was carried out. In addition, further studies were also conducted to research the influence of the number of full-scale structural specimens and environmental factors on the composite structures static strength reliability.

The innovative CDIO educational framework provides students with an education stressing engineering fundamentals set in the context of Conceiving - Designing Implementing - Operating real-world systems and products. The acronym of TOPCARES refers to 8 first-level ability indices which comply with those in CDIO. A total of four ability indices levels was refined in TOPCARES-CDIO structure to guide this study, which discussed the feasibility an innovative talent nurturing framework for e-commerce courses. The result suggests the application-oriented integrated educational system to satisfy the social requirements for versatile and practical talents, and can be used as a reference model for relevant educational institutions.

Micro-sized Ca3Co4O9 powder was prepared by solid phase method at 850-950°C in air atmosphere. Seebeck effect of carbon fiber reinforced cement composites was enhanced efficiently by combining the Ca3Co4O9 powder of 3.0wt.% by mass of cement. The absolute thermoelectric power achieves 1.65 fold increase and is up to 58.6μV/oC at room temperature. The lower activation energy of holes carriers and higher carrier concentration by doping Ca3Co4O9, are probably attributed to the increase of absolute thermoelectric power.

The removal effect of simulation waste gas from laboratory, and the removal ability of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and methane were studied in a biofilter tower. During the stable running period, the results showed that the removal efficiency of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) remained above 85%, when the inlet concentrations were 124~380 mg۰m-3. The removal efficiency of hydrophilic pollutants were higher than that of hydrophobic pollutants. The results proved that the biofilter tower was feasible to remove the organic waste gas from laboratory.

Microwave absorbing properties of composites containing activated carbon-fiber felt screens (ACFFSs) have been investigated. Samples with different types of ACFFSs embedded in composites were fabricated. Experiments were carried out to test the absorption effect of embedded ACFFSs. It is found that both the ACFFS patterns and its element configurations are critical for the reflection properties of samples. With the distance between strips and the width of strips in the inductive ACFFS decreased, the absorbing properties of composites are improved. The composite obtains a reflection loss below –10dB in 8~18GHz, which is the frequency range the radar works in, when the distance between strips and the width of strips are 7mm and 5mm respectively. With the side of plates and the distance between plates in the capacitive ACFFS reduced, the absorption effect of composites rises. When the distance between plates and the side of plates are 5mm and 7mm separately, the composite achieves a reflection loss below –10dB over a bandwidth of 8.7GHz and the minimum value of absorption rate reaches –31.7dB.

Through the compaction and permeability tests on loess, either natural or compacted loess can meet the requirement of the Landfill Pollution Control Standards about impermeable clay. While the compaction weathered red soil layer of the tertiary, widely distributing under the loess, whose permeability coefficient is less than 1×10-7cm/s. In this study we mixed loess with weathered red soil to obtain a new kind of composite soil, and drew a conclusion that the composite soil can meet the requirements of Chinese national standards. When the clay content of composite soil reached 21%, the permeability coefficients are generally able to meet the requirement.

With the clarification of the important roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in diverse physiologic and pathologic processes, the effects of miRNAs in wound healing have attracted more attention recently. However, the global pattern of miRNA expression in wound tissue is still unknown. In the present study, we depicted the miRNA profile and identified at least 54 miRNAs, including miR-21, changed for more than twofold at the stage of granulation formation during wound healing. These miRNAs were closely related to the major events of wound healing, including cell migration and proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remolding. Furthermore, we found that miR-21 was up-regulated after skin injury, mainly in activated and migrating epithelial cells of epidermis and mesenchymal cells of dermis. Locally antagonizing miR-21 by directly injecting antagomir to wound edge caused significant delay of wound closure with impaired collagen deposition. Unexpectedly, we found wounds treated with miR-21 antagomir had an obvious defect in wound contraction at an early stage of wound healing. The significant role of miR-21 in wound contraction was further confirmed by in vivogain-of-function and in vitroloss-of-function experiments. In conclusion, the present study has for the first time depicted miRNA profiling of wound healing and demonstrated the involvement of miR-21 in regulating the wound contraction and collagen deposition. These results suggest that miR-21 may be a new medical target in skin wound manipulation.

In this paper, a certain B737 aircraft fuselage section was used to research the influence of different impact conditions on fuselage dynamic characteristics. A finite element model of fuselage was built up from FS380 to FS500. The impact responses of fuselage subjected to 9.133m/s vertical velocity were analyzed under the conditions of 0° roll angle, 10° left roll angle and combination acceleration. The differences of transformation and acceleration history curves under different conditions were compared. The research results show that the performances of 10° left roll angle will change fuselage transformation and acceleration of seats location, the appears of combination acceleration will increase transformation of floor and decrease acceleration at the seats location. The crashworthiness of aircraft structure can be effectively improved by selecting the appropriate landing way.

This paper mainly uses image pre-processing and feature extraction to calculate the invariant moment of image, and ultimately realizes the image pattern recognition based on ART-2 neural network. Experimental results show that ART-2 neural network has high recognition rate. It also solves the contradiction between network's plasticity and stability, when new recognition model appears.

The surface brightness values in different directions are different, the measurement of the existing optical gloss meter only once can not simultaneously achieve measurement from different directions, for this phenomenon using orthogonal pairs of optical measurement method, two groups of measurements should be averaged. Measuring probe is made of a 2kHz pulse modulation circuit, silicon photovoltaic cells, I / V conversion, high-pass filter, such as precision rectifier circuit. Measurement probe output signal by the dual analog switch and the ADC into the computer. System software using VB, can realize to show the average computation, numerical analysis and results of statistical functions. Semiconductor laser light source eliminates the need of optical collimating lens. Measurement of laser modulation frequency is 2kHz, much higher than the environmental stray light, using techniques based on frequency domain interference with satisfactory light scattering resisting effect,the test shows that the error caused by stray light is less than 1.5% ,when the instrument works open-ended in the light path.

The result shows: If probabilistic methods were used to conduct compliance analysis for composite structure damage tolerance. When the impact energy is low, calculated result should conservatively use probabilistic methods of Weibull distribution fitting; when the impact energy is high, calculated result should conservatively use probabilistic methods of logarithmic linear fitting.

Abstract: This paper reports a new efficient solar selective surface in high temperature application. The influence of the monolayer’s microstructure and deposition rate was firstly discussed. Then the nitride nano-multilayer on the polished stainless steel (herein after referred as “SS”) substrate was prepared with Ti and Al metal targets by DC. and R.F. magnetron co-sputtering. The samples were annealed in air at different temperatures ranging from 350 to 800°C for 2 h to evaluate their thermal stability. The samples’ surface and cross-section morphology, crystal structure, phase composition, optical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester. The results show that the coatings exhibit high solar selectivity (α/ɛ) of 0.943/0.08 even after heat-treatment up to 400°C for 2 h in air. After heat-treatment at 600°C in air, the solar selectivity decreases to 0.92/0.16.

Importance of the field:The pan-tissue existence and multipotency of differentiation make mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) an attractive source of cells as tissue repair cells, seeds of engineered tissue, vehicles for gene therapy or in combination to promote tissue regeneration in wound healing and disease recovery.Areas covered in this review:This review focuses on recent understanding on MSC's basic biological characteristics and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of MSCs in vivo.What the reader will gain:The gene expression profiles for mRNA, protein, microRNA and cell surface marker of MSCs are summarized. Special attention is given to miRNA expression and its relationship with the characteristics of MSCs. The mechanisms of therapeutic effects of MSCs are attributed to their ability to migrate along chemokine gradients, differentiate into tissue-specific cells, enhance angiogenesis of wound tissue and regulate immune response. As examples, a detailed description is given on the regeneration of functional sweat glands on burned skin as well as neural cells in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animals upon MSC transplantation.Take home message:Based on current data, although limited, the mesenchymal–epithelial transition is proposed to be one of the important ways for MSCs to participate tissue repair.

We present an analysis of the mid-infrared emission lines for a sample of 12 low-metallicity blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies based on high-resolution observations obtained with Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. We compare our sample with a local sample of typical starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to study the ionization field of starbursts over a broad range of physical parameters and examine its difference from the one produced by the AGN. The high-ionization line [O IV]25.89 mm is detected in most of the BCDs, starbursts, and AGNs in our sample. We propose a diagnostic diagram of the line ratios [O IV]25.89 mm/[S III]33.48 mm as a function of [Ne III]15.56 mm/[Ne II]12.81 mm which can be useful in identifying the principal excitation mechanism in a galaxy. Galaxies in this diagram split naturally into two branches. Classic AGNs as well as starburst galaxies with an AGN component populate the upper branch, with stronger AGNs displaying higher [Ne III]/[Ne II] ratios. BCDs and pure starbursts are located in the lower branch. We find that overall the placement of galaxies on this diagram correlates well with their corresponding locations in the log([N II]/Ha) versus log([O III]/Hb) diagnostic diagram, which has been widely used in the optical. The two diagrams provide consistent classifications of the excitation mechanism in a galaxy. On the other hand, the diagram of [Ne III]15.56 mm/[Ne II]12.81 mm versus [S IV]10.51 mm/[S III]18.71 mm is not as efficient in separating AGNs from BCDs and pure starbursts. Our analysis demonstrates that BCDs in general do display higher [Ne III]/[Ne II] and [S IV]/[S III] line ratios than starbursts, with some reaching values even higher than those found at the centers of AGNs. Despite their hard radiation field though, no [Ne V]14.32 mm emission has been detected in the BCDs of our sample.

We present our discovery of a narrow-line Baldwin effect, an anticorrelation between the equivalent width (EW) of a line and the flux of the associated continuum, in 5-20 mm mid-infrared (mid-IR) lines from a sample of 68 active galactic nuclei (AGNs), located at z< 0.5, observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our analysis reveals a clear anticorrelation between the EW of the [S IV] 10.51 mm, [Ne II] 12.81 mm, and [Ne III] 15.56 mm lines and their mid-IR continuum luminosities, while the Baldwin effect for [Ne V] 14.32 mm is not as obvious. We suggest that this anticorrelation is driven by the central AGN, and not circumnuclear star formation in the host galaxy, and present a new method of analyzing this effect in mid-IR lines. We also find that the slope of the narrow-line Baldwin effect in the mid-IR does not appear to steepen with increasing ionization potential. Examining the dependence of the EW on the Eddington ratio (L/L Edd), we find no strong relationship for mid-IR lines. Our study indicates that the narrow-line mid-IR Baldwin effect is quite different from the broad-line optical/UV Baldwin effect, and it is possible that the two effects are unrelated. The anticorrelations discovered open new possibilities in understanding the physics of the ionizing region and the continuum reprocessing by dust.

We present a study of elemental abundances in a sample of 13 blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies, using the ~10-37 mm high-resolution spectra obtained with Spitzer IRS. We derive the abundances of neon and sulfur for our sample using the infrared fine-structure lines probing regions which may be obscured by dust in the optical and compare our results with similar infrared studies of starburst galaxies from ISO. We find a good correlation between the neon and sulfur abundances, although sulfur is underabundant relative to neon with respect to the solar value. A comparison of the elemental abundances (neon and sulfur) measured from the infrared data with those derived from the optical (neon, sulfur, and oxygen) studies reveals a good overall agreement for sulfur, while the infrared-derived neon abundances are slightly higher than the optical values. This indicates either that the metallicities of dust-enshrouded regions in BCDs are similar to the optically accessible regions, or that if they are different they do not contribute substantially to the total infrared emission of the host galaxy.

A complete flux-limited sample of 50 galaxies is presented having fn(24 mm) > 10 mJy, chosen from a survey with MIPS on Spitzer of 8.2 deg2 in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) region in Bootes. Spectra obtained with the low-resolution modules of IRS on Spitzer are described for 36 galaxies in this sample; 25 show strong PAH emission features characteristic of starbursts, and 11 show silicate absorption or emission, emission lines, or featureless spectra characteristic of AGNs. Infrared or optical spectral classifications are available for 48 of the entire sample of 50; 33 galaxies are classified as starbursts and 15 as AGNs. [There are an additional 19 Galactic stars with fn(24 mm) > 10 mJy in the survey area.] Using a relation between 7.7 mm PAH luminosity and SFR derived from previous IRS observations of starbursts, the SFR per unit volume of the local universe (SFRD) is determined from the complete sample and is found to be 0.008 M yr-1 Mpc-3. This provides an extinction-free measurement of SFRD independent of optical properties and provides a parameter that can be used for direct comparison to high-redshift starbursts being discovered with Spitzer. Individual sources in the sample have SFRs from 0.14 to 160 M yr-1. The derived value for the local SFRD is about half that of the local SFRD deduced from bolometric luminosities of the IRAS 60 mm Bright Galaxy Sample, with the deficiency being at lower luminosities and arising primarily from the small number of low-luminosity sources in the 10 mJy sample. The agreement for higher luminosities confirms the validity of using the 7.7 mm PAH feature as a measure of SFRD in the high-redshift universe, where this is often the only indicator available for faint sources.