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Innovation is an important approach to boost economic development and social advances, and innovative talents are the cornerstone of the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Conventional pharmaceutical education is not, however, tightly interconnected with current developments because pharmaceutical training lacks practicality and innovation. A deep integration of industry–university–research (IUR) would be a significant approach to solve this issue. In view of this, the School of Pharmacy of Jilin Medical University has thus integrated its own specialized characteristics with regional industrial strength to build a “one core, three chains, and four platforms” talent training mode, with “IUR collaborative education” as the core, “knowledge chain–capability chain–quality chain” as the inner spiral, and “teaching platform–research platform–enterprise platform–social platform” as the external spiral. Under the background of the deep integration of IUR, the quality of talent training is comprehensively improved by taking the “Double Hundred–double Entering” action as an opportunity (100 entrepreneurs enter the campus and 100 doctoral faculty members enter enterprises), relying on the Modern Pharmaceutical Industry College, using scientific research feedback teaching as the driving force and projects and competitions as the starting point. This cultivation pattern has achieved positive results in practice and effectively improved the training quality of innovative talents in our university. It can provide a reference for the talent cultivation of related majors in similar universities.

Background: In recent years, the incidence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) has remarkably increased due to the widespread use of screening gastrointestinal endoscopy. Currently, the most common treatments are surgery and endoscopic resection. Compared to surgery, endoscopic resection possesses a higher risk of resection margin residues for the treatment of GI-NETs. Methods: A total of 315 patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection for GI-NETs were included. We analyzed their resection modality (surgery, ESD, EMR), margin status, Preoperative marking and Prognosis. Results: Among 315 patients included, 175 cases underwent endoscopic resection and 140 cases underwent surgical treatment. A total of 43 (43/175, 24.57%) and 10 (10/140, 7.14%) patients exhibited positive resection margins after endoscopic resection and surgery, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that no preoperative marking and endoscopic treatment methods were risk factors for resection margin residues. Among the patients with positive margin residues after endoscopic resection, 5 patients underwent the radical surgical resection and 1 patient underwent additional ESD resection. The remaining 37 patients had no recurrence during a median follow-up of 36 months. Conclusions: Compared with surgery, endoscopic therapy has a higher margin residual rate. During endoscopic resection, preoperative marking may reduce the rate of lateral margin residues, and endoscopic submucosal dissection may be preferred than endoscopic mucosal resection. Periodical follow-up may be an alternative method for patients with positive margin residues after endoscopic resection.

The application of the L-comoment matrices for the estimation of Value-at-Risk of a portfolio is analyzed. The approach is shown to be much more beneficial in estimating the skewness and kurtosis of the portfolio, as compared to the traditional approaches.

ABSTRACT:This paper argues that tso in Changde dialect is a sentence final particle and its use may trigger an implied clause. It is observed that tso is only allowed in a suggestive imperative, restricted to co-occurring with the adverb ɕian55 先 'first'. Besides, xa 下 or ta 哒 alternately appears in a tso-suffixed sentence. A comparison of tso in Changde dialecct to zhe in Mandarin on the one hand and to tşe55 in Longhui dialect on the other hand shows that tso has similarities to and differences from both. While zhe is an aspectual particle, it may also trigger an implicit meaning in [V+zhe] construction. Although both of tso and tşe55 can be used as sentence final particles to introduce a sequential event implicitly, the use of tso is more constrained than tşe55.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion therapy plus Liu’s pediatric massage (tuina) for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung. Methods: A total of 60 children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the visiting sequence, with 30 cases in each group. Children in the observation group were treated with moxibustion therapy plus Liu’s pediatric massage, and those in the control group were treated with Liu’s pediatric massage alone. The incidence of respiratory tract infections and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms score were observed and recorded in both groups before and after treatment. And the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%, and that of the control group was 83.3%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptoms score and total times of infections in both groups were all statistically different from those before treatment (all P<0.05). The differences in TCM symptoms score and infection frequency before and after treatment in the observation group were statistically different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion therapy plus Liu’s pediatric massage has a better effect in improving the clinical symptoms and reducing the frequency of respiratory tract infections for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung than the pediatric massage alone.

Eutectic high entropy alloys (EHEAs) have high temperature stability, good mechanical properties, and are promising for tribological applications at high temperatures. To study the high temperature lubrication behavior, Fe22Co26Cr20Ni22Ta10−(BaF2/CaF2)x(x=3−20, wt.%) composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), with BaF2/CaF2eutectic powder used as solid lubricant. The lubrication behavior and mechanical properties were studied at both room and high temperatures. With the increase of the content of BaF2/CaF2eutectic powder, the friction coefficients and the wear rates of the composites at 600 and 800 °C decrease significantly. The composites with eutectic powder content of 15 and 20 wt.% have the best lubricating performance at 600 °C, with low friction coefficient and wear rates, mainly due to the good mechanical properties of EHEA matrix, the lubrication effect of BaF2/CaF2phase and the oxides formed on the worn surface.

ABSTRACTGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a highly lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanism of GBC remains largely unclear. Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is low-expression during cancer progression and as a potential tumor-suppressor gene in various types of cancer. However, its role in Gallbladder cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we found that DMBT1 was significantly low-expression and deletion of copy number in GBC tissues by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Overexpression of DMBT1 impaired survival, promoted apoptosis in GBC cells in vitro, and inhibited tumor progression in vivo. Further study of underlying mechanisms demonstrated that DMBT1 combined with PTEN which could stabilize PTEN protein, resulting in inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study revealed a new sight of DMBT1 as a tumor-suppressor gene on the PI3K/AKT pathway in GBC, which may be a potential therapeutic target for improving treatment.

The advantages of the all-fiber optical current transformer include but are not limited to being small in size, having no magnetic saturation, exhibiting high measurement accuracy, and boasting strong electromagnetic interference resistance. However, the high cost of the all-fiber optical transformer limits its promotion and application in engineering. This paper proposes a design scheme of an independent double acquisition loop for the all-fiber optical current transformer based on the single optical path. Firstly, based on the closed-loop control mode and open-loop control mode, the two- channel sampling signal demand for relay protection, and the independent dual-acquisition loop design scheme of the all-fiber optical current transformer are proposed. Secondly, the reliability and economic feasibility of the scheme are demonstrated by an analysis of system failure and cost. The results show that the scheme can actualize the acquisition function of two independent all-fiber optical current transformer products on a single all-fiber current transformer in an integrated manner, which greatly reduces the cost of the all-fiber optical current transformer in engineering applications.

In view of the irrationality of sensor arrangement scheme in the model test method of anti-dip rock slope vibration instability, the accuracy and efficiency of test data acquired are reduced, which cannot meet the requirements of real-time vibration simulation process. There are some limitations in the authenticity and scientificity of test results. A model test of rock slope vibration instability based on parallel chaotic algorithm is proposed. The method uses cement, sand, iron powder, clay and admixture to prepare rock mass materials, sets Teflon cloth with very low surface friction coefficient to simulate discontinuous joints of rock slope according to certain rules in the interior of slope, and adopts parallel chaotic genetic algorithm to optimize sensor placement scheme based on the corresponding relationship between algorithm and optimal parameters of sensor placement. The experimental results show that the failure modes of rock slope under vibration are as follows: crack development, slope spalling and collapse sliding; acceleration response enlarges obviously along the slope face, and horizontal acceleration dominates; the optimization effect and operation time of sensor placement scheme are significantly improved to avoid premature convergence and fall into local optimum solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous study revealed that therapeutic miR-26a delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model, whereas we found that forced miR-26a expression increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration and invasion, which prompted us to characterize the causes and mechanisms underlying enhanced invasion due to ectopic miR-26a expression. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-26a promoted migration and invasion of BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells in vitro and positively modulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-10 expression. In addition, exogenous miR-26a expression significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of HepG2 cells in vivo. miR-26a negatively regulated in vitro proliferation of HCC cells, and miR-26a overexpression suppressed HepG2 cell tumor growth in nude mice. Further studies revealed that miR-26a inhibited cell growth by repressing the methyltransferase EZH2 and promoted cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the phosphatase PTEN. Furthermore, PTEN expression negatively correlated with miR-26a expression in HCC specimens from patients with and without metastasis. Thus, our findings suggest for the first time that miR-26a promotes invasion/metastasis by inhibiting PTEN and inhibits cell proliferation by repressing EZH2 in HCC. More importantly, our data also suggest caution if miR-26a is used as a target for cancer therapy in the future.

The operational reliability directly affects the practical application of optical current transformers (OCTs) in smart substations. As the key component of the OCT, the reliability of the optical current sensor (OCS) largely determines the reliability level of the OCT. This paper proposes a reliability assessment method of the OCS based on accelerated aging tests. The failure modes and failure mechanisms of the OCS are analyzed, and the concept of OCS insertion loss variation is proposed. An allowable range of insertion loss variation is selected as the failure criterion of the OCS. From the viewpoint of the OCS measurement error generated by the quantization error of the analog-to-digital converter, the allowable range of insertion loss variation is obtained. By selecting a high temperature as the accelerated thermal stress, we design the accelerated aging test scheme of the OCS and analyze the sample test data to obtain the activation energy of the OCS insertion loss failure. Based on this activation energy, the median time to failure and instantaneous failure rate curve of the OCS at normal temperature are obtained. The results indicate that the designed OCS has an expected service life of 50 years and a low instantaneous failure rate at normal temperature. This paper provides basic critical reliability analysis data for the system reliability assessment of OCTs.

The use of solar energy to convert highly toxic Cr(VI) into hypotoxic Cr(III) is an attractive strategy to address heavy metal pollution. In this work, a facile method for the preparation of carbon nanodot–SnS2nanocomposites (SnSCD) is reported. In this system, CDs serve as excellent photosensitizers in combination with SnS2. The photogenerated electrons produced by the conduction band of SnS2could be easily injected into the CDs, which suppress the charge recombination, and thus show improved photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the SnSCD-5 sample with a CD content of 5 wt % showed the highest catalytic activity in the photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) under visible light. The total Cr(VI) removal rate and the reaction kinetic coefficient of the SnSCD-5 photocatalyst were found to be 77.34% and 6.95 min–1, respectively. These values were 4.15 and 6.56 times higher than pure SnS2, respectively. Furthermore, the high stability and durability of SnSCD-5 were demonstrated by three cycling experiments. The first-principles density functional theory calculations were performed to study the energy band and electron–hole density distribution of SnS2and SnSCD photocatalysts. The calculation results were consistent with our experimental results, it further confirms that CDs play a vital role in this system. In general, this study highlights the highly efficient charge transfer and separation and the potential application of the SnSCD photocatalyst in the removal of Cr(VI).

Large amounts of soda residue waste from the production of sodium carbonate industries cause serious pollution to environment. In this study, a novel Mn-SR non-homogeneous ozone catalyst was prepared by mixed calcination method using soda residue as the main component for organics degradation of coal to ethylene glycol wastewater. Firstly, under the optimal Mn-SR preparation process (95% n-SR (msoda residue: mkaolin= 8:1), 5% MnO2, calcination temperature: 500 °C, calcination time: 4 h) and the optimal operating conditions (pH: 8, water temperature: 40 °C, catalyst dosage: 320 g/L, O3dosage: 20 g/L) for the reaction of 60 min, the COD removal rate reaches to 77.1%, which is 63.9% higher than only ozonation COD removal efficiency under the same conditions. Kinetic study shows that water temperature is the most important factor affecting COD degradation rate in the reaction system. Through the adsorption performance, ozone utilization, free radical quenching experiments and three-dimensional fluorescence tests, the catalytic performance of Mn-SR catalysts for ozonation was investigated. The results showed that Ca and Mg in Mn-SR play a major role in organics degradation, while MnO2plays a complementary role in the degradation of high COD concentrations. It was confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the main reactive radicals in the Mn-SR catalytic ozonation system, which plays an important role in the degradation of organics in wastewater. Meanwhile, after Mn-SR was reused and regenerated for five times, the COD removal rates was still higher than 67.0%, and Mn-SR recovery rates were more than 94.7%, which showed a good stability.

Development of ovarian cancer involves the co-evolution of neoplastic cells together with the adjacent microenvironment. Steps of malignant progression including primary tumor outgrowth, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastasis are not determined solely by genetic alterations in ovarian cancer cells, but considerably shaped by the fitness advantage conferred by benign components in the ovarian stroma. As the dynamic cancer topography varies drastically during disease progression, heterologous cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can actively determine the pathological track of ovarian cancer. Resembling many other solid tumor types, ovarian malignancy is nurtured by a TME whose dark side may have been overlooked, rather than overestimated. Further, harnessing breakthrough and targeting cures in human ovarian cancer requires insightful understanding of the merits and drawbacks of current treatment modalities, which mainly target transformed cells. Thus, designing novel and precise strategies that both eliminate cancer cells and manipulate the TME is increasingly recognized as a rational avenue to improve therapeutic outcome and prevent disease deterioration of ovarian cancer patients.

In this study, comparisons of isotopic variation of rainfall, throughfall, surface water, and groundwater were conducted in the Meilin watershed, which represents two different land uses, chestnut wood and bamboo. Also, isotopic differences between rainfall and throughfall were identified in these sub-watersheds. The results showed that the isotopic value of incremental rainfall, incremental throughfall and surface water exhibited a marked temporal variation in the selected sub-watersheds. The throughfall isotopic variation range was smaller than that of rainfall, which may result from the different production process between rainfall and throughfall. However, the isotopic composition difference between rainfall and throughfall resulting from different land uses was insignificant. The range of isotopic composition variation of surface water was not the same as that of rainfall, indicating that surface water came from a mix of precipitation and water stored before the rainfall event. The temporal variation of the isotopic composition of groundwater was small, implying that the influence of different land uses on groundwater isotopic composition was insignificant. The total variation range of δ2H and δ18O of groundwater was smaller than that of surface water and sequential incremental rainfall, which means the δ18O of groundwater can be replaced by that of base flow before the event in the hydrograph separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the stability control mechanism of a concave slope with circular landslide, and remove the influence of differences in shape on slope stability, the limit analysis method of a simplified Bishop method was employed. The sliding body was divided into strips in a three-dimensional model, and the lateral earth pressure was put into mechanical analysis and the three-dimensional stability analysis methods applicable for circular sliding in concave slope were deduced. Based on geometric structure and the geological parameters of a concave slope, the influence rule of curvature radius and the top and bottom arch height on the concave slope stability were analyzed. The results show that the stability coefficient decreases after growth, first in the transition stage of slope shape from flat to concave, and it has been confirmed that there is a best size to make the slope stability factor reach a maximum. By contrast with average slope, the stability of a concave slope features a smaller range of ascension with slope height increase, which indicates that the enhancing effect of a concave slope is apparent only with lower slope heights.

Employing crystal facets to regulate the catalytic properties in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been well demonstrated on electrocatalysts containing single metals but rarely explored for bimetallic systems. Here, we synthesize ZnSn(OH)6(ZSO) microcrystals (MCs) with distinct facets and investigate the facet effects in eCO2RR. Electrochemical studies and in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (in situ-FTIR) reveal that ZSO MCs produce mainly C1 products of HCOOH and CO. The {111} facet of the ZSO MCS exhibits higher selectivity and faradaic efficiency (FE) than that of the {100} facet over a wide range of potentials (−0.9 V ∼ −1.3 V versus RHE). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the {111} facet is favorable to the adsorption/activation CO2molecules, the formation of intermediate in the rate-determining step and the desorption of C1 products of CO and HCOOH molecules.

It is reported in this paper that a cavity-dumped electro-optically Q-switched Tm:LuAG oscillator offers a unique combination of high power, constant short pulse duration, and high repetition rate at a wavelength of 2012.7 nm. The constant short pulse durations of 3 ns were achieved by the cavity-dumped technology at different repetition rates from 60 to 100 kHz. An average power of 1.22 W and a peak power of 4.1 kW were obtained at a repetition rate of 100 kHz and an incident pump power of 42.3 W, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 6% and beam quality factor of M^2∼1.4. In addition, the accumulation time of intracavity photons from 500 to 1000 ns was studied for the performance of the output characteristic.

Novel Sr3Gd(1–x)DyxNa(PO4)3F (SGNP:xDy3+, x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11) phosphors were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method at different compositions. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the as-prepared samples were pure phase. The phosphor had two intense emission bands centering at 481 and 574 nm which could be attributed to the 4F9/2→6H15/2transition and the 4F9/2→6H13/2transition, respectively. The chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of this phosphor were calculated to be (0.3054, 0.3354) located on the region of white light region when excited at 350 nm. The concentration quenching mechanism of Dy3+was ascribed to the dipole-dipole interaction. The current research suggested that the phosphors might be potential application in the w-LEDs.

Copper deficiency has emerged to be associated with various lipid metabolism diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms that dictate the association between copper deficiency and metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we reveal that copper restoration caused by hepatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) ablation enhances lipid catabolism by promoting the assembly of copper-load SCO1-LKB1-AMPK complex. Overnutrition-mediated Cp elevation results in hepatic copper loss, whereas Cp ablation restores copper content to the normal level without eliciting detectable hepatotoxicity and ameliorates NAFLD in mice. Mechanistically, SCO1 constitutively interacts with LKB1 even in the absence of copper, and copper-loaded SCO1 directly tethers LKB1 to AMPK, thereby activating AMPK and consequently promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which copper, as a signaling molecule, improves hepatic lipid catabolism, and it indicates that targeting copper-SCO1-AMPK signaling pathway ameliorates NAFLD development by modulating AMPK activity.

The Chinese wheat line Yu 356-9 exhibits a high level of resistance to leaf rust. In order to decipher the genetic base of resistance in Yu 356-9, gene postulation, inheritance analyses, and chromosome linkage mapping were carried out. Gene postulation completed using 15 leaf rust pathotypes and 36 isogenic lines indicated that Yu 356-9 was resistant to all pathotypes tested. F1and F2plants from the cross Yu 356-9 (resistant)/Zhengzhou 5389 (susceptible) were tested with leaf rust pathotype “FHNQ” in the greenhouse. Results indicated a 3:1 segregation ratio, indicative of the presence of a single dominant leaf rust resistance gene in Yu 356-9 which was temporarily designated as LrYu.Bulk segregant analysis and molecular marker assays were used to map LrYu.Five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on chromosome 2BS were found closely linked to LrYu.Among these markers, Xwmc770is the most closely linked, with a genetic distance of 5.7 cM.

A novel method has been developed to detect 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) in paper for food packaging by hydrothermal extraction coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy in paper for food package. Parameters affecting fluorescence intensity have been evaluated, including the pH of solvents and the effect of surfactants. It turned out to be that fluorescent spectroscopy was a sensitive and easy method to determine BIT in paper package. The regression equation obtained was liner, and the correction coefficient was 99.9%, the limit detection (LOD) was 25.3μg/L, method detection limit (MDL) was 0.25mg/kg, which turned out that this method was sensitive and precise to determine BIT in food package.

Novel Na3YSi2O7: Sm3+, Eu3+ phosphors for white light-emitting diodes were prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+ are investigated in detail. The current research suggests that Na3YSi2O7: Sm3+, Eu3+ phosphor is a potential candidate for application in Phosphor-converted LEDs.

Electron trapping materials SrSO4:Eu2+ were prepared by hydrothermal method from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (3) ether (AEO-3) aqueous solution at 200 °C for 20 h. The phase structure, microstructure and optical properties were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and excitation-emission spectroscopy (PL-PLE), respectively.

A rapid and sensitive method based on the application of fluorescence spectrophotometry is developed for the determination of Octylphenol (OP) in food packaging materials. The extraction of OP from plastic food packaging materials was carried out using microwave-assisted solvent extraction. Laboratory experiments have shown that when the concentrations of OP are from0.1 to 0.6mg.L-1, they have a linear relationship with the emitted fluorescence intensity. In this interval, the calibration curve is y=10+212x, showing strong correlation (correlation coefficientR2 is 0.9983).

A series of Na3YSi2O7: Eu3+, Sm3+ samples have been synthesized via solid-state reaction technique. The phase structure and luminescence properties are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. Effective energy transfer occurs from Sm3+ to Eu3+ and Sm3+/Eu3+-codoped Na3YSi2O7 shows more intense red light compared to that of Eu3+-doped sample under UV light excitation.

Yb3+, Tm3+ co-doped Gd6MoO12 phosphors were prepared by the hydrothermal method. After tuning the PH value and EDTA, phosphors present different morphologies including hexagonal prisms, spindles, and spheres. Under 980nm excitation, the upconversion luminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphors are studied based on changing the synthesis condition. It is found that usage of EDTA and pH changing both play crucial key in the formation of morphology. Pumping power on the UC luminescence properties and level diagram mechanism of Gd6MoO12:Yb3+/Tm3+phosphor have also been discussed.

We investigate coherent single-microwave-photon transport in the coupled superconducting transmission lines coupled to superconducting quantum interference device based charge qubits. The Fano resonance can be observed in the scattering spectra in both the linear and nonlinear regimes of the dispersion relation of the microwave photon. We further find that the degree of the two-qubit entanglement can vary from unity to zero when the Fano resonance occurs. There exists a correspondence between the entanglement and the Fano resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocyte transplantation is being trialled as an alternative to whole organ transplant for patients with acute liver failure and liver specific metabolic diseases. Due to the scarcity of human hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) generated from stem cells may become a viable alternative to hepatocyte transplantation. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) from the placenta have stem cell-like properties and can be differentiated into HLC. Naïve hAEC have low immunogenicity and exert immunomodulatory effects that may facilitate allogeneic transplantation. However, whether the immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties alter with differentiation into HLC are unknown. We further characterized HLC generated from hAEC, examined changes in human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and co-stimulatory molecules and effects exerted by the HLC on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). HLC derived from hAEC expressed proteins found in hepatocytes, had CYP3A4 drug metabolizing enzyme activity and secreted urea. IFN- treatment increased HLA Class IA, Class II and co-stimulatory molecule CD40 expression in the HLC. IFN- treated HLC stimulated proliferation of PBMC in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions and were more immunogenic than undifferentiated hAEC. However, the HLC showed immunomodulatory properties and inhibited mitogen induced PBMC proliferation in vitro. PBMC proliferation may have been inhibited by IL-6, TGF-1, PGE2 and HLA-G secreted by the HLC. The retention of immunomodulatory properties may enable HLC grafts to survive for longer periods despite the immunogenicity of the HLC.

Dammar-20S, 25R-epoxy-3β, 12β, 26-triol (26-OH-panaxadiol), the new sapogenin product of the oxidative cyclization of protopanaxadiol from ginseng, exhibits a significant pharmacological effect as an anti-tumor agent. A sensitive and rapid analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was initially developed for the detection of 26-OH-panaxadiol in rat plasma. Pre-treatment of the sample obtained from the plasma involved a single protein precipitation step using methanol. 26-OH-panaxadiol and an internal standard (IS), tanshinone II A, were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid in water (80 : 20, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1. Chromatography of the 26-OH-panaxadiol and IS was performed within 3 minutes. Detection was performed through positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng mL−1(r> 0.9960). The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.3 ng mL−1and 1.0 ng mL−1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day deviations (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD) were ≤4.8% and ≤8.5%, respectively, and the accuracy (expressed as relative error, RE) was in the range of 4.5% to 5.3%. The recoveries of 26-OH-panaxadiol and IS were 91.2% and 98.7%, respectively, and the matrix effects were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examined. This fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of rats after a single initial intragastric administration of 15 mg kg−126-OH-panaxadiol. The main pharmaco-kinetic parameters: Tmax(the time to peak), Cmax(the concentration to peak), and t1/2(the biological half life) were 3.08 ± 1.24 h, 2833.86 ± 1246.08 μg L−1, 5.14 ± 1.01 h, respectively.

In this paper, the context of relative kinematic modeling, and the analysis of symmetric dual four-bar mechanism industrial robot are introduced. For such mechanism, its designation of the representative algorithm, and its simplification, simulation, verification and alternately analysis in Forward Kinematics Problems (FKP) and Inverse Kinematics Problem (IKP) were studied. Via such method, it’s possible to efficiently analyze and solve the both of FKP and IKP of symmetric dual planar four-bar mechanism. Thus this method can be applied for the design, simulation and verification for the robot with similar structure.

A cam design and manufacturing simulation system is developed for education. The system consists of some modules which can be easily extended or updated. In the design module, the profile of disc cam is generated by defining some parameters – rise allowable pressure angle; return allowable pressure angle, the radius of curvature of cam profile etc. And the kinematics analysis of cam is also calculated in this module. Then the profile is transferred into CATIA for generating a three dimensional geometry of the cam, and NC program is generated. Last, the NC program is verified by Yulong NC simulation system.

A rapid cam design and manufacturing simulation system is developed. The system consists of some modules which can be easily extended or updated. In the design module, the profile of disc cam is generated by defining some parameters – rise allowable pressure angle, return allowable pressure angle, the radius of curvature of cam profile etc. And the kinematics analysis of cam is also calculated in this module. Then the profile is transferred into Catia for generating a three dimensional geometry of the cam, and NC program is generated. Last, the NC program is verified by Yulong NC simulation system.

In this article, we present a new composite gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), with butylamine (BA) and propylene carbonate (PC) intercalated α-Zirconium phosphate (ZrP-BA-PC) as solid fillers dispersed in polyethlene oxide (PEO) polymer. The ionic electrical conductivity was markedly improved with the ZrP-BA-PC additive at ambient temperature. The DSSC with 5 wt% ZrP addition into the electrolyte obtained the maximum photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 6.61 % under 100 mW/cm-2 irradiation.

When water-ramjet engine working, its water-fuel ratio is needed to conform. Taking magnesium-based fuel for example, thermodynamic parameter of different formulation fuel under different water-fuel ratio was calculated with the free energy minimization method. It was found that the effective specific impulse of water-ramjet engine increased first and then decreased with the increasing of water-fuel ratio, so there was the maximum value of it, named optimum specific impulse. The corresponding water-fuel ratio was the best one, and then the performance ability of water-ramjet engine was the maximum one. The temperature of nozzle exit gradually decreased with the increasing of water-fuel ratio. When the temperature was lower than local vaporization temperature, water steam coagulated and it would cause the thrust force to decline. Therefore, when the water-ramjet engine is designed, the value of water-fuel ratio can't exceed the best water-fuel ratio by the premise of guarantee of the temperature of nozzle exit as high as possible.

Correction for ‘UPLC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of 26-OH-panaxadiol in rat plasma’ by Meiyu Lin et al., Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, 6656–6662, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY41320A.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections are among the most critical adverse events in critical patients with peripheral arterial catheters (ACs). Adherence to evidence-based guidelines can prevent and reduce arterial bloodstream infection.

To explore the methodology of the evidence-based expert consensus formulation process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing taking stroke as an example.

Objective: To explore the effect of Tripterygium polyglycoside (TP) associated with nicotinamide on the islet cell function, immune parameters and lipoperoxide (LPO) in adult patients with late-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus (LADA).Methods: Thirty-six cases of LADA were randomly divided into three groups: TP group (n= 12), treated with TP plus orally taken metformin; combined treatment group (n= 12), treated with TP combined with nicotinamide and metformin, and control group (n= 12) treated with metformin alone. They were followed-up for 18 months.Results: (1) Compared with the control group after 9 months of treatment, postprandial plasma glucose and LPO in combined treatment group were decreased (P<0.05), and the postprandial C-peptide was higher (P<0.05). At the 18th month, the value of postprandial C-peptide in the TP and combined treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The slL-2R level of both TP and combined treatment groups were lowered (P<0.01); (2) Islet cell antibody (ICA) positive of 5 cases in the TP group and 6 cases in the combined treatment group got converted to the negative respectively, while only one in the control group at the time (P<0.05); (3) The level of LPO in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that in the TP group at the 18th month of treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion: TP combined with nicotinamide played a role in immunity regulation, decreasing the titer of islet cell antibody and slL-2R, which also reduced the production of LPO and had a tendency to improve islet cell function in early LADA patients.

An important concept proposed in the early stage of robot path planning field is the shrinking of the robot to a point and meanwhile expanding of the obstacles in the workspace as a set of new obstacles. The resulting grown obstacles are called the Configuration Space (Cspace) obstacles. The find-path problem is then transformed into that of finding a collision free path for a point robot among the Cspace obstacles. However, the research experiences obtained so far have shown that the calculation of the Cspace obstacles is very hard work when the following situations occur: 1. both the robot and obstacles are not polygons and 2. the robot is allowed to rotate. This situation is even worse when the robot and obstacles are three dimensional (3D) objects with various shapes. Obviously a direct path planning approach without the calculation of the Cspace obstacles is strongly needed. This paper presents such a new real-time robot path planning approach which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one in the robotic community. The fundamental ideas are the utilization of inequality and optimization technique. Simulation results have been presented to show its merits.

Liquid nitrogen fracturing is one of the potential feasible technologies for improving the stimulation efficiency of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. At present, the visualization of pore-throat connectivity and microscopic seepage characteristics in coal rocks under liquid nitrogen thermal shock is still lack of studying. Hence, the influence of liquid nitrogen thermal shock on the micro-nano pore structure and mechanical property of coal rocks are not understood clearly. In order to provide theoretical basis for the stimulation behavior of liquid nitrogen fracturing in coal beds, this paper investigates the change of micro-nano pore structure and mechanical property of coal rocks before and after liquid nitrogen treatment means of CT scanning and atomic force microscope (AFM). In addition, the influence of liquid nitrogen thermal shock on the seepage routes of coal rock are revealed. The following research results can be obtained. First, the number and scales of pores in the coal increase after liquid nitrogen thermal shock. In this experiment, porosity is increased by 200%, micro-fracture is dominant and its volume proportion is increased to 90.0% from 7.7% before liquid nitrogen treatment. Second, the three-dimensional pore structure reconstruction model obtained by CT shows that after the liquid nitrogen treatment, the number, total length and total volume of throats in the coal rock are increased by 170%, 140% and 130% and the pore connectivity is improved greatly. Third, after liquid nitrogen treatment, the sample’s absolute permeability is improved significantly. In this experiment, the absolute permeability of coal after liquid nitrogen treatment is 77 times higher than that before liquid nitrogen cooling. The micro-fractures induced by thermal stress are the main percolation routes in coal after liquid nitrogen cooling. Fourth, pores and fractures are newly formed on both matrix and mineral domains, and the surface roughness is increased. In the meantime, the elastic modulus in matrix and mineral domains of coal drops, and the average elastic modulus drops by 81% and 91%, respectively. In conclusion, liquid nitrogen thermal shock leads to the increase of microscopic defects in coal and the deterioration of mechanical property. Liquid nitrogen fracturing is expected to be a new kind of efficient and green CBM reservoir stimulation technology.

Smart grid has become an inexorable trend of energy and economy development worldwide. Since the development of smart grid was put forward in China in 2009, we have obtained abundant research results and practical experiences as well as extensive attention from international community in this field. This paper reviews the key technologies and demonstration projects on new energy connection forecasts; energy storage; smart substations; disaster prevention and reduction for power transmission lines; flexible DC transmission; distribution automation; distributed generation access and micro grid; smart power consumption; the comprehensive demonstration of power distribution and utilization; smart power dispatching and control systems; and the communication networks and information platforms of China, systematically, on the basis of 5 fields, i.e., renewable energy integration, smart power transmission and transformation, smart power distribution and consumption, smart power dispatching and control systems and information and communication platforms. Meanwhile, it also analyzes and compares with the developmental level of similar technologies abroad, providing an outlook on the future development trends of various technologies.

In this letter, we report a Ho:YVO4 laser pumped by a 1.94-?m laser in both continuous-wave (CW) and Q-switched modes. The output performance of the Ho:YVO_4 laser is compared with different output coupler transmissions. By use of the output coupler transmissions of T=30%, we obtain the maximum CW output power of 3.9 W at 2052 nm, with beam quality factor of M^2=1.09 for the absorbed pump power of 12.5 W. For the Q-switched mode, we achieve maximum output energy per pulse of 0.38 mJ and the minimum pulse width of 25 ns, corresponding to the peak power of 15.2 kW.