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Accurately mapping ground-level ozone concentrations at high spatiotemporal resolution (daily, 1 km) is essential for evaluating human exposure and conducting public health assessments. This requires identifying and understanding a proxy that is well-correlated with ground-level ozone variation and available with spatiotemporal high-resolution data. This study introduces a high-resolution ozone modeling method utilizing the XGBoost algorithm with satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) as the primary predictor. Focusing on China in 2019, our model achieved a cross-validation R2of 0.91 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 13.51 μg/m3. We provide detailed maps highlighting ground-level ozone concentrations in urban areas, uncovering spatial variations previously unresolved, along with time series aligning with established understandings of ozone dynamics. Our local interpretation of the machine learning model underscores the significant contribution of LST to spatiotemporal ozone variations, surpassing other meteorological, pollutant, and geographical predictors in its influence. Validation results indicate that model performance decreases as spatial resolution becomes coarser, with R2decreasing from 0.91 for the 1 km model to 0.85 for the 25 km model. The methodology and data sets generated by this study offer new insights into ground-level ozone variability and mapping and can significantly aid in exposure assessment and epidemiological research related to this critical environmental challenge.

In plantaexpression of recombinant antibodies has been proposed as a strategy for herbicide resistance but is not well advanced yet. Here, an atrazine nanobody gene fused with a green fluorescent protein tag was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana, which was confirmed with PCR, ELISA, and immunoblotting. High levels of nanobody accumulation were observed in the nucleus, cytoderm, and cytosol. The nanobody expressed in the plant had similar affinity, sensitivity, and selectivity as that expressed in Escherichia coli. The T3 homozygous line showed resistance in a dose-dependent manner up to 380 g ai/ha of atrazine, which is approximately one-third of the recommended field application rate. This is the first report of utilizing a nanobody in plants against herbicides. The results suggest that utilizing a high-affinity herbicide nanobody gene rather than increasing the expression of nanobodies in plants may be a technically viable approach to acquire commercial herbicide-resistant crops and could be a useful tool to study plant physiology.

The hybrid distribution transformer (HDT) achieves a compromise between the low-frequency transformer (LFT) and the solid-state transformer. It combines the LFT's efficiency and reliability with the added advantage of partial power controllability via an integrated converter. However, the existing research on the HDT fault ride-through does not consider the coordination relationship with its own safe operation constraints, while few studies have considered capacity coordination between multiple converters. Therefore, this article proposes an improved hierarchical coordination control of integrated HDT (IHDT), considering grid fault and normal conditions. First, the IHDT topology is proposed, and the operation mechanism of IHDT to realize the voltage support and current compensation is clarified by analyzing the coupling mechanism between the converter and LFT. Furthermore, under complex conditions, the unified expressions of the IHDT winding voltage, current, and power are derived, the safe operation constraints of IHDT are analyzed, and a hierarchical coordination control strategy is proposed. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the IHDT topology and control strategy are demonstrated by simulation analysis and experimental verification.

•Effect of antibiotic exposure on CRKP infection was studied in four control groups.•Carbapenems and Aminoglycosides may be risk factors for CRKP infection.•Infection site may affect the risk of CRKP infection with tigecycline exposure.•Exposure time may affect the risk of CRKP infection with quinolones exposure.•Identifying risk factors can help clinicians make treatment decisions.

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.To update the efficacy and safety of short-term (≤3 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and standard (6–12 months) DAPT in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. In addition, we also explored the duration of DAPT in patients at high bleeding risk (HBR). In PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, we electronically searched among all the studies from the establishment of the database to December 8, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Nine randomized controlled trials (45,661 patients) ultimately met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis revealed that, compared with standard DAPT, ≤3-month DAPT significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular event {hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.82–0.97]}, all-cause mortality [HR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.78–0.99)], cardiovascular mortality [HR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.65–0.97)], major bleeding [HR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.56–0.93)], and any bleeding [HR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.50–0.66)], while no significant differences in the risk of myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and stroke. In patients with HBR, the results showed that ≤3-month DAPT significantly reduced major bleeding [HR = 0.35, 95% CI (0.14–0.88)] and any bleeding [HR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.41–0.67)] compared with standard DAPT, while the risk of other outcomes was not statistically different. In conclusion, this study showed that ≤3-month DAPT may be a valid option for most patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Because reductions in major adverse cardiovascular event, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality were not seen in patients with HBR, this also highlights the need for specific studies in these patients about optimal duration of antiplatelet therapy.

Pyogenic abscesses in deep organs represent severe bacterial infections that can be life-threatening. Traditional sonodynamic and photodynamic hybrid therapy (SDT/PDT) faces various limitations when treating deep organ abscess, including difficulties in drug release control, limited penetration of external laser, a hypoxic microenvironment, and challenges in therapeutic efficacy monitoring. To address these issues, we develope an implantable and wireless-controlled antibacterial patch integrated with modules for on-demand drug release, light control and therapeutic efficacy monitoring, providing a comprehensive solution to the clinical challenges of PDT/SDT in treating deep organ abscess. This self-adhesive and miniaturized patch can easily attach to internal tissues, and be wirelessly powered and controlled by external ultrasound. Initially, ultrasound powers the patch’s drug release module through the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric transducer (PZT), providing distinct electrical-thermal release signals for indocyanine green (ICG) and hemoglobin (Hb). This ensures that Hb is released first to generate oxygen, alleviating the hypoxic microenvironment at the infection site, followed by the release of ICG as both a photosensitizer and sonosensitizer. Subsequently, ultrasound directly activates the sonosensitizer and powers the µLEDs in the light control module, ultimately initiating SDT/PDT hybrid antibacterial treatment. The therapeutic efficacy monitoring module in the patch uses hydrogels with infection detection capabilities to provide timely feedback on the treatment status of the infected lesions, enabling doctors to rapidly adjust treatment plans and significantly improve the flexibility and effectiveness of treatments. Both in vitroand in vivoexperiments demonstrate that the patch can completely cure pyogenic liver abscesses. This research also exhibits promise for extending the application of the patch to treat other types of deep infections.

Previous studies have found that different types of bullying have different effects on individuals. However, few studies have investigated the types of bullying victimization among primary school students using latent profile analysis (LPA), and considered both the frequency and form of bullying victimization when naming these types. This study explored bullying victimization types with a sample of 1748 primary school students. Participants were 52.1% (911) male, and 47.7% (833) female. Four (0.2%) students didn’t report their sex. Results show that school bullying victimization can be classified as “never bullied” (66.3%), “often oppressed” (18.2%), “often threatened” (8.0%), and “always bullied in all forms” (7.5%). There is a significant difference in sex and grade for victimization types. Specifically, the risk of being “often threatened” and “always bullied in all forms” types is higher for males than for females. Grade 4 students are at higher risk of being “often oppressed”, “often threatened”, and “always bullied in all forms” types than Grade 6. Students with different types of victimization show significant differences in school adaptation. Students in bullying victimization are more likely to experience lower school belonging and prosocial behavior, and higher aggressive behavior and withdrawal behavior. These results reveal that schools, teachers, and parents should pay close attention to bullying victimization types among primary students and help them deal with bullying victimization according to clear guidelines.

Including “generalized integrators” for sinusoidal signals, multiple resonant control (MRSC) scheme which can accurately compensate selected sinusoidal signals, is widely used as a high-performance current control method for grid-connected converters. In this article, the plug-in digital plug-in MRSC scheme is proposed to provide a general framework for housing various MRSC schemes, which plugs the MRSC controller into a stable feedback control loop. It can take advantages of both controllers—the feedback controller provides fast response and good robustness, and the MRSC controller offers accurate compensation of the periodic signals. More critically, based on a new type of sinusoidal signal model, the sufficient stability criteria and the gain tuning rules are developed to offer a simple universal approach to the design of the digital plug-in MRSC schemes. An application case study on the digital plug-in MRSC of a 5-kVA three-phase four-wire grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is provided. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed MRSC scheme can force the inverter to produce high-quality currents with high accuracy, fast transient response, and good robustness.

•We first determined the distribution of high-risk HPV subtypes in women from Maoming City and revealed several susceptibility alleles and a possible protective factor for HPV infection.•Unlike the European population, −DQB1*0402 may protect rather than render Maoming women susceptible to HPV infection.

•We first determined the distribution of high-risk HPV subtypes in women from Maoming City and revealed several susceptibility alleles and a possible protective factor for HPV infection.•Unlike the European population, −DQB1*0402 may protect rather than render Maoming women susceptible to HPV infection.

As a cathode material of AZIBs, VO-PPyd performs reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of Zn2+in the structure during charging and discharging.

Since the microgap between implant and surrounding connective tissue creates the pass for pathogen invasion, sustained pathological stimuli can accelerate macrophage‐mediated inflammation, therefore affecting peri‐implant tissue regeneration and aggravate peri‐implantitis. As the transmucosal component of implant, the abutment therefore needs to be biofunctionalized to repair the gingival barrier. Here, a mussel‐bioinspired implant abutment coating containing tannic acid (TA), cerium and minocycline (TA‐Ce‐Mino) is reported. TA provides pyrogallol and catechol groups to promote cell adherence. Besides, Ce3+/Ce4+conversion exhibits enzyme‐mimetic activity to remove reactive oxygen species while generating O2, therefore promoting anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization to help create a regenerative environment. Minocycline is involved on the TA surface to create local drug storage for responsive antibiosis. Moreover, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is revealed whereby the coating exhibits exogenous antioxidation from the inherent properties of Ce and TA and endogenous antioxidation through mitochondrial homeostasis maintenance and antioxidases promotion. In addition, it stimulates integrin to activate PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK pathways to enhance VEGF‐mediated angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Combining the antibiosis and multidimensional orchestration, TA‐Ce‐Mino repairs soft tissue barriers and effector cell differentiation, thereby isolating the immune microenvironment from pathogen invasion. Consequently, this study provides critical insight into the design and biological mechanism of abutment surface modification to prevent peri‐implantitis. A tannic acid based antibacterial coating on dental implant abutment is made to create connective tissue “barrier” for biosealing. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidation is enhanced because of Ce3+/Ce4+conversion and mitochondrial homeostasis maintenance. PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK are revealed as the underlying mechanism of regeneration. It provides critical insight into the design and biological mechanism of dental abutment surface modification.

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based membranes have been considered a promising candidate for the separation membrane due to their high porosity and controlled pore structure. However, the fabrication of a robust MOF-based membrane is commonly subject to the limitations of MOF particle agglomeration and interface defects. Herein, we propose a facile and effective approach for the preparation of a robust zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8)/protein hybrid membrane by introducing a phase-transited lysozyme (PTL) layer to mediate the growth of ZIF-8. The PTL layer was self-assembly on the ultrafiltration membrane and then ZIF-8 was in-situ growth to form a uniform ZIF-8/PTL hybrid layer. The prepared ZIF-8/PTL membrane possessed water permeance up to 39.5 L m−2h−1bar−1and high rejections (>99.0%) for heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the fabricated ZIF-8/PTL hybrid membrane was verified to have excellent antimicrobial activity and antifouling performance. These results indicate that as a simple and robust approach, PTL modification can be employed to construct new interfaces for mediating MOF growth, and the prepared MOF-based membranes have great potential for water treatment.

Infected bone defects (IBDs) exhibit impaired healing due to excessive inflammation triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria. As a vital factor in orchestrating immune responses, mitochondrial homeostasis maintenance is central to inflammation blockade. This research developed a chameleon-like nanoplatform by covering hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with a cerium ion coordinated tannic acid supramolecular network (HA@Ce-TA), which adaptively functions to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis based on intra- and extracellular environments. Extracellularly, acidic conditions activate HA@Ce-TA’s peroxidase/oxidase-mimicking activity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and external near-infrared (NIR) irradiation excites nanoscale Ce-TA to produce hyperthermia, which is found and explained by chemical computation. ROS production with photothermal therapy can eliminate bacteria effectively and reduce mitochondrial stress. Intracellularly, HA@Ce-TA remodels mitochondrial dynamics by upregulating mitochondrial fusion genes and eliminates excessive ROS by mimicking superoxidase/catalase. Consequently, this comprehensive modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis inhibits inflammasome overactivation. In vitroand in vivostudies showed HA@Ce-TA can modulate the mitochondria-centered inflammatory cascade to enhance IBD treatment, highlighting the potential of engineering nanotherapeutics to recalibrate mitochondrial homeostasis as an infected disease-modifying intervention.

The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) treated at a single institution during a 162-month period and to determine which patients need aggressive treatment. Two hundred seventy-three patients with PTMC had subtotal or total thyroidectomy 1 prophylactic or therapeutic lymph node dissection. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of 273 patients were identified and statistically analyzed. The tumors were multifocal in 36.3 per cent of the patients with PTMCs. Fifty-six per cent had neck lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Large-sized tumor (over 5 mm), age older than 45 years, multifocality, bilaterality, and extrathyroidal extension were associated with subclinical central lymph node metastases. Ninety-six patients older than 45 years of age were upgraded from Stage I to III or IVA. Ten patients with lateral node recurrence or local recurrence in the residual thyroid had one or more risk factors. The high rates of multifocality and Level VI area subclinical lymph node metastasis were two important clinical and histopathological characteristics of PTMC. Patients who had one or more risk factors should receive more aggressive surgical management.

The regeneration of bone defects in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is remarkably impaired by hyperglycemia and over-expressed proinflammatory cytokines, proteinases (such as matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs), etc. In view of the fact that exosomes represent a promising nanomaterial, herein, we reported the excellent capacity of stem cells from apical papilla-derived exosomes (SCAP-Exo) to facilitate angiogenesis and osteogenesis whether in normal or diabetic conditions in vitro. Then, a bioresponsive polyethylene glycol (PEG)/DNA hybrid hydrogel was developed to support a controllable release of SCAP-Exo for diabetic bone defects. This system could be triggered by the elevated pathological cue (MMP-9) in response to the dynamic diabetic microenvironment. It was further confirmed that the administration of the injectable SCAP-Exo-loaded PEG/DNA hybrid hydrogel into the mandibular bone defect of diabetic rats demonstrated a great therapeutic effect on promoting vascularized bone regeneration. In addition, the miRNA sequencing suggested that the mechanism of dual-functional SCAP-Exo might be related to highly expressed miRNA-126-5p and miRNA-150-5p. Consequently, our study provides valuable insights into the design of promising bioresponsive exosome-delivery systems to improve bone regeneration in diabetic patients.

A key challenge in the development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) is the design and engineering of electrode materials for electrochemical reactions. Transition metal oxalates (TMOxs) have been widely used in various EES applications due to their low cost, simple synthesis, and excellent electrochemical performance. In this review, the recent advances in the design and engineering of transition metal oxalate-based micro- and nanomaterials for EES are summarized. Specifically, the survey will focus on three types of micro- and nano-scale TMOxs (monometallic, bimetallic, and trimetallic TMOxs), their composites (TMOx-metal oxide, TMOx-hydroxide, TMOx-GO, and TMOx-MOFs composites), and derivatives, including transition metal oxides (TiO2, V2O5, MnxOy, Co3O4, NiO, CuO, and Nb2O5), multi-transition metal oxides (MCo2O4(M = Ni, Cu, and Zn), NiMn2O4, and NxOy-MxOy), transition metal sulfide (NiS2), and carbon materials (ordinary carbon, GO and their composites), within the context of their intrinsic structure and corresponding electrochemical performance. A range of experimental variables will be carefully analyzed, such as sample synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical reaction mechanism. The applications of these materials as EES electrodes are then featured for supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). We conclude the review with a perspective of future research prospects and challenges.