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ABSTRACTEfficient aggregation of temporal information is the basis for achieving video super-resolution. Most researchers have employed alignment or propagation to exploit the temporal information of consecutive frames. However, they frequently overlook the centrality of the reference frame in the model reconstruction when using temporal features. Thus, in this paper, we design a novel recurrent feature supplementation network. We divide the temporal information into three parts: surrounding, back propagation and forward propagation, and extract and fuse them separately. A new grouping approach is proposed for extracting features from the reference frame and its surroundings. The backward temporal fusion module and the forward temporal fusion module are designed to aggregate the backward and forward temporal information at a distance. The temporal fusion module is designed to aggregate temporal information from different parts. Moreover, we propose a feature supplementation mechanism to improve the stability of the model. The feature supplement module is devised to improve the utilization of input features and the stability of the model. Experiments demonstrate that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance.

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of the most important participants of antioxidant enzyme system in biological system. Previous studies have found that SOD1 is associated with many inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the associations of serum SOD1 with the severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients by a prospective cohort study.

Mitochondrial polarity is a critical indicator of numerous pathological and biological processes; thus, the development of fluorescent probes capable of targeting mitochondria and visually monitoring its polarity is of great significance. In this study, fluorescent probes were designed with a N, N-dialkylamino rhodol scaffold as the fluorophore sensitive to polarity environments, in which the alkyl chain length was adjusted rationally to obtain distinct polarity recognition modes. By integrating mitochondria targeting groups, three fluorogenic chemical probes ROML-1, ROML-2, and ROML-3have been obtained, featuring the capability to target mitochondria and monitor its polarity precisely, dynamically and visually. The probes displayed a distinctive response to the alterations in polarity. ROML-1and ROML-2followed a turn-on pattern while ROML-3was ratiometric. It has been demonstrated that the hypersensitivity to polarity and ratio fluorescence property of ROML-3was attributed to methyl groups rather than ethyl or butyl groups. The introduction of short methyl chains made the dihedral angle between the dialkylamino substituent and fluorophore of ROML-3(spirocyclic form) rotatable and enlarged the energy gap between the ground state and excited state, which has been validated by the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, ROML-3was used to monitor mitochondrial polarity via confocal microscopy imaging, which revealed that compared to healthy cells the polarity of mitochondria in cancer cells was enhanced; meanwhile, the polarity of mitochondria in senescent cells was higher in contrast with young cells. The present probe ROML-3has been proven to be an efficient tool to monitor mitochondrial polarity dynamics, which demonstrated potential significance in biomedical research and disease diagnosis.

Since drug release behavior depends on the interaction between the drugs and carriers, the present work is to study the drug delivery system based on magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides containing europium (MgAl-Eu-LDH) for chlorogenic acid (CGA). Various characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrum, zeta potentials, UV–Vis absorption spectrum, scanning electron scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), CHN elemental analysis, and fluorescent spectra, were employed to investigate the drug delivery system. Results revealed that the CGA was loaded into MgAl-Eu-LDH. The drug delivery system based on MgAl-Eu-LDH exhibited more slow and sustained release of CGA compared with that of the previous methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil, and the drug release experiment can be reproducible. Moreover, the MgAl-Eu-LDH showed different fluorescence before loading CGA, during loading CGA, and after releasing CGA. These results may provide a reference for the development of CGA drug delivery systems with slow and sustained release.

High-field magnets fabricated from Rare Earth-Barium-Copper-Oxide (REBCO) coated conductor (CC) tapes have substantial prospects across diverse application domains. The impregnation process is frequently employed to enhance the mechanical structure stability of superconducting magnets. However, impregnation can lead to damage, such as degradation of critical current (Ic). In this study, a three-dimensional multilayer delamination finite element (FE) model for REBCO CC tape is developed to investigate the impact of impregnation material parameters on damage behavior during the cooling process. Firstly, the accuracy of the established FE model and the feasibility of damage analysis were verified. Then the relationship between damage and Ic is established based on experimental data. It was found that when the normalized Ic degraded to 95%, the normalized damage area caused by both thermal and mechanical stresses was 0.22. Finally, after decoupling and analyzing the influence of each impregnation material parameter on the damage behavior of REBCO tape, the optimization direction of the impregnation material parameters is given from four aspects: material thickness, coefficient of thermal expansion, cohesive strength, and structural strength.

Text classification is a central part of natural language processing, with important applications in understanding the knowledge behind biomedical texts including electronic health records (EHR). In this article, we propose a novel heterogeneous graph convolutional network method for classifying EHR texts. Our method, called EHR-HGCN, is able to combine context-sensitive word and sentence embeddings with structural sentence-level and word-level relation information to perform text classification. EHR-HGCN reframes EHR text classification as a graph classification task to better capture structural information about the document using a heterogeneous graph. To mine contextual information from a document, EHR-HGCN first applies a bidirectional recurrent neural network (BiRNN) on word embeddings obtained via Global Vectors for word representation (GloVe) to obtain context-sensitive word-level and sentence-level embeddings. To mine structural relationships from the document, EHR-HGCN then constructs a heterogeneous graph over the word and sentence embeddings, where sentence-word and word-word relationships are represented by graph edges. Finally, a heterogeneous graph convolutional neural network is used to classify documents by their graph representation. We evaluate EHR-HGCN on a variety of standard text classification benchmarks and find that EHR-HGCN has higher accuracy and F1-score than other representative machine learning and deep learning methods. We also apply EHR-HGCN to the MedLit benchmark and find it performs with high accuracy and F1-score on the task of section classification in EHR texts. Our ablation experiments show that the heterogeneous graph construction and heterogeneous graph convolutional network are critical to the performance of EHR-HGCN.

Abstract: At high temperature, the chemical reaction mechanism at the interface of magnetite and the influence mechanism of gangue element Al on the oxidation performance of magnetite are not clear. In addition, due to the limitation of existing experimental equipment, it is difficult to clarify the interface reaction mechanism in the oxidation process and the influence mechanism of Al on the surface oxidation reaction of Fe3O4at an atomic scale at high temperature. The surface oxidation reaction mechanism of magnetite and the influence mechanism of Al on the oxidation of magnetite were studied by experiments and AIMD (ab initio molecular dynamics). The experimental results show that the existence of Al2O3will reduce the initial oxidation temperature and comprehensive oxidation performance of magnetite. The AIMD results show that aluminum can accelerate the interface reaction rate of Fe3O4in the high-temperature oxidation atmosphere, but the strong Al–O binding ability is not conducive to the transfer of O atoms in the oxidation process.

The effect of TiB2addition on microstructure refinement of the as-cast and reheated A517 steel has been investigated. 0.1 wt.% TiB2addition resulted in a reduction in equiaxed γ grain size from 990 ± 183 to 116 ± 35 μm and an increase in the volume fraction of equiaxed γ grain region from 5% to 67% in the as-cast A517 steel ingots. Microstructure analysis identified TiN particles rather than TiB2. This is attributed to the low thermodynamic stability of TiB2, leading to its decomposition into free Ti and B elements at an elevated temperature. Then, chemical reaction between the free Ti and residual nitrogen in the liquid resulted in the formation of TiN. Hence, it is considered that TiN acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the δ-ferrite. This initiated the refinement and columnar to equiaxed transition of δ-dendrites. As a result, the subsequently formed γ grains were correspondingly refined. Such microstructure refinement led to improvement of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast A517 steel. However, the reheating of the as-cast A517 steel resulted in a marginal microstructure refinement in the samples with low TiB2addition. This is attributed to the limited pinning effect of the coarse TiN particles formed during casting process. Consequently, the tensile properties of the reheated A517 steel remained unaffected by the TiB2addition.

In this paper, a new modelling approach is proposed for the dynamic investigation of epicyclic gear train, and the novelty of this work lies in consideration of both structural flexibility and mechanical interactions during the analysis procedure. The method is of capacity to directly present the dynamic results of the supporting structure for convenient practical engineering evaluation and reduce the dimension of the system reasonably with appropriate assumptions for better computational efficiency. Firstly, the mechanical interactions among components are discussed in detail, and the principle that the structural flexibility works is also explained at length. Secondly, taking the epicyclic gear train of the geared turbofan (GTF) engine; for example, the dynamic model of the system is then established based on the developed hybrid user-defined elements. For model validation, the governing equations of the system are also derived by the lumped mass method. Thirdly, with the same values of the parameters, the results of normal dynamic meshing force obtained by the proposed model are compared with the ones by the lumped mass model. It can be stated from the data that (1) the maximum relative error between the theoretical value and the average value calculated by the two models is 8.28%, (2) the gear mesh frequency obtained by the two models are sufficiently close to the theoretical value, and (3) the fluctuation trends of the dynamic force keep basically consistent with each other. In summary, the comparison presented clearly indicates that the proposed model is indeed reasonable, which provides a new way for dynamic investigation and structural redesign of a large epicyclic gear train. Finally, as a practical engineering application, the vibration result of the deformable supporting structure of the GTF gear train is also presented, which directly provides valuable reference for vibration monitoring, fault diagnosis and other engineering problems in practice.

Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a group of low-grade malignant tumors originating from the endolymphatic sac of the inner ear. It is rare in the clinic and has the biological characteristics of slow growth and local aggression. Due to the lack of specificity in the clinical manifestations of patients with ELST, many cases have entered the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. However, there are still great challenges in the treatment of advanced ELSTs. Here, the authors describe a case of advanced ELST, which relapsed after 2 operations. This time, the authors chose the transotic approach for tumor resection, which achieved the goal of complete resection of the tumor, and the patient recovered smoothly after surgery. There were no surgical complications and no tumor recurrence after the follow-up. Through literature review and our own experience, the authors suggest that complete surgical resection is the first choice for both primary and recurrent advanced ELSTs. The choice of a reasonable surgical approach is the key to ensuring complete resection of the tumor, while preoperative angiography and embolization, fine treatment of important structures during surgery, and postoperative long-term follow-up are equally important for patients with advanced ELST to obtain a good prognosis.

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps can energize HTS magnets wirelessly, eliminating the need for bulky current leads and associated cryogenic heat load, which are promising for magnet applications. Transformer-rectifier flux pumps (TRFPs) are clear in physics, with simple circuit topology, and have good controllability, becoming an ideal approach. Existing work on TRFP mainly focuses on principle, circuit design, and optimization, whereas ancillaries, such as power supplies, control, and monitoring systems, are largely ignored. However, in order to enhance the technological readiness level of TRFPs, optimization of these ancillaries is indispensable. In this work, we designed and developed an integrated flux pump controller together with a compact self-rectifier-type flux pump. We achieved onboard integration of the flux pump power supply, data acquisition system, feedback control system, and user interface. The highly integrated system can be used to ramp or stabilize current in an HTS magnet. The small footprint, lightweight, low power demand, and low-cost system may substantially boost TRFP applications in HTS magnets.

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A standard form of Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa(WKI)-type integrable systems is derived from an sl(2,R)-valued spectral problem. Each equation in the resulting hierarchy has a bi-Hamiltonian structure furnished by the trace identity. Then, the higher grading affine algebraic construction of some special cases is proposed. We also show that the generalized short pulse equation arises naturally from the negative WKI flow.

To stabilize Cu0/Cu+during CO2RR process, herein, we have successfully developed a general nitridation strategy for direct synthesis of transition metal nitride by N2cold plasma treatment generating Cu0/Cu+-on-Ag interface from Cu0, including Cu3N and CuN3. This work represents a new and significant method for the design and preparation of Cu-based electrocatalysts with high-efficiency, mild condition, and stable CO2RR-to-C2 products.

Hydrophobicity detection is of great significance to the condition monitoring of composite insulators, is an important guarantee for the safe operation of transmission lines. Therefore, this article proposes a hydrophobicity diagnosis method based on an improved residual neural network. The method consists of an improved residual neural network, an image quality booster, and an image enhancement module. Among them, the improved residual network reduces the convergence time of the model by adding the Focus algorithm. The image quality booster uses a deconvolution algorithm to effectively solve the image distortion problem. At the same time, the image enhancement module improves the generalization ability of the model through the GEM algorithm. On the other hand, the method locates the diagnostic area of composite insulators in a weakly supervised manner and is able to evaluate the hydrophobicity level of insulators at different locations simultaneously. Field tests show that this method can well meet the actual maintenance needs and eliminate the judgment difference of manual detection. Compared with current hydrophobic detection models, the method has greater advantages in terms of detection accuracy and operating speed.

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor. Activation of FXR significantly impacts the expressions of the pivotal genes involved in bile acid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and homeostasis of lipid and glucose, leading to considerable interests in developing FXR agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or other FXR-relevant diseases. Herein, we describe the design, optimization, and characterization of a series of N-methylene-piperazinyl derivatives as the nonbile acid FXR agonists. Particularly, compound 23(HPG1860), a potent full FXR agonist, shows high selectivity, favorable ADME and pharmacokinetics profile, along with favorable in vivoactivities demonstrated in both rodent PD model and HFD-CCl4model and is currently in clinical development in patients with NASH in phase II.

ABSTRACT Based on the performance requirements for airport pavement concrete, this study analyzes the mechanical properties, fatigue properties and damage characteristics of rubber-modified recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) with waste rubber [...]

The synthesis and properties of a family of high-performance polyethylene–proton exchange membranes (PE-PEMs) are discussed. The combination of copolymerization of ethylene with conjugated alkenes (including isoprene, butadiene, and myrcene) by scandium catalysts and further transformation of the carbon–carbon double bonds of the resulting copolymers into sulfonic acid groups and cross-linked structures efficiently, and in an environmentally friendly manner, affords PE-PEMs with well-controlled molecular structures. A systematic structure–property study of PE-PEMs indicates that (i) the block distribution of sulfonic acid groups in long polyethylene blocks, (ii) the incorporation of sulfonic acid groups by carbon–carbon double bonds of 3,4-polyisoprene, and (iii) the introduction of an alkyl chain thiol cross-linked structure are beneficial to the formation of a developed phase-separation structure, which is advantageous in improving the dimension and oxidation stabilities, conductivity, proton/methanol selectivity, and mechanical properties of PE-PEMs. The most desirable PE-PEMs with 30 mol % block distributed sulfonic acid groups and a 6 mol % cross-linked structure affords a good combination of desirable properties, including conductivity (188 mS cm–1), swelling ratio (23%), fuel barrier properties (proton/methanol selectivity: 0.71 × 105S s cm–3; hydrogen penetration: 11.1 Barrer), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 45 MPa, elongation of 273%), and oxidation stability (maintain over 73.8% conductivity with 24 h). A single cell with desirable PE-PEM shows open-circuit voltage and peak power density of 0.98 V and 424 mW cm–2, respectively.

The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft. This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture. Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration, a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective, which is constituted of makespan, load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit. Solution approach is developed for the model. Firstly, based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles, the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods. We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique, local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded. Besides, the random-key solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution. The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm. Finally, on a set of generated realistic instances, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency, and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.

Direct current (dc) transformers are an important component of the multiterminal interconnected flexible dc distribution network. However, it is apt to suffer from the inrush current, which can trigger the shutdown protection and threaten the reliability of the system and equipment. In this article, a 2-MW dc transformer is developed for a T-connected star type multiterminal flexible dc distribution network, where the dual active bridge (DAB) converter is one of the important components. The design of the key parameters is also presented. Based on the steady-state model of the dc transformer, the overcurrent mechanism is elaborated and a suppression strategy of H-bridge temporary blocking and DAB not blocking is proposed, which can automatically clear the fault current. Simulations and practical engineering tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method, which provides engineering practical value.

Background and objectives: Cumulative lipid profile burden is designed to dynamically measure lipid accumulation, and its effect on hypertension has been poorly studied. Our main purpose was to investigate the effect of cumulative lipid profile burden on the incidence of essential hypertension (EH) and to investigate whether cumulative lipid burden mediates the pathogenesis of the effects of diet and obesity on EH. Subjects and methods: A total of 1295 participants were included in the study, which started in 2017. The average follow-up time was 2.98 years. A total of 240 EH patients occurred during the follow-up period. Results: The HR(95% CI) of the highest quartile in cumulative Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) burden were 1.747 (1.145 - 2.664), 1.502 (1.038 - 2.173), 0.615 (0.413 - 0.917) for incidence of EH respectively, compared to the respective reference groups. Participants with EH consumed more red meat and refined grains, and red meat was positively associated with cumulative TC burden. BMI and Waist-To-Height Ratio (WHtR) increased the incidence of EH, and obesity was positively correlated with cumulative TG burden. Mediating analysis showed that cumulative TG had a partial mediating effect in the causal relationship between obesity and EH, and Mendelian randomization (MR) also proved this result. Diet was not found to influence EHn through cumulative lipid profile burden. Conclusions: The cumulative TG burden partially mediates the effect of obesity on EH.

Roxarsone (ROX) is a commonly used antibacterial and growth-promoting additive to animal feed. The development of an effective method for detecting ROX and its conversion products is of importance because of their potential harm to human health and ecosystem. Herein, we report the designed synthesis of a novel one-dimensional covalent organic framework (1D COF), named EP-COF, and its application as a fluorescent probe for ROX sensing. EP-COF is constructed based on imine linkages, exhibiting high crystallinity, strong fluorescence emission, and good dispersibility in water. It displays a remarkable capability to efficiently detect ROX, with an impressive detection limit of 4.5 nmol/L. Moreover, EP-COF also offers advantages of excellent selectivity, and high structural stability. This work not only presents a promising approach for the detection of harmful substances like ROX, but also serves as a valuable reference for exploring application of 1D COFs in chemical sensing.

Graphical Abstract:

This study investigates the denitrification performance of Fe5Mn3Mo3/TiO2catalysts prepared using citric acid-assisted impregnation (CA) and conventional impregnation (IM) methods in the context of NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction. Specifically, the influence of citric acid quantity on the catalytic activity is studied, with a special emphasis on Fe5Mn3Mo3/TiO2-0.5CA variant. Our results demonstrate that Fe5Mn3Mo3/TiO2-0.5CA exhibits superior low-temperature activity and prolonged stability compared to the conventional impregnation method. Remarkably, operating temperature window based on 80 % denitrification activity is T80= 190–405 °C. Furthermore, the Fe5Mn3Mo3/TiO2-0.5CA maintains a noteworthy 98 % NO conversion at 300 °C for a duration of 100 hours. The excellent performance is attributed to the highly dispersed nature of the active species, the large specific surface area, the low apparent activation energy, and a robust interaction between the active components and the substrate. XPS analysis reveals a significantly higher Oα/(Oα+Oβ) ratio for Fe5Mn3Mo3/TiO2-0.5CA, underscoring the effectiveness of citric acid modification in promoting the formation of Fe2+species. This research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of catalysts for efficient denitrification processes.

Objective: This study aimed to observe the clinical and immune response characteristics of vaccinated persons infected with the delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Yangzhou, China. Methods: We extracted the medical data of 129 patients with delta-variant infection who were admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (Yangzhou, China) between August and September, 2021. The patients were grouped according to the number of vaccine doses received into an unvaccinated group: a one-dose group and a two-dose group. The vaccine used was SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine developed by Sinovac. We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. Results: Almost all patients with delta-variant infection in Yangzhou were elderly, and patients with severe/critical illness were over 70 years of age. The rates of severe/critical illness (P=0.006), fever (P=0.025), and dyspnea (P=0.045) were lower in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group. Compared to the unvaccinated group, the two-dose group showed significantly higher lymphocyte counts and significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer during hospitalization and a significantly higher positive rate of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies at admission (all P<0.05). The cumulative probabilities of hospital discharge and negative virus conversion were also higher in the two-dose group than in the unvaccinated group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2-inactivated vaccine were highly effective at limiting symptomatic disease and reducing immune response, while a single dose did not seem to be effective.

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As a member of the curcuminoid compound family, curcumin (Cur) has many interesting therapeutic properties. However, its low aqueous solubility and stability have resulted in poor bioavailability and restricted clinical efficacy. Based on size matching, β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP), with its hydrophilic polymer chains and hydrophobic cavities, can form an inclusion complex with Cur. To improve the water solubility and stability of Cur, a simple and eco-friendly grinding method was designed to form β-CDP inclusion complexes. According to the Boltzmann–Hamel's method and Job's method, the molar ratio of the β-CD unit in β-CDP to Cur was determined to be 1:1. The diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy of Cur-β-CDP were calculated in an electrochemical study. This supramolecular complex worked well in vitroto inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells HepG2. Remarkably, this method visibly reduced the undesirable side effects on normal cells, without weakening the anti-cancer activity of the drugs. We expect that the obtained host–guest complex will provide a new approach for delivering natural drug molecules, having low water solubility.

During the production process of high temperature and high pressure gas well, high temperature fluids are produced from the formation. The change of wellbore temperature and pressure, due to the change of production, has an important impact on the production tubular column, which threatens the safety of the completion tubular column and the integrity of the wellbore. A single-phase gas transient flow temperature–pressure​ coupling mathematical model is developed for the fluid in the tubular column during gas well production, and the pressure and temperature distribution patterns of the gas in the tubular column during gas well production are obtained, and the influence of production rate on the temperature–pressure distribution in the tubular column during gas well production is analyzed. The coupled temperature–pressure model takes into account the mutual influence of temperature and pressure during the transient flow of gas in the column, and the comparison with the measured data in the field and the calculation results of the analytical model shows that the coupled model has higher accuracy. The model will provide theoretical support for the selection and optimal design of completion production tubular tools.

Autonomous excavation operation is a major trend in the development of a new generation of intelligent tunnel boring machines (TBMs). However, existing technologies are limited to supervised machine learning and static optimization, which cannot outperform human operation and deal with ever changing geological conditions and the long-term performance measure. The aim of this study is to resolve the problem of dynamic optimization of the shield excavation performance, as well as to achieve autonomous optimal excavation. In this study, a novel autonomous optimal excavation approach that integrates deep reinforcement learning and optimal control is proposed for shield machines. Based on a first-principles analysis of the machine-ground interaction dynamics of the excavation process, a deep neural network model is developed using construction field data consisting of 1.1 million samples. The multi-system coupling mechanism is revealed by establishing an overall system model. Based on the overall system analysis, the autonomous optimal excavation problem is decomposed into a multi-objective dynamic optimization problem and an optimal control problem. Subsequently, a dimensionless multi-objective comprehensive excavation performance measure is proposed. A deep reinforcement learning method is used to solve for the optimal action sequence trajectory, and optimal closed-loop feedback controllers are designed to achieve accurate execution. The performance of the proposed approach is compared to that of human operation by using the construction field data. The simulation results show that the proposed approach not only has the potential to replace human operation but also can significantly improve the comprehensive excavation performance.

The author discusses the Silent Mentor Program in medical schools, the concepts of which contextualize the human body and medicine within families and society in 2023. Topics covered include the stripping of cadaver identities in traditional anatomy programs to effect objective learning, and the continuing humanistic thoughts of students and educators on the bodies they are working on. The author notes that the program's promotion of gratitude and respect is the essence of health care.

When confronted with heat stress, plants depend on the timely activation of cellular defences to survive by perceiving the rising temperature. However, how plants sense heat at the whole-plant level has remained unanswered. Here we demonstrate that shoot apical nitric oxide (NO) bursting under heat stress as a signal triggers cellular heat responses at the whole-plant level on the basis of our studies mainly using live-imaging of transgenic plants harbouring pHsfA2::LUC, micrografting, NO accumulation mutants and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we validate that S-nitrosylation of the trihelix transcription factor GT-1 by S-nitrosoglutathione promotes its binding to NO-responsive elements in the HsfA2promoter and that loss of function of GT-1disrupts the activation of HsfA2and heat tolerance, revealing that GT-1 is the long-sought mediator linking signal perception to the activation of cellular heat responses. These findings uncover a heat-responsive mechanism that determines the timing and execution of cellular heat responses at the whole-plant level.

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After injury, the endometrium cannot self-repair or regenerate because damage to the uterine basal layer often leads to intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), which can cause serious problems such as infertility and recurrent miscarriage. At present, no clinically effective method is available for the treatment of IUAs. With its advantages of being individualized and precise, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has been used to regenerate various damaged tissues and organs. Granulate colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) clearly plays a positive role in endometrial regeneration, but precise and individualized drug applications are a prerequisite for improving the therapeutic effect of G-CSF. This study utilized a 3D-printed hydrogel in combination with a sustained-release microsphere (SRM) system to prepare a 3D-printed G-CSF-SRM system (3D microsphere) in vitro. The system advantageously allowed the spatial control of drug distribution and structural individualization. In addition to being long-acting and having a sustained release, the 3D microspheres increased the local concentration of G-CSF. Using a Sprague–Dawley rat IUA model, we confirmed that the 3D microspheres promoted local endometrial regeneration, significantly suppressed endometrium tissue fibrosis, and improved endometrial cell (epithelial and stromal cell) and vascular regeneration. The 3D microspheres significantly improved the endometrial receptivity and restored the pregnancy function of the damaged endometrium. We believe that the 3D-printed G-CSF-SRM hydrogel scaffold design concept may be used to develop a more precise and individualized treatment method for the structural and functional repair of damaged endometrial tissues.

In the present research, ofloxacin (OFL) degradation using ZnO photocatalyst combined with persulfate (PS) under simulated sunlight was examined. The effects of some key parameters including ZnO dosage, initial PS concentration, initial pH and inorganic ions on OFL degradation were investigated in ZnO-PS system. The results showed that adding PS to ZnO photocatalytic system can dramatically improve the efficiency for OFL degradation. It was found that 99.2% of OFL can be removed within 16 min under the optimal controlled condition (initial OFL concentration: 10 mg L−1, initial molar ratio of PS to OFL: 40:1, ZnO dosage: 0.4 g L−1and initial pH: 7.0). The presence of inorganic anions and cations inhibit the degradation reaction in varying degrees. The scavenging experimental results indicated that reactive species (O2•−and h+) contribute mainly to OFL degradation. By employing LC–MS/MS technique, fourteen degradation products of OFL were identified and were involved in four plausible degradation pathways. The toxicity level of the degradation products of OFL was found to be low in general. The obtained result in the current work suggests that ZnO-PS process should be an effective technique in the aqueous removal of OFL.

The Calvin–Benson cycle (CBC) consists of three critical processes, including fixation of CO2by Rubisco, reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) to triose phosphate (triose-P) with NADPH and ATP generated by the light reactions, and regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) from triose-P. The activities of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the CBC, were found more significantly affected and regulated in plants challenged with high temperature stress, including Rubisco, Rubisco activase (RCA) and the enzymes involved in RuBP regeneration, such as sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase). Over the past years, the regulatory mechanism of CBC, especially for redox-regulation, has attracted major interest, because balancing flux at the various enzymatic reactions and maintaining metabolite levels in a range are of critical importance for the optimal operation of CBC under high temperature stress, providing insights into the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding the identification of various layers of regulation point to the key enzymes of CBC for acclimation to environmental temperature changes along with open questions are also discussed.

α-Aminophosphonate analogues containing a phthalazine skeleton were efficiently obtained by a new transition-metal-free addition of dialkyl phosphites to phthalazin-2-ium bromide under mild conditions. A mechanistic study using isotope labeling and radical inhibition experiment revealed that the present transformation passes through a nucleophilic addition of dialkyl phosphates, rather than an insertion of P-H to carbenes.

Byline: Gui. Yong-Xian, Li. Xiao-Huan, Zhang. Fan, Tian. Guo-Fang Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which gemcitabine (gem) inhibits proliferation and induces [...]

By use of a THF‐containing trimethylsilylmethyl scandium catalyst system (C5Me4SiMe3)Sc(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], the multi‐component copolymerization of 10‐bromo‐1‐decene (BrDC) with ethylene, propylene, and dienes has been achieved to afford a new family of bromine‐functionalized polyolefins with controllable composition and high molecular weight. The copolymerization of BrDC with ethylene afforded the well‐defined BrDC–ethylene copolymers with high BrDC incorporation (up to 12 mol%) and high molecular weight (Mw> 100 kg mol−1). The terpolymerization of propylene, ethylene with BrDC afforded random ethylene–propylene–BrDC terpolymers with controllable bromine content (2 ~ 11 mol%), high molecular weight (Mw> 100 kg mol−1) and low glass transition temperature (Tg= −51 °C ~ −67 °C). Moreover, the tetrapolymerization of ethylene, propylene, BrDC, and ethylidene norbornene or conjugated dienes such as isoprene and myrcene has been achieved for the first time to afford selectively the bromine‐functionalized ethylene–propylene–diene rubbers containing various types of double bonds.

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Under the present situation of diversification of users' needs, rapid technological innovation and internationalization, most Japanese manufacturers are required, as a management strategy, to develop an effective production system with small lot size and short production lead time. In order to meet these requirements, CIMS(computer-integrated manufacturing system) has been developed and introduced for practical use as a new computer-based production system. CIMS is characterized as an integrated system of software and hardware for production management with the purpose of meeting market requirements and counteracting fluctuations in users' demand by maintaining effective production planning and control. The style of CIMS varies with conditions of production and goals of system design. The purpose of this study is to investigate its effectiveness and examine future problems of system integration of CIMS in terms of production management in Japanese manufacturing companies. Keywords: CIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system), System Integration, Production Management

Palladium nanocatalyst supported on dimethylamino‐functionalized syndiotactic polystyrene (Pd@sPS‐NMe2) showed high activity and selectivity for the N‐monomethylation of various primary amines using methanol as methylation reagent under air. The excellent catalytic performance could be associated with the ultrafine palladium nanoparticles and high amine‐adsorbing capacity of the catalyst. The Pd@sPS‐NMe2catalyst was highly robust, and could be easily recovered by filtration and reused more than ten times without decrease in activity and selectivity. The Pd@sPS‐NMe2catalyst can serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the N‐monomethylation of primary amines using methanol as methylation reagent under the air. The excellent catalytic performance could be associated with the ultrafine palladium nanoparticles and high amine adsorbing capacity of the Pd@sPS‐NMe2catalyst. The catalyst is highly robust and can be recovered and reused.

Investigating the role of surface-modified 3D printed titanium implants in modulating oral soft tissue closure and antimicrobial properties. Eighteen 6-month-old healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits were selected as experimental animals, the left and right mandibular teeth of each experimental animal were randomly divided into two groups, and the bilateral first premolar teeth were extracted after general anesthesia, and one implant was implanted into each of the magnesium/zinc ionized surface-treated group (experimental group) and the surface-untreated group (control group), with a total of 36 implants, i.e., 18 implants for the experimental group and 18 implants for the control group. Bilateral mandibular samples from both groups were removed after 2 and 4 weeks of implantation to investigate the attachment and spreading of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on the surface of the samples, their proliferative and migratory behaviors as well as the expression levels of related gene proteins (CoL-1 and TGF-β), and HE staining of the soft tissues of the samples and inflammatory cell counts. After 2 and 4 weeks of implantation, the experimental group’s HGFs adhesion and spreading were significantly better than that of the control group, the migration and proliferation of HGFs were significantly greater than that of the control group (p< .05), and the expression of CoL-1 and TGF-β genes was significantly higher than that of the control group (p< .05), and the inflammatory cell count was significantly smaller than that of the control group (p< .05). Surface modification by magnesium and zinc ions enhances the sealing performance and antimicrobial performance of 3D printed titanium implants in oral soft tissues, with significant effects.

Climate change significantly impacts human health, exacerbating existing health inequalities and creating new ones. This study addresses the lack of systematic review in this area by analyzing 2440 publications, focusing on four key terms: health, disparities, environmental factors, and climate change. Strict inclusion criteria limited the selection to English-language, peer-reviewed articles related to climate health hazards, ensuring the relevance and rigor of the synthesized studies. This process synthesized 65 relevant studies. Our investigation revealed that recent research, predominantly from developed countries, has broadened its scope beyond temperature-related impacts to encompass diverse climate hazards, including droughts, extreme weather, floods, mental health issues, and the intersecting effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Research has highlighted exposure as the most studied element in the causal chain of climate change-related health inequalities, followed by adaptive capability and inherent sensitivity. The most significant vulnerabilities were observed among populations with low socioeconomic status, ethnic minorities, and women. The study further reveals research biases and methodological limitations, such as the paucity of attention to underdeveloped regions, a narrow focus on non-temperature-related hazards, challenges in attributing climate change effects, and a deficit of large-scale empirical studies. The findings call for more innovative research approaches and a holistic integration of physical, socio-political, and economic dimensions to enrich climate-health discourse and inform equitable policy-making.