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Elderly persons can get involved in the criminal justice system as victims or as perpetrators. The interaction of elderly persons with mental illness at various cross-sections of the judicial process needs thoughtful consideration. Through this review, the authors approach this less studied aspect of forensic psychiatry. Concerning the evaluation of a prisoner, three scenarios need focused consideration: evaluation for fitness to stand trial before a competent court, evaluations for an insanity defense, and fitness for sentencing. At the same time, incarcerated elderly who developed dementia or a severe mental illness at any point of time during the trial or in prison need specific approaches. In this article, the authors discuss the acts and case laws relevant to navigating these legal scenarios. We discuss existing mental health care provisions for protecting the health interests of elderly care in prison.

Colonoscopy has proven to be an active diagnostic tool that examines the lower half of the digestive system’s anomalies. This paper confers a Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) method for polyps from colonoscopy images that helps to diagnose the early stage of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). The proposed method consists primarily of image enhancement, followed by the creation of a saliency map, feature extraction using the Histogram of Oriented-Gradients (HOG) feature extractor, and classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). We present an efficient image enhancement algorithm for highlighting clinically significant features in colonoscopy images. The proposed enhancement approach can improve the overall contrast and brightness by minimizing the effects of inconsistent illumination conditions. Detailed experiments have been conducted using the publicly available colonoscopy databases CVC ClinicDB, CVC ColonDB and the ETIS Larib. The performance measures are found to be in terms of precision (91.69%), recall (81.53%), F1-score (86.31%) and F2-score (89.45%) for the CVC ColonDB database and precision (90.29%), recall (61.73%), F1-score (73.32%) and F2-score (82.64%) for the ETIS Larib database. Comparison with the futuristic method shows that the proposed approach surpasses the existing one in terms of precision, F1-score, and F2-score. The proposed enhancement with saliency-based selection significantly reduced the number of search windows, resulting in an efficient polyp detection algorithm.

3D printing refers to process used to create a 3D object in which the material is joined or solidified with materials being added together. 3D printing Prototyping and tooling to direct part manufacturing in industrial sectors such as architectural, medical, dental, aerospace, automotive, furniture and jewellery are the potential applications of the additive manufacturing. This study describes certain aspects that must be controlled in and around an entry-level rapid prototyping 3-dimensional technology platform to investigate printing quality and optimization of the process. PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) material is to be used for making components. Printing speed, Layer thickness and Fill density are selected as 3D printing process parameters whereas component hardness and surface roughness are selected as responses. L9 layout is too followed for experimentation. Taguchi method is to be employed for the optimisation. Result of the study shows that, the longer thickness and printing speed are most influential parameters in developing surface roughness and component hardness respectively.