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•Administration of intranasal insulin reduced incidence of postoperative delirium.•Intranasal insulin reduced levels of inflammatory markers after surgery.•Intranasal insulin did not induce hypoglycemia or other serious side effects.

ABSTRACTTraditionally, circular RAN hsa_circ_0008035 was proven to function as a tumor inhibitor in gastric cancer. Nevertheless, much less was known about hsa_circ_0008035 in osteosarcoma (OSA). This project was undertaken to assess the role of hsa_circ_0008035 in OSA.Hsa_circ_0008035 level in serum of OSA patients, OSA tissues and cell lines were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. After downregulation or overexpression of hsa_circ_0008035, cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were tested in MG63, SAOS-2 or hFOB1.19 cells. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-375 was analyzed. The binding between hsa_circ_0008035 and miR-375 was confirmed using bioinformatics and luciferase assay. Subsequently, the effects of miR-375 inhibition on MG63 cell growth and migratory potential were reevaluated. Eventually, the activating status of Notch pathway was assessed by Western blot.Our results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0008035 was overexpressed in serum of OSA patients, OSA tissues and cells. Silencing hsa_circRNA_0008035 impeded OSA cell growth and migration, while hsa_circ_0008035 facilitated cell behaviors of hFOB1.19 cells. Additionally, hsa_circ_0008035 negatively modulated miR-375 expression. Meanwhile, miR-375 inhibition overturned the suppressive effects of silencing hsa_circRNA_0008035 on OSA cell behaviors. Furthermore, silencing hsa_circ_0008035 perturbed Notch pathway by adjusting miR-375 expression.In conclusion, silencing hsa_circRNA_0008035 exerted repressive function on OSA cell growth and migration and Notch pathway by accelerating miR-375.

Natural language processing (NLP) based on deep learning provides a positive performance for generative dialogue system, and the transformer model is a new boost in NLP after the advent of word vectors. In this paper, a Chinese generative dialogue system based on transformer is designed, which only uses a multi-layer transformer decoder to build the system and uses the design of an incomplete mask to realize one-way language generation. That is, questions can perceive context information in both directions, while reply sentences can only output one-way autoregressive. The above system improvements make the one-way generation of dialogue tasks more logical and reasonable, and the performance is better than the traditional dialogue system scheme. In consideration of the long-distance information weakness of absolute position coding, we put forward the improvement of relative position coding in theory, and verify it in subsequent experiments. In the transformer module, the calculation formula of self-attention is modified, and the relative position information is added to replace the absolute position coding of the position embedding layer. The performance of the modified model in BLEU, embedding average, grammatical and semantic coherence is ideal, to enhance long-distance attention.

The redundant wavelet transform has the translation invariant property, and the motion estimation can achieve better results in the redundant wavelet domain. This paper proposes the redundant discrete wavelet transformation (RDWT) for motion estimation and compensation in video compression and compensation of moving target image, and a fast adaptive block matching motion estimation algorithm based on redundant wavelet transform. This paper also introduces the methods of image domain search, starting point prediction and motion estimation into the redundant wavelet transform, and the study method based on optical flow which can enhance the transmission robustness with low redundancy. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the time required for motion estimation and improve the efficiency of motion estimation, and the subjective quality of the motion estimation is very good. The research results can provide technical support for robot vision system.

The physicochemical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are highly related to their structures and usually stable in air. However, under certain conditions they could be transformed into different structures due to oxidation. Considering this, various materials with fascinating structures have been explored by oxidation strategies, which possess novel properties and great potential in various applications such as solar batteries, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, and field effect transistors (FET). In this review, we systematically summarize the atomic structures of TMD oxidized variants and the corresponding fabrication approaches. Utilizing various characterization methods, the chemical components of TMD oxidized variants are illustrated. Furthermore, we expound the promising applications of the oxidized variants. This review is expected to provide a new insight for preparing precise materials at the atomic level through corresponding oxidation strategies.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE), translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) and apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1) may extend lifespan by marked delay or escape from age-related diseases. This study aimed to elucidate the association of human longevity with genetic variations in TOMM40/APOE/APOC1region in a Chinese population. Ten tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TOMM40/APOE/APOC1region were successfully genotyped in 616 unrelated long-lived individuals and 846 younger controls. Of the 10 SNPs, rs7254892 in 5' upstream of TOMM40showed significant association with human longevity (G/A–A/A vs G/G: odds ratio (OR)=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.20–2.09, P=0.0011, Bonferroni corrected P(Pc)=0.033). The haplotype analysis suggested that individuals carrying the haplotype A–A–A–A–T–A–T–G–C–A(rs7254892–rs157580–rs2075649–rs2075650–rs157582–rs8106922–rs1160985–rs405697–rs439401–rs445925) tended to have longer lifespan than those carrying the most common haplotype G–G–A–A–C–A–C–A–T–G (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.19–2.12, P=0.0018, Pc=0.0216). These findings indicated that variants in TOMM40/APOE/APOC1region might be associated with human longevity. Further studies are needed to identify the causal genetic variants influencing human longevity.

Notch signaling, a critical pathway in cell fate determination, is well known to be involved in immune and inflammatory reactions, whereas its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. Here, we report that notch signal activity is upregulated in lung tissue harvested from an ALI mouse model (induced by zymosan). We showed that notch signal activity in lung tissue was increased 6 h after zymosan injection and peaked at 24 h. Inhibition of notch signaling by either pre– or post–zymosan treatment with N-N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) significantly reduced lung injury, characterized by improvement in lung histopathology, lung permeability (protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio), lung inflammation (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell count, lung myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor ), and also alleviated systemic inflammation and tissue damage, thus increasing the 7-day survival rate in zymosan-challenged mice. In conclusion, the role of notch signaling is functionally significant in the development of ALI. Inhibition of notch signaling by pretreatment or posttreatment with DAPT likely exerts its effects in part by mediating the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and influencing tissue neutrophil recruitment. These results also imply that notch inhibitors may help attenuate local inflammatory lung damage.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Recently, our and other studies have found that hydrogen gas (H2) treatment can ameliorate the lung injury induced by sepsis, ventilator, hyperoxia, and ischemia-reperfusion. However, the molecular mechanisms by which H2ameliorates lung injury remain unclear. In the current study, we investigated whether H2or hydrogen-rich saline (HS) could exert protective effects in a mouse model of ALI induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting the nuclear factor B (NF-B) signaling pathway–mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Two percent of H2was inhaled for 1 h beginning at 1 and 6 h after LPS administration, respectively. We found that LPS-challenged mice exhibited significant lung injury characterized by the deterioration of histopathology and histologic scores, wet-to-dry weight ratio, and oxygenation index (PaO2FIO2), as well as total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which was attenuated by H2treatment. Hydrogen gas treatment inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary early and late NF-B activation. Moreover, H2treatment dramatically prevented the LPS-induced pulmonary cell apoptosis in LPS-challenged mice, as reflected by the decrease in TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining–positive cells and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, H2treatment markedly attenuated LPS-induced lung neutrophil recruitment and inflammation, as evidenced by downregulation of lung myeloperoxidase activity, total cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in BALF, as well as proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor , interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and high-mobility group box 1) and chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein MIP 1, MIP-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) in BALF. In addition, i.p. injection of 10 mLkg hydrogen-rich saline also significantly attenuated the LPS-induced ALI. Collectively, these results demonstrate that molecular hydrogen treatment ameliorates LPS-induced ALI through reducing lung inflammation and apoptosis, which may be associated with the decreased NF-B activity. Hydrogen gas may be useful as a novel therapy to treat ALI.

Decision tree is an important learning method in machine learning and data mining ,this paper discusses the method of choosing the best attribute based on information entropy .It analyzes the process and the characters of classification and the discovery knowledge based on decision tree about the application of decision tree on data mining .Through an instance ,the paper shows the procedure of selecting the decision attribute in detail ,finally it pointes out the developing trends of decision tree.

The unique structural features represented by micro-nanoneedle tip structure reflect wonderful physical and chemical properties. The tip effect includes the concentration of energy such as electrons, photons and magnetism in the tip region, which has promising applications in the fields of energy conversion, water capture, environmental restoration and so on. In this review, a comprehensive and systematic summary of the latest advances in the application of the tip effect in different fields is provided. Utilizing advanced Finite Difference Time Domain simulation, we further propose our understanding of the fundamental mechanism of the tip effect induced by micro-nanostructure. However, we need to forge the present study to further reveal the essential law of the tip effect from the perspective of theoretical calculations. This review would provide a solid foundation for further development and application of the tip effect.