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The bidding strategies in electricity markets are non-conventional sources of flexibility. The market bids are usually in the form of a price and quantity quotation, and they state how much the seller or buyers are willing to buy or sell and for what price. These new developments in renewable energy systems are thoroughly discussed in this paper. This paper defines renewable energy systems and shows how they are applied in a smart grid. This fact has led the resources to a distributed load. The growing load resources have raised bidding and settlement in the power spot market. This paper presents a Distributed Adjustable Load Resources and settlement (DALRS) model to enhance the power of the payment spot market bidding systems. Flexible resources in smart grids and this report provide a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the current market trading arrangements for these renewable energy systems.

One 160 Gb/s optical time division demultiplexer based on two cascaded electro-absorption modulators as sampling windows was demonstrated and experimentally studied in detail. The two stages were used for the 160 Gb/s into 40 Gb/s demultiplexing and 40 Gb/s into 10 Gb/s demultiplexing respectively.

A new but simply implemented optical clock recovery scheme for optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) systems based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is presented and demonstrated experimentally. According to the unequal-amplitude even-multiplexed OTDM signals, the frame clock is extracted. In addition, the clock with multiple tributary rates is recovered from 160-Gb/s OTDM signal in simulation by utilizing the clock recovery module.

A phase modulator is employed in the scheme of soliton pulse compression with dispersion shifted fiber (DSF). Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect, as a negative influence here, can be dramatically suppressed after optical phase modulation. The experimental result shows that the launched power required for high-order soliton pulse compression has been significantly increased by 11 dB under the condition of 100-MHz phase modulation. Accordingly, the experiment of picosecond pulse compression generated from electro-absorption sampling window (EASW) has also been implemented.