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Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts and poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space1–6. Yet current frameworks for aerospace medicine are nascent and lag far behind advancements in precision medicine on Earth, underscoring the need for rapid development of space medicine databases, tools and protocols. Here we present the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), an integrated data and sample repository for clinical, cellular and multi-omic research profiles from a diverse range of missions, including the NASA Twins Study7, JAXA CFE study8,9, SpaceX Inspiration4 crew10–12, Axiom and Polaris. The SOMA resource represents a more than tenfold increase in publicly available human space omics data, with matched samples available from the Cornell Aerospace Medicine Biobank. The Atlas includes extensive molecular and physiological profiles encompassing genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiome datasets, which reveal some consistent features across missions, including cytokine shifts, telomere elongation and gene expression changes, as well as mission-specific molecular responses and links to orthologous, tissue-specific mouse datasets. Leveraging the datasets, tools and resources in SOMA can help to accelerate precision aerospace medicine, bringing needed health monitoring, risk mitigation and countermeasure data for upcoming lunar, Mars and exploration-class missions.

A collaborative audit project that identifies how catheter specimens of urine (CSU) are being collected and sent to the microbiology department is described. The audit has identified and demonstrated the requirement for a change in local practice regarding the collection of CSUs and recommendations are provided for the necessary changes in the practice.

Planned trial without catheter (TWOC) in reduces the risk of catheter-associated complications of commonly used Indwelling urinary catheters and should take place when an assessment indicates that the catheter can be removed. An outline of the evidence and theory underpinning the procedure for a trial without catheter, including the rationale, patient education, monitoring and evaluation methods and potential complications, is presented.

The symptoms suggesting the presence of urinary tract infection in patients is examined by collecting a catheter specimen of urine (CSU). The procedure for collecting a CSU and storing the same is also discussed.

Midstream urine (MSU) specimen is collected if a urinary tract infection is suspected in a patient. Technique for obtaining MSU is described and the technique should be cleanly carried out otherwise incorrect handling would cause bacterial contamination of the sample, while patients also need to be educated about the collection of MSU sample.

Fluid intake is vital for good general health and particularly to maintain bladder and bowel health, since bladder health is linked to adequate daily urine output which, in turn, is influenced by fluid intake. Nurses must understand the effect of patients drinking both too much and too little fluid, as this will enable them to complete an accurate assessment of fluid intake.

The corrective and effective use of disposable, body-worn incontinence pads, that are chosen to contain and absorb urine and faeces, is described. The inappropriate selection and ineffective use of these pads has negative consequences and since these pads are listed as medical devices, they must be correctly used to achieve high quality care and maintain a patient's physical and psychological well being.

The essence of care benchmarking, a clinical benchmarking project, has identified the need to develop practice locally facilitating the process to change. An ultrasound scan of the bladder using a portable bladder scanner is a reliable, non-invasive way of estimating the volume of residual urine that remains in the bladder after voiding.

The lack of data on rural household production systems and economic conditions in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has impeded efforts to inform development initiatives for the last decade. In 2015/16, a severe El Niño event decimated local crop production and underscored the lack of current data and analysis of PNG's rural population. This paper presents recently collected data from a rural household survey in PNG, including detailed consumption and expenditure data, to explore poverty prevalence and vulnerability in selected rural areas. In doing so, we evaluate food production and consumption patterns within the survey areas and calculate area-specific poverty lines. In addition, we explore correlates of household consumption expenditure. Results suggest that approximately half of the survey sample have total consumption expenditure below the poverty line. When evaluating calorie consumption by food groups, we find that the rural diet is heavily dependent on starchy foods and a large share of the sample has insufficient protein intake per capita. Further evaluation of the correlates of household expenditure suggest four potential policy initiatives to explore further as conduits to improving overall welfare: 1) identify measures to increase agricultural production and improve resilience to climate shocks; 2) increase investments in education; 3) seek opportunities to enhance migration out of rural areas and 4) reduce the number of household dependents. Given that approximately 80 percent of the population in PNG is dependent on rain-fed, subsistence agriculture, rural data collection and analysis to inform policy priorities and development investments are critical to ensure economic viability and food security. This paper presents the most recent poverty analysis in PNG in nearly a decade and a renewed effort to better inform development priorities for the country's rural population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the survey report on the food system for rural households. It mentions that eighty percent of the population in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is dependent on rain-fed farming for an important part of the livelihoods, and food consumed in the country. It mentions that the limited quantitative data in present in the PNG agricultural practices and related consumption and nutrition measurements.

ABSTRACTLamins A/C are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are involved in diverse cellular mechanical and biochemical functions. Here, we report that recognition of Lamins A/C by a commonly used antibody (JOL-2) that binds the Lamin A/C Ig-fold and other antibodies targeting similar epitopes is highly dependent on cell density, even though Lamin A/Clevels do not change. We propose that the effect is caused by partial unfolding or masking of the C’E and/or EF loops of the Ig-fold in response to cell spreading. Surprisingly, JOL-2 antibody labeling was insensitive to disruption of cytoskeletal filaments or the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Furthermore, neither nuclear stiffness nor nucleo-cytoskeletal force transmission changed with cell density. These findings are important for the interpretation of immunofluorescence data for Lamin A/C and also raise the intriguing prospect that the conformational changes may play a role in Lamin A/C mediated cellular function.

The article looks at the "Paroline v. United States" case of the U.S. Supreme Court in which respondent victim was sexually abused as a young girl in order to produce child pornography. Topics discussed include the U.S. statutory framework for providing restoration to victims of child pornography, need of laws to recognize the complexity of the global child pornography market, and U.S. jurisprudence concerning child pornography and restitution to victims.

Spaceflight poses risks to the central nervous system (CNS), and understanding neurological responses is important for future missions. We report CNS changes in Drosophilaaboard the International Space Station in response to spaceflight microgravity (SFμg) and artificially simulated Earth gravity (SF1g) via inflight centrifugation as a countermeasure. While inflight behavioral analyses of SFμg exhibit increased activity, postflight analysis displays significant climbing defects, highlighting the sensitivity of behavior to altered gravity. Multi-omics analysis shows alterations in metabolic, oxidative stress and synaptic transmission pathways in both SFμg and SF1g; however, neurological changes immediately postflight, including neuronal loss, glial cell count alterations, oxidative damage, and apoptosis, are seen only in SFμg. Additionally, progressive neuronal loss and a glial phenotype in SF1g and SFμg brains, with pronounced phenotypes in SFμg, are seen upon acclimation to Earth conditions. Overall, our results indicate that artificial gravity partially protects the CNS from the adverse effects of spaceflight.