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The use of water solutions of industrial and designer surfactants enables performing a wide variety of chemical transformations on hydrophobic precursors. Most reactions are clean, fast, and efficient with vast benefits for overall sustainability. The widespread adoption of such methods is somewhat hampered by a lack of generality in the case of troublesome substrates and scaling up. The common literature solution for such issues is the use of small amounts of organic solvents. We here show that the use of a mixture of l-α-lecithin and Tween 80 is a preferable solution enabling the taming of particularly troublesome reactions where even the cosolvent approach fails. The strong reduction of all interface tensions characterizing such complex multiphase systems is key to the results achieved. The protocol is general and scalable.

The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4,7-dibromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with different arylboronic acids can be efficiently carried out in water and under air by means of micellar coupling. The careful tuning of reaction conditions enables preparation of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted derivatives. The moderate to good yields obtained, along with the wide variety of available substitution patterns, makes this sustainable methodology very useful for the preparation of building blocks for luminescent optoelectronic materials.

This paper investigates the inferential properties of testing the means of Gaussian functional data, using a Mahalanobis type distance for Hilbert spaces. We establish the analytic power of exact and asymptotic tests, for the known and unknown covariance case, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a response adaptive design, described in terms of a two-color urn model, targeting fixed asymptotic allocations. We prove asymptotic results for the process of colors generated by the urn and for the process of its compositions. An application of the proposed urn model is presented in an estimation problem context.